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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 216-221 (May 1996)
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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 216-221 (May 1996)
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Utilidad de la curva flujo volumen en la detección de estenosis fijas extratorácicas en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Utility of the flow-volume curve in detecting fixed extrathoracic stenosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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J.L. Izquierdo Alonso*,1, J.M. Rodríguez González-Moro**
* Sección de Neumología. Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara
** Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
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La curva flujo volumen constituye la prueba no invasiva más habitual en el diagnóstico de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior. Con el objetivo de analizar su utilidad en la detección de obstrucciones fijas en la vía aérea superior en presencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), se realizaron curvas flujo volumen con maniobras inspiratorias y espiratorias máximas a 60 pacientes con EPOC y a 15 controles sanos. En todos los casos se hizo un estudio basal, repitiéndose posteriormente de forma aleatoria tras la aplicación de resistencias externas con un diámetro interno de 4, 6, 8 y 10 mm. Aunque se detectaron caídas significativas en el flujo espiratorio pico (PEF) y flujos inspiratorios (FIF50) con resistencias de 10 mm, incluso en el grupo con limitación ventilatoria muy grave, fue necesario reducir el diámetro interno a 6 mm para detectar cambios en el volumen espirado máximo en un segundo (FEV1). En los pacientes con valores basales inferiores al 50% del teórico, se necesitaron estenosis de 4 mm para provocar cambios en el FEV 1. La caída en el FEV1 y PEF se hizo menos evidente a medida que aumentaba la gravedad de la EPOC, correlacionándose en ambos casos con el porcentaje de FEV, basal sólo con diámetros de 6 mm (p < 0,01) y 4 mm (p < 0,001).

La sensibilidad de los índices más habituales utilizados en la detección de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior, tales como el FEV1/PEF y el FEV1/FEV0,5, fue baja en las formas graves de EPOC, incluso con estenosis de 4 mm, obteniéndose sensibilidades inferiores al 50% en todos los grupos con diámetros superiores a 6 mm. Otros índices como el FEF50/FIF50 y el FEV1/FIV1 no mejoraron la rentabilidad diagnóstica.

Concluimos que, en presencia de EPOC, la curva flujo volumen puede no detectar adecuadamente la existencia de una obstrucción asociada en la vía aérea superior, por lo que, especialmente en los casos más graves, debe considerarse la necesidad de utilizar métodos diagnósticos alternativos.

Keywords:
Flow-volume curve
COPD
Obstruction
Upper airways

The flow-volume curve is the usual noninvasive diagnostic test for upper airways obstruction. In order to assess its usefulnes for the detection of fixed upper airwais obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we plotted flow-volume curves using maximum inspiratory and expiratory maneuvers in 60 COPD patients and in 15 healthy Controls. Baseline readings were taken, followed by readings after random application of fixed external resistances with diameters of 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm in all cases. Although PEF and FIF50 decreased signiflcantly with resistance of 10 mm, even in the group with the most severe ventilatory limitation, it was necessary to reduce the internal diameter to 6 mm to detect changes in FEV1. In patients with baseline values under 50% of theoretical values, 4 mm stenosis was required to provoke changes in FEV1. The fall in FEV, and PEF was less evident as the severity of COPD increased, with both parameters correlating with percent baseline FEV, only at diameters of 6 mm (p < 0.01) and 4 mm (p < 0.001).

The sensitivities of the usual indices for detecting upper airways obstruction, such as FEV1/PEF and FEV1/FEV0,5, were low (below 50%) in all groups at diameters over 6 mm, and in the most severe cases of COPD, even with stenosis of 4 mm. Ñor did other indices, such as FEF50/FIF50 and FEV,/FIV1, give better diagnostic yield.

We conclude that the flow-volume curve may not detect the existence of upper airways obstruction in COPD, and that in the most severely affected patients alternative diagnostic methods should therefore be considered.

Palabras clave:
Curva flujo volumen
EPOC
Obstrucción
Vía aérea superior
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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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