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Since the discovery of antibiotics, it has been generally believed that these antimicrobials are capable of curing almost all bacterial infections. More recently, the appearance of increasing resistance to antibiotics and the emergence of multiresistant microorganisms have given rise to growing concern among physicians, and that concern has now started to filter through to society in general. The problem is further aggravated by a situation that not many people are currently aware of, that is, the limited prospects for future development of new antibiotics in the short to medium term. Appropriate use of available antibiotics based on a thorough understanding of their in vivo activity and the emergence of new forms of administration, such as inhalers, may help to alleviate the problem.
Key words:
Antibiotics
Respiratory infection
Resistance
Desde el descubrimiento de los antibióticos se tenía la creencia generalizada de que eran capaces de curar casi la totalidad de las infecciones bacterianas. Desde entonces, la aparición y el incremento de resistencias a los antimicrobianos y la constatación de la emergencia de microorganismos multi- rresistentes han generado entre los médicos una preocupación creciente, que empieza a trascender a la sociedad. La escasa perspectiva de desarrollo de nuevos fármacos anti- bióticos a corto-medio plazo es poco conocida y agrava el problema. El aprovechamiento de los antibióticos disponibles, mediante el conocimiento en profundidad de su actividad in vivo, así como la emergencia de nuevas formas de administración como la inhalada, puede ayudar a paliar el problema.
Palabras clave:
Antibióticos
Infección respiratoria
Resistencias
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