array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1579212906601201"
  "issn" => "15792129"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60120-1"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-02-01"
  "aid" => "60120"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2006"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:68-73"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2442
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 100
      "HTML" => 1725
      "PDF" => 617
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212906601213"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60121-3"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-02-01"
    "aid" => "60121"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:74-80"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2649
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 89
        "HTML" => 1943
        "PDF" => 617
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Clinical Research Ethics in Respiratory Medicine"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "74"
          "paginaFinal" => "80"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "E&#46; Fern&#225;ndez de Uzquiano, R&#46; &#193;lvarez-Sala"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez de Uzquiano"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "preGrado" => "Dr&#46;"
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "&#193;lvarez-Sala"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906601213?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000002/v1_201305150237/S1579212906601213/v1_201305150237/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212906601195"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60119-5"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-02-01"
    "aid" => "60119"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica &#40;SEPAR&#41;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:62-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 5037
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 93
        "HTML" => 2781
        "PDF" => 2163
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>"
      "titulo" => "Response of Tidal Volume to Inspiratory Time Ratio During Incremental Exercise"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "62"
          "paginaFinal" => "67"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "P&#46;J&#46; Benito, F&#46;J&#46; Calder&#243;n, A&#46; Garc&#237;a-Zapico, J&#46;C&#46; Legido, J&#46;A&#46; Caballero"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "preGrado" => "Dr&#46;"
              "nombre" => "P&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Benito"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Calder&#243;n"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Zapico"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Legido"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Caballero"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906601195?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000002/v1_201305150237/S1579212906601195/v1_201305150237/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>"
    "titulo" => "Usefulness of the Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41; in Identifying the Causes of Chronic Cough"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "68"
        "paginaFinal" => "73"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "V&#46; Plaza, E&#46; Miguel, J&#46; Bellido-Casado, M&#46;P&#46; Lozano, L&#46; R&#237;os, I&#46; Bol&#237;bar"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:5 [
            "preGrado" => "Dr&#46;"
            "nombre" => "V&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Plaza"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "vplaza&#64;santpau&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Miguel"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Bellido-Casado"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;P&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Lozano"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "R&#237;os"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "I&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Bol&#237;bar"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff3"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departament de Pneumologia&#44; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff1"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Area B&#224;sica de Salut Congr&#232;s&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff2"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servei de Epidemiologia Cl&#237;nica&#44; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff3"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondence&#58; Dr&#46; V&#46; Plaza-Moral&#46; Departament de Pneumologia&#46; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau&#46; Sant Antoni M&#46; Claret&#44; 167&#46; 08025 Barcelona&#46; Espa&#241;a"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2004-12-21"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2005-10-04"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154242"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Chronic cough"
            1 => "Chronic cough&#44; causes"
            2 => "Chronic cough&#44; diagnosis"
            3 => "SEPAR guidelines"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154243"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Tos cr&#243;nica"
            1 => "Causas de tos cr&#243;nica"
            2 => "Diagn&#243;stico de tos cr&#243;nica"
            3 => "Recomendaciones SEPAR"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The usefulness of the recently published guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41; on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough has not yet been demonstrated&#46; The objectives of the present study were <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#41;</span> to evaluate the usefulness of the SEPAR guidelines for identifying the possible causes of chronic cough&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b&#41;</span> to determine the most frequent causes of chronic cough treated by primary care physicians&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We carried out a prospective descriptive study that included 57 consecutive patients &#40;mean age&#44; 62 years&#41; seeking medical attention for chronic cough in a primary health care area&#46; The patients were evaluated using the algorithm proposed in the SEPAR guidelines&#44; whereby the diagnostic procedure is divided into 3 phases in function of complexity&#46; Phase I was carried out at the primary care level&#44; and phases II and III at a hospital pneumology department&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For 56 patients &#40;98&#37;&#41;&#44; the potential cause of cough was identified for 52 &#40;91&#37;&#41; in phase I&#59; for 3 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&#44; in phase II&#59; and for 1 &#40;2&#37;&#41;&#44; in phase III&#46; In 30 patients &#40;53&#37;&#41;&#44; a single cause was identified&#59; in 20 &#40;36&#37;&#41;&#44; 2 causes&#59; and in 6 &#40;11&#37;&#41;&#44; more than 2 causes&#46; Considered individually&#44; the most common causes were postnasal drip in 26 cases &#40;46&#37;&#41;&#44; the use of cough-inducing drugs &#40;10 of them attributable to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors&#41; in 16 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&#44; asthma in 15 &#40;27&#37;&#41;&#44; infection in 13 &#40;23&#37;&#41;&#44; gastroesophageal reflux in 12 &#40;21&#37;&#41;&#44; and others in 9 &#40;16&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The application of the SEPAR guidelines on chronic cough is useful for the identification of its causes&#46; The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is a frequent cause of coughs diagnosed at the level of primary outpatient health care&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recientemente&#44; la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neu-molog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica &#40;SEPAR&#41; ha editado una normativa para el diagn&#243;stico y tratamiento de la tos cr&#243;nica&#44; cuya eficacia a&#250;n no se ha demostrado&#46; Los objetivos del presente estudio han sido&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#41;</span> evaluar la eficacia de la normativa SEPAR en la identificaci&#243;n de las posibles causas de tos cr&#243;nica&#44; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b&#41;</span> determinar las causas de tos cr&#243;nica m&#225;s frecuentes en el nivel de la atenci&#243;n primaria sanitaria&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo y pros-pectivo que incluy&#243; consecutivamente a 57 pacientes &#40;media de edad de 62 a&#241;os&#41; que consultaron por tos cr&#243;nica en un &#225;rea b&#225;sica de salud&#46; Se les evalu&#243; seg&#250;n el algoritmo pro-puesto en la normativa SEPAR&#44; que distribuye en 3 fases el proceso diagn&#243;stico a seguir dependiendo de su compleji-dad&#46; La primera de &#233;stas&#44; la fase I&#44; se realiz&#243; en el nivel asis-tencial de la atenci&#243;n primaria&#44; y las fases II y III&#44; en la con-sulta de neumolog&#237;a hospitalaria&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En 56 pacientes &#40;98&#37;&#41; se consigui&#243; identifi-car la causa potencial de la tos&#44; en 52 &#40;91 &#37;&#41; en la fase I&#44; en 3 &#40;5&#37;&#41; en la fase II y en uno &#40;2&#37;&#41; en la fase III&#46; En 30 pacientes &#40;53&#37;&#41; se constat&#243; una sola causa de tos&#44; en 20 &#40;36&#37;&#41; se evidenciaron 2 y en 6 &#40;11&#37;&#41;&#44; m&#225;s de 2&#46; Consideradas indivi-dualmente&#44; las causas m&#225;s frecuentes observadas fueron&#58; en 26 casos &#40;46&#37;&#41;&#44; goteo nasal posterior&#59; en 16 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&#44; ingesta de f&#225;rmacos desencadenantes de tos &#40;10 de ellos inhibidores de la enzima de conversi&#243;n de la angiotensina&#41;&#59; en 15 &#40;27&#37;&#41;&#44; asma&#59; en 13 &#40;23&#37;&#41;&#44; infecciosa&#59; en 12 &#40;21&#37;&#41;&#44; reflujo gastro-esof&#225;gico&#44; y en 9 &#40;16&#37;&#41;&#44; otras&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La aplicaci&#243;n de la normativa SEPAR so-bre la tos cr&#243;nica es eficaz en la identificaci&#243;n de sus causas&#46; La tos por la toma de inhibidores de la enzima de conversi&#243;n de la angiotensina es una causa frecuente en el nivel ex-trahospitalario b&#225;sico sanitario&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic persistent cough in the adult&#58; the spectrum and frequency of causes and successful outcome of specific therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "RS Irwin"
                            1 => "WM Corrao"
                            2 => "MR Pratter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1981.123.4.413"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "123"
                        "paginaInicial" => "413"
                        "paginaFinal" => "417"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7224353"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1470204505702217"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "14702045"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Caracter&#237;sticas de la demanda asistencial en la consulta ambulatoria de neumolog&#237;a del &#225;rea 12 y 13 de Valencia durante el a&#241;o 1994"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M Le&#243;n"
                            1 => "E Cases"
                            2 => "C Rogado"
                            3 => "M Mart&#237;nez"
                            4 => "N P&#233;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "86"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7704396"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673608600823"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Grado de satisfacci&#243;n de los m&#233;dicos de atenci&#243;n primaria y pacientes sobre un nuevo esquema asistencial neumol&#243;gico"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V Plaza"
                            1 => "GR Trigo"
                            2 => "M Peir&#243;"
                            3 => "S Fern&#225;ndez"
                            4 => "N Barrag&#225;n"
                            5 => "D Ferrer-Vidal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "57"
                        "paginaFinal" => "61"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12586044"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic cough&#58; the spectrum and frequency of causes&#44; key components of the diagnostic evaluation and outcomes of specific therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "RS Irwin"
                            1 => "FJ Curley"
                            2 => "CL French"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/141.3.640"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "141"
                        "paginaInicial" => "640"
                        "paginaFinal" => "647"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2178528"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673609610862"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Manejo de la tos cr&#243;nica en consultas de alta demanda&#58; eficacia de un protocolo secuencial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J Alonso"
                            1 => "B Gallego"
                            2 => "SJ Carrizo"
                            3 => "E Vicente"
                            4 => "JM Mar&#237;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "201"
                        "paginaInicial" => "239"
                        "paginaFinal" => "244"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11458791"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Normativa SEPAR sobre la tos cr&#243;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A de Diego"
                            1 => "V Plaza"
                            2 => "V Garrigues"
                            3 => "JL Izquierdo"
                            4 => "A L&#243;pez Vi&#241;a"
                            5 => "J Mullol"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "236"
                        "paginaFinal" => "245"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12028932"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673605665452"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An algorithmic approach to chronic cough"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "MR Pratter"
                            1 => "T Bartter"
                            2 => "S Akers"
                            3 => "J DuBois"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "119"
                        "paginaInicial" => "977"
                        "paginaFinal" => "983"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eosinophilic bronchitis is an important cause of chronic cough"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "CE Brightling"
                            1 => "R Ward"
                            2 => "KL Goh"
                            3 => "AJ Wardlaw"
                            4 => "ID Pavord"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.160.2.9810100"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "160"
                        "paginaInicial" => "406"
                        "paginaFinal" => "410"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430705"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Normativa para la pr&#225;ctica de la espirometr&#237;a forzada"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J Sanchis"
                            1 => "P Casan"
                            2 => "J Castillo"
                            3 => "N Gonz&#225;lez"
                            4 => "L Palenciano"
                            5 => "J Roca"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "132"
                        "paginaFinal" => "142"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measurement of inflammatory indices in induced sputum&#58; effects of selection of sputum to minimize salivary contamination"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E Pizzichini"
                            1 => "MM Pizzichini"
                            2 => "A Efthimiadis"
                            3 => "FE Hargreave"
                            4 => "J Doloch"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1174"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1180"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8804934"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Official statement of the European Respiratory Society&#46; Airway responsiveness&#59; standardized challenge testing with pharmacological&#44; physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Report working party of European Community for Steel and Coal"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "numero" => "Suppl 16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "53"
                        "paginaFinal" => "83"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8425595"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical esophageal pH recording&#58; a technical review for practice guideline development"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "PJ Kahrilas"
                            1 => "EM Quigley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gastroenterology"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "110"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1982"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1996"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8964428"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673608607424"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic cough with a history of excessive sputum production&#58; the spectrum and frequency of causes and key components of the diagnostic evaluation and outcome of specific therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "NA Smyrnios"
                            1 => "RS Irwin"
                            2 => "FJ Curley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "991"
                        "paginaFinal" => "997"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7555175"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The predictive values of the character&#44; timing and complications of chronic cough in diagnosing its cause"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "CJ Mello"
                            1 => "RS Irwin"
                            2 => "FJ Curley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "156"
                        "paginaInicial" => "997"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1003"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8624180"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Managing cough as a defense mechanism and as a symptom&#46; A consensus panel report of the American College of Chest Physicians"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "RS Irwin"
                            1 => "LP Boulet"
                            2 => "MM Cloutier"
                            3 => "R Fuller"
                            4 => "PM Gold"
                            5 => "V Hoffstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "133S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "181S"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9725800"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic persistent cough&#58; experience in diagnosis and outcome using an anatomic diagnostic protocol"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "RH Poe"
                            1 => "RV Harder"
                            2 => "RH Israel"
                            3 => "MC Kallay"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "723"
                        "paginaFinal" => "738"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2924600"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic cough eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "PG Gibson"
                            1 => "J Dolovich"
                            2 => "J Denburg"
                            3 => "EH Ramsdale"
                            4 => "FE Hargreave"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1346"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1348"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2567371"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eosinophilic bronchitis is an important cause of chronic cough"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "CE Brightling"
                            1 => "R Ward"
                            2 => "KL Goh"
                            3 => "AJ Wardlaw"
                            4 => "ID Pavord"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.160.2.9810100"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "160"
                        "paginaInicial" => "406"
                        "paginaFinal" => "410"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430705"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Induced sputum eosinophilic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "F Haergrave"
                            1 => "R Leigh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.160.supplement_1.14"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "160"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S53"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S57"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10556171"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lipid-laden macrophages in induced sputum are a marker of oropharyngeal reflux and possible gastric aspiration"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K Parameswaran"
                            1 => "M Anvari"
                            2 => "A Efthimiadis"
                            3 => "D Kamada"
                            4 => "FE Hargreave"
                            5 => "CJ Allen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1119"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1122"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292116"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Which investigations are most useful in the diagnosis of chronic cough&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "LPA McGarvey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "342"
                        "paginaFinal" => "346"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15047960"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "M&#233;dico de familia y neum&#243;logo &#8230;coordination o confrontaci&#243;n&#63; Propuesta de un esquema de relaci&#243;n entre atenci&#243;n primariay neumolog&#237;ay"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "V Plaza"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "numero" => "Supl 3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "15"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A comparison of primary care physicians and pneumologists in the management of asthma in Spain&#58; ASES study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "A L&#243;pez-Vi&#241;a"
                            1 => "JE Cimas"
                            2 => "C D&#237;az S&#225;nchez"
                            3 => "G Coria"
                            4 => "O Vegazo"
                            5 => "C Picado Valles"
                            6 => "Scientific Committee of ASES study"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "872"
                        "paginaFinal" => "881"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12924513"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0009739X10004458"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "0009739X"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Manejo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica en la medicina primaria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "L S&#225;nchez Agudo"
                            1 => "M Miravitlles"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "144"
                        "paginaFinal" => "146"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7743057"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The diagnosis and treatment of cough"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "RS Irwin"
                            1 => "JM Madison"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM200012073432308"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "343"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1715"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1721"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106722"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic cough in adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "AH Morice"
                            1 => "JA Kastelic"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "901"
                        "paginaFinal" => "907"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14514949"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000002/v1_201305150237/S1579212906601201/v1_201305150237/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004200000002/v1_201305150237/S1579212906601201/v1_201305150237/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906601201?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 42. Issue 2.
Pages 68-73 (February 2006)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 42. Issue 2.
Pages 68-73 (February 2006)
Original Articles
Full text access
Usefulness of the Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) in Identifying the Causes of Chronic Cough
Visits
4545
V. Plazaa,
Corresponding author
vplaza@santpau.es

Correspondence: Dr. V. Plaza-Moral. Departament de Pneumologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España
, E. Miguela, J. Bellido-Casadoa, M.P. Lozanob, L. Ríosb, I. Bolíbarc
a Departament de Pneumologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
b Area Bàsica de Salut Congrès, Barcelona, Spain
c Servei de Epidemiologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Objective

The usefulness of the recently published guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough has not yet been demonstrated. The objectives of the present study were a) to evaluate the usefulness of the SEPAR guidelines for identifying the possible causes of chronic cough, and b) to determine the most frequent causes of chronic cough treated by primary care physicians.

Methods

We carried out a prospective descriptive study that included 57 consecutive patients (mean age, 62 years) seeking medical attention for chronic cough in a primary health care area. The patients were evaluated using the algorithm proposed in the SEPAR guidelines, whereby the diagnostic procedure is divided into 3 phases in function of complexity. Phase I was carried out at the primary care level, and phases II and III at a hospital pneumology department.

Results

For 56 patients (98%), the potential cause of cough was identified for 52 (91%) in phase I; for 3 (5%), in phase II; and for 1 (2%), in phase III. In 30 patients (53%), a single cause was identified; in 20 (36%), 2 causes; and in 6 (11%), more than 2 causes. Considered individually, the most common causes were postnasal drip in 26 cases (46%), the use of cough-inducing drugs (10 of them attributable to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) in 16 (28%), asthma in 15 (27%), infection in 13 (23%), gastroesophageal reflux in 12 (21%), and others in 9 (16%).

Conclusions

The application of the SEPAR guidelines on chronic cough is useful for the identification of its causes. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is a frequent cause of coughs diagnosed at the level of primary outpatient health care.

Key words:
Chronic cough
Chronic cough, causes
Chronic cough, diagnosis
SEPAR guidelines
Objetivo

Recientemente, la Sociedad Española de Neu-mología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) ha editado una normativa para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tos crónica, cuya eficacia aún no se ha demostrado. Los objetivos del presente estudio han sido: a) evaluar la eficacia de la normativa SEPAR en la identificación de las posibles causas de tos crónica, y b) determinar las causas de tos crónica más frecuentes en el nivel de la atención primaria sanitaria.

Métodos

Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo y pros-pectivo que incluyó consecutivamente a 57 pacientes (media de edad de 62 años) que consultaron por tos crónica en un área básica de salud. Se les evaluó según el algoritmo pro-puesto en la normativa SEPAR, que distribuye en 3 fases el proceso diagnóstico a seguir dependiendo de su compleji-dad. La primera de éstas, la fase I, se realizó en el nivel asis-tencial de la atención primaria, y las fases II y III, en la con-sulta de neumología hospitalaria.

Resultados

En 56 pacientes (98%) se consiguió identifi-car la causa potencial de la tos, en 52 (91 %) en la fase I, en 3 (5%) en la fase II y en uno (2%) en la fase III. En 30 pacientes (53%) se constató una sola causa de tos, en 20 (36%) se evidenciaron 2 y en 6 (11%), más de 2. Consideradas indivi-dualmente, las causas más frecuentes observadas fueron: en 26 casos (46%), goteo nasal posterior; en 16 (28%), ingesta de fármacos desencadenantes de tos (10 de ellos inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina); en 15 (27%), asma; en 13 (23%), infecciosa; en 12 (21%), reflujo gastro-esofágico, y en 9 (16%), otras.

Conclusiones

La aplicación de la normativa SEPAR so-bre la tos crónica es eficaz en la identificación de sus causas. La tos por la toma de inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina es una causa frecuente en el nivel ex-trahospitalario básico sanitario.

Palabras clave:
Tos crónica
Causas de tos crónica
Diagnóstico de tos crónica
Recomendaciones SEPAR
Full text is only aviable in PDF
REFERENCES
[1]
RS Irwin, WM Corrao, MR Pratter.
Chronic persistent cough in the adult: the spectrum and frequency of causes and successful outcome of specific therapy.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 123 (1981), pp. 413-417
[2]
M León, E Cases, C Rogado, M Martínez, N Pérez.
Características de la demanda asistencial en la consulta ambulatoria de neumología del área 12 y 13 de Valencia durante el año 1994.
Arch Bronconeumol, 31 (1995), pp. 86
[3]
V Plaza, GR Trigo, M Peiró, S Fernández, N Barragán, D Ferrer-Vidal, et al.
Grado de satisfacción de los médicos de atención primaria y pacientes sobre un nuevo esquema asistencial neumológico.
Arch Bronconeumol, 39 (2003), pp. 57-61
[4]
RS Irwin, FJ Curley, CL French.
Chronic cough: the spectrum and frequency of causes, key components of the diagnostic evaluation and outcomes of specific therapy.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 141 (1990), pp. 640-647
[5]
J Alonso, B Gallego, SJ Carrizo, E Vicente, JM Marín.
Manejo de la tos crónica en consultas de alta demanda: eficacia de un protocolo secuencial.
Rev Clin Esp, 201 (2001), pp. 239-244
[6]
A de Diego, V Plaza, V Garrigues, JL Izquierdo, A López Viña, J Mullol, et al.
Normativa SEPAR sobre la tos crónica.
Arch Bronconeumol, 38 (2002), pp. 236-245
[7]
MR Pratter, T Bartter, S Akers, J DuBois.
An algorithmic approach to chronic cough.
Am Intern Med, 119 (1993), pp. 977-983
[8]
CE Brightling, R Ward, KL Goh, AJ Wardlaw, ID Pavord.
Eosinophilic bronchitis is an important cause of chronic cough.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160 (1999), pp. 406-410
[9]
J Sanchis, P Casan, J Castillo, N González, L Palenciano, J Roca.
Normativa para la práctica de la espirometría forzada.
Arch Bronconeumol, 25 (1989), pp. 132-142
[10]
E Pizzichini, MM Pizzichini, A Efthimiadis, FE Hargreave, J Doloch.
Measurement of inflammatory indices in induced sputum: effects of selection of sputum to minimize salivary contamination.
Eur Respir J, 9 (1996), pp. 1174-1180
[11]
Report working party of European Community for Steel and Coal.
Official statement of the European Respiratory Society. Airway responsiveness; standardized challenge testing with pharmacological, physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults.
Eur Respir J, 6 (1993), pp. 53-83
[12]
PJ Kahrilas, EM Quigley.
Clinical esophageal pH recording: a technical review for practice guideline development.
Gastroenterology, 110 (1996), pp. 1982-1996
[13]
NA Smyrnios, RS Irwin, FJ Curley.
Chronic cough with a history of excessive sputum production: the spectrum and frequency of causes and key components of the diagnostic evaluation and outcome of specific therapy.
Chest, 108 (1995), pp. 991-997
[14]
CJ Mello, RS Irwin, FJ Curley.
The predictive values of the character, timing and complications of chronic cough in diagnosing its cause.
Arch Intern Med, 156 (1996), pp. 997-1003
[15]
RS Irwin, LP Boulet, MM Cloutier, R Fuller, PM Gold, V Hoffstein, et al.
Managing cough as a defense mechanism and as a symptom. A consensus panel report of the American College of Chest Physicians.
Chest, 114 (1998), pp. 133S-181S
[16]
RH Poe, RV Harder, RH Israel, MC Kallay.
Chronic persistent cough: experience in diagnosis and outcome using an anatomic diagnostic protocol.
Chest, 95 (1989), pp. 723-738
[17]
PG Gibson, J Dolovich, J Denburg, EH Ramsdale, FE Hargreave.
Chronic cough eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma.
Lancet, 1 (1989), pp. 1346-1348
[18]
CE Brightling, R Ward, KL Goh, AJ Wardlaw, ID Pavord.
Eosinophilic bronchitis is an important cause of chronic cough.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160 (1999), pp. 406-410
[19]
F Haergrave, R Leigh.
Induced sputum eosinophilic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160 (1999), pp. S53-S57
[20]
K Parameswaran, M Anvari, A Efthimiadis, D Kamada, FE Hargreave, CJ Allen.
Lipid-laden macrophages in induced sputum are a marker of oropharyngeal reflux and possible gastric aspiration.
Eur Respir J, 16 (2000), pp. 1119-1122
[21]
LPA McGarvey.
Which investigations are most useful in the diagnosis of chronic cough?.
Thorax, 59 (2004), pp. 342-346
[22]
V Plaza.
Médico de familia y neumólogo …coordination o confrontación? Propuesta de un esquema de relación entre atención primariay neumologíay.
Arch Bronconeumol, 40 (2004), pp. 15-17
[23]
A López-Viña, JE Cimas, C Díaz Sánchez, G Coria, O Vegazo, C Picado Valles, Scientific Committee of ASES study.
A comparison of primary care physicians and pneumologists in the management of asthma in Spain: ASES study.
Respir Med, 97 (2003), pp. 872-881
[24]
L Sánchez Agudo, M Miravitlles.
Manejo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en la medicina primaria.
Arch Bronconeumol, 31 (1995), pp. 144-146
[25]
RS Irwin, JM Madison.
The diagnosis and treatment of cough.
N Engl J Med, 343 (2000), pp. 1715-1721
[26]
AH Morice, JA Kastelic.
Chronic cough in adults.
Thorax, 58 (2003), pp. 901-907
Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?