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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to determine whether variability in peak expiratory flow &#40;PEF&#41; could be used to classify the level of severity of asthma in children&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">PATIENTS AND METHODS</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 387 boys and girls diagnosed with asthma and classified severity according to clinical criteria &#40;Spanish Society of Pediatric Pneumology&#41;&#46; PEF variability was determined using a portable mini- Wright peak flow meter &#40;Clement Clarke International&#44; London&#44; UK&#59; range&#44; 50 L&#47;min&#8211;800 L&#47;min&#41; over a 14-day period&#44; with no changes in normal treatment&#46; The following indices were used to calculate PEF variability&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> difference between morning PEF and nighttime PEF&#44; expressed as a percentage of the mean value of the PEF measurements taken on that day&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> minimum PEF rate during a week&#44; expressed as a percentage of the highest value recorded during that week&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3&#41;</span> difference between the highest and the lowest PEF values&#44; expressed as a percentage of the highest value&#59; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4&#41;</span> the 10th percentile of PEF values recorded during a week&#44; expressed as a percentage of the highest value recorded during that week&#46; We assessed agreement between clinical classification and PEF variability using the weighted &#91;&#46;kappa&#93; coefficient&#46; We also analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of PEF variability indices for episodic and persistent asthma&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">RESULTS</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The analysis of levels of agreement between clinical classification of asthma and formulas 1&#44; 2&#44; 3&#44; and 4 gave quadratic weighted &#954; coefficients of 0&#46;494&#44; 0&#44; 0&#46;488&#44; and 0&#46;346&#44; respectively&#46; The results were similar when patients were grouped and analyzed by type of asthma &#40;episodic or persistent asthma&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">CONCLUSIONS</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The monitoring of PEF variability&#44; a recommendation common in national and international guidelines on the management of asthma in children&#44; is not valid for classifying severity of asthma in children&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio ha sido estudiar si la variabilidad del flujo espiratorio m&#225;ximo &#40;FEM&#41; permite clasificar el asma en ni&#241;os por niveles de gravedad&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">PACIENTES Y M&#201;TODOS</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha estudiado a 387 ni&#241;os y ni&#241;as diagnosticados de asma&#44; cuya gravedad se clasific&#243; atendiendo a criterios cl&#237;nicos &#40;Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a Pedi&#225;trica&#41;&#46; Se determin&#243; la variabilidad del FEM con un medidor port&#225;til &#40;Mini Wright Peak Flow Meter Clement&#44; Clarke International Ltd&#46;&#44; Londres&#44; Reino Unido&#59; escala 50-800 l&#47;min&#41; en los 14 d&#237;as siguientes&#44; sin modificar los tratamientos habituales&#44; seg&#250;n los &#237;ndices de variabilidad del FEM&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> diferencia entre el FEM de la ma&#241;ana y el de la noche&#44; expresado como porcentaje del valor medio de las medidas del FEM durante el d&#237;a&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> m&#237;nimo valor del FEM durante una semana&#44; expresado como porcentaje del mejor FEM durante esa semana&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3&#41;</span> diferencia del mejor sobre el peor FEM&#44; como porcentaje sobre el mejor&#44; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4&#41;</span> percentil 10 de los valores del FEM durante una semana&#44; expresado como porcentaje del mejor FEM durante esa semana&#46; Se analiz&#243; el grado de acuerdo entre la clasificaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica y la variabilidad del FEM mediante el estudio de la concordancia &#40;&#237;ndice kappa ponderado&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n se efectu&#243; un an&#225;lisis de sensibilidad y especificidad para el asma epis&#243;dica y el asma persistente en relaci&#243;n con la variabilidad del FEM&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">RESULTADOS</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los niveles de acuerdo entre la clasificaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica del asma y las f&#243;rmulas 1&#44; 2&#44; 3 y 4 mostraron &#237;ndices kappa ponderados bicuadrados de 0&#44;494&#44; 0&#44; 0&#44;488 y 0&#44;346&#44; respectivamente&#46; Los resultados fueron similares cuando los pacientes se agruparon en asma epis&#243;dica y asma persistente&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">CONCLUSIONES</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La medida de la variabilidad del FEM&#44; recomendaci&#243;n com&#250;n de las gu&#237;as nacionales e internacionales para el manejo del asma en ni&#241;os&#44; no es v&#225;lida para clasificar el asma en ni&#241;os por niveles de gravedad&#46;</p>"
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Global Initiative for asthma&#46; Global strategy for asthma management and prevention&#46; NHLBI&#47;WHO Workshop Report&#46; Bethesda&#58; National Heart&#44; Lung and Blood Institute&#46; National Institutes of Health&#59; 2005&#46; Available from&#58; http&#58;&#47;www&#46;ginasthma&#46;org&#46; Accessed September 19&#44; 2006&#46;"
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "The British Thoracic Society and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network&#46; British guideline on the management of asthma&#46; A national clinical guideline&#44; 2005&#46; Available from&#58; http&#58;&#47;www&#46;sing&#46;ac&#46;uk&#47; guideline&#47;fulltext&#47;63&#47;index&#46;html&#46; Accessed September 19&#44; 2006&#46;"
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Vol. 43. Issue 10.
Pages 535-541 (January 2007)
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Vol. 43. Issue 10.
Pages 535-541 (January 2007)
Original Articles
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Variability in Peak Expiratory Flow Does Not Classify Asthma According to Severity
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Eduardo G. Pérez-Yarzaa,
Corresponding author
perezyar@chdo.osakidetza.net

Correspondence: Eduardo G. Pérez-Yarza. Unidad de Neumología. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Donostia. P.º Dr. Beguiristain, s/n. 20014 San Sebastián. Guipúzcoa. España
, Nicolás Cobosb, Juan José de la Cruzc, on behalf of the Asthma Working Group of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pneumology *
a Unidad de Neumología, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
b Unidad de Neumología Infantil y Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
c Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether variability in peak expiratory flow (PEF) could be used to classify the level of severity of asthma in children.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We studied 387 boys and girls diagnosed with asthma and classified severity according to clinical criteria (Spanish Society of Pediatric Pneumology). PEF variability was determined using a portable mini- Wright peak flow meter (Clement Clarke International, London, UK; range, 50 L/min–800 L/min) over a 14-day period, with no changes in normal treatment. The following indices were used to calculate PEF variability: 1) difference between morning PEF and nighttime PEF, expressed as a percentage of the mean value of the PEF measurements taken on that day; 2) minimum PEF rate during a week, expressed as a percentage of the highest value recorded during that week; 3) difference between the highest and the lowest PEF values, expressed as a percentage of the highest value; and 4) the 10th percentile of PEF values recorded during a week, expressed as a percentage of the highest value recorded during that week. We assessed agreement between clinical classification and PEF variability using the weighted [.kappa] coefficient. We also analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of PEF variability indices for episodic and persistent asthma.

RESULTS

The analysis of levels of agreement between clinical classification of asthma and formulas 1, 2, 3, and 4 gave quadratic weighted κ coefficients of 0.494, 0, 0.488, and 0.346, respectively. The results were similar when patients were grouped and analyzed by type of asthma (episodic or persistent asthma).

CONCLUSIONS

The monitoring of PEF variability, a recommendation common in national and international guidelines on the management of asthma in children, is not valid for classifying severity of asthma in children.

Key words:
Asthma
Classification
Severity
Peak expiratory flow
Variability
Children
Objetivo

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido estudiar si la variabilidad del flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM) permite clasificar el asma en niños por niveles de gravedad.

PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS

Se ha estudiado a 387 niños y niñas diagnosticados de asma, cuya gravedad se clasificó atendiendo a criterios clínicos (Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica). Se determinó la variabilidad del FEM con un medidor portátil (Mini Wright Peak Flow Meter Clement, Clarke International Ltd., Londres, Reino Unido; escala 50-800 l/min) en los 14 días siguientes, sin modificar los tratamientos habituales, según los índices de variabilidad del FEM: 1) diferencia entre el FEM de la mañana y el de la noche, expresado como porcentaje del valor medio de las medidas del FEM durante el día; 2) mínimo valor del FEM durante una semana, expresado como porcentaje del mejor FEM durante esa semana; 3) diferencia del mejor sobre el peor FEM, como porcentaje sobre el mejor, y 4) percentil 10 de los valores del FEM durante una semana, expresado como porcentaje del mejor FEM durante esa semana. Se analizó el grado de acuerdo entre la clasificación clínica y la variabilidad del FEM mediante el estudio de la concordancia (índice kappa ponderado). También se efectuó un análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad para el asma episódica y el asma persistente en relación con la variabilidad del FEM.

RESULTADOS

Los niveles de acuerdo entre la clasificación clínica del asma y las fórmulas 1, 2, 3 y 4 mostraron índices kappa ponderados bicuadrados de 0,494, 0, 0,488 y 0,346, respectivamente. Los resultados fueron similares cuando los pacientes se agruparon en asma episódica y asma persistente.

CONCLUSIONES

La medida de la variabilidad del FEM, recomendación común de las guías nacionales e internacionales para el manejo del asma en niños, no es válida para clasificar el asma en niños por niveles de gravedad.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Clasificación
Gravedad
Flujo espiratorio máximo
Variabilidad
Niños
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This study was partially funded by a GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Spain research grant to the Asthma Working Group of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pneumology (SENP). GSK Spain did not participate in the design of the study, data analysis, results, or conclusions. The data are the property of the Asthma Working Group of the SENP.

The researchers who participated in this study are listed at the end of the article.

Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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