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Vol. 39. Issue 10.
Pages 449-454 (October 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 10.
Pages 449-454 (October 2003)
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Valor predictivo de la clínica para la identificación de los pacientes con síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño susceptibles de tratamiento con presión positiva continua de la vía aérea (CPAP)
Clinical Predictors of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Susceptible to Treatment With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
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M.A. Martínez Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
med013413@nacom.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Neumología. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital General de Requena.Paraje Casa Blanca, s/n. 46340 Requena. Valencia. España
, J.J. Soler Cataluñaa, P. Román Sánchezb, L. Cabero Saltb, I. Giménez Ibáñezb, T. Gastaldo Palopb
a Unidad de Neumología. Hospital General de Requena. Valencia. Hospital General de Requena. Valencia. España
b Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital General de Requena. Valencia. España
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Abstract
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Objetivo

Analizar el valor predictivo de las variables clínicas en la identificación de pacientes con sospecha de síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS) con un índice de apneas-hipopneas (IAH) superior a 30.

Material y método

Se recogieron datos referentes a variables generales, antropométricas, antecedentes personales cardiorrespiratorios, clínica y la sensación subjetiva del clínico. Se excluyó a los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria diurna o cardíaca. A todos ellos se les realizó un estudio poligráfico (AutoSet®) con determinación automática del IAH y manual del índice de apneas obstructivas y centrales. Mediante la construcción de un modelo lógistico se calculó la probabilidad individual de presentar un IAH=30 así como el valor predictivo de cada variable estudiada por se-parado y de la ecuación logística final.

Resultados

Se estudió a 329 pacientes, con una edad media ± desviación estándar de 58 ± 13,45 años; el 76,4% eran varones. Las variables de 207 pacientes se utilizaron para la construcción de la ecuación logística: logit P=2,5 hipertensión arterial + 1,5 test de Epworth + índice de masa corporal + 0,6 apneas presenciadas y repetidas – 2,1; siendo logit P=log e (1-p)/p y valorando las variables como dicotó-micas con puntos de corte para el test de Epworth de 11 y para el índice de masa corporal de 30kg/m 2 . El valor diag-nóstico de dicha ecuación fue: sensibilidad del 80,2% (75-86%); especificidad del 93,4% (89-95%); valor predictivo positivo del 89,6% (84-93%) y valor predictivo negativo del 86,9% (81-90%), lo que supuso un porcentaje de pacientes correctamente clasificados del 89,6%. La variable que pre-sentó mayor capacidad predictora fue la presencia de hiper-tensión arterial. La ecuación se validó prospectivamente en los restantes 102 pacientes.

Conclusiones

Los parámetros clínicos podrían ser útiles en la identificación, previa a la realización del estudio diag-nóstico de SAHS, de aquellos pacientes con sospecha de SAHS que presentaran un IAH30.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas
Sueño
Regresión logística
AutoSet®
Objective

To analyze the predictive value of clinical data for identifying patients suspected of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥30.

Material and method

Patient characteristics, cardio-respiratory medical history, and clinical signs and symp-toms were recorded for all patients. Exclusion criteria were daytime respiratory insufficiency or heart failure. All patients underwent polysomnographic testing (AutoSet®Portable Plus II, ResMed Corp, Sydney, Australia) for automatic AHI calculation and manual determination of central and obstructive apneas. A logistic regression model was constructed to calculate the likelihood of an individual's presenting an AHI≥30 as well as the predictive value of each variable and of the final model.

Results

Three hundred twenty-nine patients with a mean ± SD age of 58 ± 13.45 years were studied; 76.4% were men. Data for 207 patients were used to construct the logistic regression model: logit (P)=2.5 blood pressure + 1.5 Epworth test + body mass index + 0.6 repeated observed episodes of apnea – 2.1. Logit(P) was log e (1-p)/P and variables were dichotomized with cut points of 11 for the Epworth test and of 30kg/m 2 for body mass index. The diagnostic sensitivity of the model was 80.2% (75%-86%), specificity was 93.4% (89%-95%), positive predictive value was 89.6% (84%-93%) and negative predictive value was 86.9% (81%-90%), such that 89.6% of the patients were correctly classified. The variable with the greatest predictive value was high blood pressure. The model was validated prospectively in the remaining 102 patients.

Conclusions

Prior to diagnostic tests for SAHS, clinical data can be useful for identifying patients suspected to have a AHI30.

Keywords:
Apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Sleep
Logistic regression
AutoSet®
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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