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Vol. 40. Issue 11.
Pages 502-507 (November 2004)
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Vol. 40. Issue 11.
Pages 502-507 (November 2004)
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Factores predictivos de reingreso hospitalario en la agudización de la EPOC moderada-grave
Risk Factors of Readmission in Acute Exacerbation of Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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C. Gonzáleza,
Corresponding author
cruz.gonzalez@uv.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínico Universitario.Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 17. 46010 Valencia. España
, E. Serveraa, G. Ferrisa, M.L. Blascob, J. Marína
a Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Universidad de Valencia. Valencia
b Unidad Coronaria. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valencia. España
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Objetivos

Conocer los factores asociados a la exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva (EPOC) es importante para mejorar la supervivencia de los pacientes y conseguir mayor efectividad en su tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las variables asociadas con el reingreso hospitalario en la agudización de la EPOC moderada-grave.

Pacientes Y Métodos

Se estudió de forma prospectiva a 90 pacientes con EPOC moderada-grave ingresados de manera consecutiva en nuestro Servicio de Neumología por exacerbación de su enfermedad. En el momento del alta se evaluaron las variables clínicas, espirométricas y gasométricas, así como el estado muscular, mediante medidas no invasivas. Se realizó un seguimiento de los pacientes durante 3 meses tras el alta. Recogimos las agudizaciones que requirieron ingreso hospitalario y el tiempo libre de enfermedad.

Resultados

El análisis univariado mostró que la coexistencia de cor pulmonale (p < 0,05), el uso de oxigenoterapia domiciliaria (p < 0,05), la hipercapnia (p < 0,05) y una elevada carga inspiratoria —presión media de la vía respiratoria medida en boca > 0,40cmH2O e índice presión-tiempo > 0,25 (p < 0,05 para ambas)— aumentan el riesgo de ingreso hospitalario tras una agudización. El análisis multivariado mostró como factores predictivos independientes el cor pulmonale (p < 0,05) y un elevado índice presión-tiempo (mayor de 0,25; p < 0,05).

Conclusiones

La coexistencia de cor pulmonale y un elevado índice presión-tiempo son factores predictivos independientes de ingreso hospitalario por agudización en los pacientes con EPOC moderada-grave.

Palabras clave:
EPOC
Agudización
Reingreso
Carga inspiratoria
Índice presión-tiempo
Objectives

More effective management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and improved survival of COPD patients requires a better understanding of the risk factors for exacerbation. The aim of this study was to identify factors related to readmission in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.

Patients And Methods

Ninety patients with moderateto- severe COPD hospitalized consecutively for acute exacerbation were studied prospectively. At discharge, the following potential predictors were assessed: clinical and spirometric variables, arterial blood gases, and respiratory muscle strength determined noninvasively. The patients were followed for a period of 3 months. Readmission for exacerbation and time intervals free of hospitalization were recorded.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that the presence of cor pulmonale (P < .05), long-term oxygen therapy (P < .05), hypercapnia (P < .05), and high inspiratory load —mean inspiratory airway pressure measured at the mouth exceeding 0.40cm H2O and a pressure-time index greater than 0.25 (P < .05 for both variables)— increased the risk of hospitalization for exacerbation. Multivariate analysis showed that only cor pulmonale (P < .05) and a high pressure-time index (> 0.25, P < .05) were independently related to risk of readmission.

Conclusions

Cor pulmonale and a high pressure-time index are independent risk factors for hospitalization for exacerbation of moderate-to-severe COPD.

Keywords:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Exacerbation
Readmission
Inspiratory load
Pressure-time index
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