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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flexible bronchoscopy &#40;FB&#41; is a procedure which is not usually tolerated well by the patient&#46; This makes the examination more difficult&#44; often needing repetition with the subsequent lowering of diagnostic performance&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The principal aim of our study is to analyse whether the use of a local anaesthetic with midazolam whilst performing an FB improves the quality of examination in terms of patient tolerance&#46; Also of interest was to find out if this would improve the acceptance of a second or further FB&#44; and the satisfaction of the bronchoscopist in performing these examinations&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A randomised&#44; double blind and controlled with placebo&#44; prospective study has been carried out to assess the use of midazolam&#46; This included 152 patients&#44; randomised into two groups&#58; Group A&#8212;79 &#40;51&#46;9&#37;&#41; patients who received midazolam before the FB&#44; and Group B&#8212;73 &#40;49&#46;1&#37;&#41; patients who received placebo&#46; The patients were given a questionnaire about different aspects of perception of the procedure after the respiratory endoscopy and another was given to the bronchoscopist&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Both groups started off with a similar assessment of fear and nervousness&#46; Group A gave a much higher score than Group B referring to variables related to symptoms and feeling&#46; Patient cooperation assessed by the bronchoscopist was similar in both groups&#44; although the length of the procedure and difficulty was higher in group B&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our results show that patients sedated with midazolam tolerate FB better&#44; remember less of the procedure itself and have a better predisposition to repeat the procedure&#46; The bronchoscopist has less difficulties during the procedure and shortens the time using the same techniques during the bronchoscopy&#46; The lack of severe complications and these results suggest the use of sedation with midazolam as routine during FB&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La broncoscopia flexible &#40;BF&#41; es una t&#233;cnica habitualmente no bien tolerada por el paciente&#44; lo que dificulta la realizaci&#243;n de la exploraci&#243;n&#44; su repetici&#243;n y proporciona un menor rendimiento diagn&#243;stico&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar si la sedaci&#243;n consciente con midazolam durante la BF mejora la calidad de la exploraci&#243;n en t&#233;rminos de tolerancia para el paciente&#46; Conocer si mejora el grado de aceptaci&#243;n de una segunda o sucesivas BF y si mejora el grado de satisfacci&#243;n del broncoscopista de la exploraci&#243;n realizada&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo&#44; aleatorizado&#44; doble ciego y controlado con placebo a recibir midazolam&#46; Se incluy&#243; a 152 pacientes aleatorizados en 2 grupos&#58; grupo A de 79 pacientes &#40;51&#44;9&#37;&#41; que recibieron midazolam y grupo B de 73 pacientes &#40;49&#44;1&#37;&#41; que recibieron placebo&#46; Los pacientes contestaron tras la BF un cuestionario sobre diferentes aspectos de la percepci&#243;n de la exploraci&#243;n y el broncoscopista contest&#243; otro&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ambos grupos comenzaron con una valoraci&#243;n de miedo y nerviosismo muy similar&#46; El grupo A mostr&#243; una valoraci&#243;n muy superior al grupo B en lo referente a las variables relacionadas con los s&#237;ntomas y las sensaciones&#46; La colaboraci&#243;n del paciente fue similar en ambos grupos&#44; aunque la duraci&#243;n de la prueba y la dificultad fueron mayores en el grupo B&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nuestros resultados demuestran que la BF en los pacientes sedados con midazolam se tolera mejor&#44; tienen menos recuerdos y refieren una mejor predisposici&#243;n a repetir la exploraci&#243;n&#46; El broncoscopista encuentra menos dificultad durante su realizaci&#243;n y acorta su duraci&#243;n al realizar las mismas t&#233;cnicas durante la broncoscopia&#46; La ausencia de complicaciones graves y estos resultados aconsejan el uso de sedaci&#243;n con midazolam de forma habitual durante la BF en pacientes sin contraindicaciones&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 46. Issue 6.
Pages 302-309 (June 2010)
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Vol. 46. Issue 6.
Pages 302-309 (June 2010)
Original Article
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A Randomised Study of Midazolam for Sedation in Flexible Bronchoscopy
Eficacia del midazolam para la sedación en la broncoscopia flexible. Un estudio aleatorizado
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Enrique Cases Viedmaa,
Corresponding author
cases_enr@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, Javier Pérez Pallarésb, Miguel Ángel Martínez Garcíac, Raquel López Reyesa, Francisca Sanchís Moreta, José Luis Sanchís Aldása
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Santa María del Rosell, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
c Unidad de Neumología, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Requena, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a procedure which is not usually tolerated well by the patient. This makes the examination more difficult, often needing repetition with the subsequent lowering of diagnostic performance.

Objective

The principal aim of our study is to analyse whether the use of a local anaesthetic with midazolam whilst performing an FB improves the quality of examination in terms of patient tolerance. Also of interest was to find out if this would improve the acceptance of a second or further FB, and the satisfaction of the bronchoscopist in performing these examinations.

Patients and methods

A randomised, double blind and controlled with placebo, prospective study has been carried out to assess the use of midazolam. This included 152 patients, randomised into two groups: Group A—79 (51.9%) patients who received midazolam before the FB, and Group B—73 (49.1%) patients who received placebo. The patients were given a questionnaire about different aspects of perception of the procedure after the respiratory endoscopy and another was given to the bronchoscopist.

Results

Both groups started off with a similar assessment of fear and nervousness. Group A gave a much higher score than Group B referring to variables related to symptoms and feeling. Patient cooperation assessed by the bronchoscopist was similar in both groups, although the length of the procedure and difficulty was higher in group B.

Conclusion

Our results show that patients sedated with midazolam tolerate FB better, remember less of the procedure itself and have a better predisposition to repeat the procedure. The bronchoscopist has less difficulties during the procedure and shortens the time using the same techniques during the bronchoscopy. The lack of severe complications and these results suggest the use of sedation with midazolam as routine during FB.

Keywords:
Sedation
Flexible bronchoscopy
Midazolam
Tolerance
Resumen
Introducción

La broncoscopia flexible (BF) es una técnica habitualmente no bien tolerada por el paciente, lo que dificulta la realización de la exploración, su repetición y proporciona un menor rendimiento diagnóstico.

Objetivo

Analizar si la sedación consciente con midazolam durante la BF mejora la calidad de la exploración en términos de tolerancia para el paciente. Conocer si mejora el grado de aceptación de una segunda o sucesivas BF y si mejora el grado de satisfacción del broncoscopista de la exploración realizada.

Pacientes y métodos

Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado con placebo a recibir midazolam. Se incluyó a 152 pacientes aleatorizados en 2 grupos: grupo A de 79 pacientes (51,9%) que recibieron midazolam y grupo B de 73 pacientes (49,1%) que recibieron placebo. Los pacientes contestaron tras la BF un cuestionario sobre diferentes aspectos de la percepción de la exploración y el broncoscopista contestó otro.

Resultados

Ambos grupos comenzaron con una valoración de miedo y nerviosismo muy similar. El grupo A mostró una valoración muy superior al grupo B en lo referente a las variables relacionadas con los síntomas y las sensaciones. La colaboración del paciente fue similar en ambos grupos, aunque la duración de la prueba y la dificultad fueron mayores en el grupo B.

Conclusiones

Nuestros resultados demuestran que la BF en los pacientes sedados con midazolam se tolera mejor, tienen menos recuerdos y refieren una mejor predisposición a repetir la exploración. El broncoscopista encuentra menos dificultad durante su realización y acorta su duración al realizar las mismas técnicas durante la broncoscopia. La ausencia de complicaciones graves y estos resultados aconsejan el uso de sedación con midazolam de forma habitual durante la BF en pacientes sin contraindicaciones.

Palabras clave:
Sedación
Broncoscopia flexible
Midazolam
Tolerancia
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