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Vol. 36. Issue 8.
Pages 441-449 (September 2000)
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Vol. 36. Issue 8.
Pages 441-449 (September 2000)
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Utilidad del cuestionario de síntomas respiratorios IUATLD para el diagnóstico diferencial del asma bronquial y la bronquitis crónica
Usefulness of the IUATLD respiratory symptoms questionnaire for the differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis
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M. León Fábregas*, A. de Diego Damiá, M. Perpiñá Tordera
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
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Nuestro objetivo fue conocer el valor diagnóstico del cuestionario de la IUATLD para diferenciar pacientes con asma bronquial y bronquitis crónica. Para ello las respuestas de 211 pacientes fueron validadas frente al diagnóstico clínico establecido de forma independiente por 2 neumólogos. Las preguntas se incluyeron en un análisis discriminante utilizando como variables independientes las respuestas y como variable dependiente el diagnóstico. La capacidad predictiva individual de cada pregunta y de las funciones discriminantes que agrupaban los mejores módulos de preguntas se calcularon con un análisis bayesiano. Finalmente se compararon con pruebas que valoraban: función pulmonar (espirometría); variabilidad de la obstrucción (test broncodilatador, peak flow, test de provocación bronquial); atopia (prick test, IgE sérica), y parámetros clínicos y biológicos (eosinofilia). Este cuestionario conseguía diagnosticar correctamente al 91% de los pacientes, y utilizando únicamente 5 preguntas la sensibilidad (85,6%), especificidad (91,4%), valor predictivo positivo (93,1%) y valor predictivo negativo (82,2%) superaban a los del resto de pruebas. Estos resultados, junto a la sencillez de su manejo, nos permiten considerar a este cuestionario como una buena herramienta para el diagnóstico de asma bronquial frente a bronquitis crónica.

Palabras clave:
Cuestionarios
Asma bronquial
Bronquitis crónica

Our objective was to determine the diagnostic value of the questionnaire devised by the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) for distinguishing between bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. We therefore compared clinical diagnoses established independently by two pneumologists for 211 patients to the patients’ responses to the IUATLD questionnaire. The questions were analyzed for their ability to discriminate using the responses as independent variables and the diagnosis as the dependent variable. The individual predictive capacity of each question and the discriminating functions that identified the best clusters of questions were calculated using bayesian analysis. Finally, we compared IUATLD results to tests that assessed lung function (spirometry), obstruction variability (bronchodilator test, peak flow, bronchial challenge test), atopy (prick test, serum IgE), and clinical and biological markers (eosinophilia). The questionnaire correctly diagnosed 91% of the patients and a cluster of five questions registered a sensitivity of 85.6%, specificity of 91.4%, a positive predictive value of 93.1% and a negative predictive value of 82.2%, thus proving superior to the other tests. These results, along with the ease of administering the questionnaire allows us to consider the IUATLD instrument to be a good tool for the differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Key words:
Questionnaires
Bronchial asthma
Chronic bronchitis
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