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Vol. 47. Issue S1.
Hot topics 2010 en enfermedades respiratorias
Pages 27-32 (January 2011)
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Vol. 47. Issue S1.
Hot topics 2010 en enfermedades respiratorias
Pages 27-32 (January 2011)
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Tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón con invasión de la pared torácica
Treatment of lung cancer with chest wall invasion
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Ignacio Muguruzaa, José Luis Arandab, Mariano García-Yustec,
Corresponding author
mgyuste2@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, España
c Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, España
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Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en pacientes afectados de cáncer de pulmón con invasión de la pared torácica, la indicación y el carácter multidisciplinar del tratamiento, y los métodos y problemas técnicos que plantea la reconstrucción parietal.

La invasión de la pared torácica por contigüidad afecta al 5% de los pacientes con un carcinoma broncogénico. Determinar de forma preoperatoria su existencia facilita el correcto planteamiento terapéutico. La tomografía por emisión de positrones en combinación con las imágenes anatómicas (PET/TC) permite un mejor estudio del factor T y de la extensión metastásica ganglionar y a distancia. Como norma, el tratamiento quirúrgico debe intentar una exéresis tumoral completa: lobectomía, resección de pleura parietal y/o de la pared torácica, asegurando márgenes libres de tumor, y linfadenectomía hiliar y mediastínica. En relación con la supervivencia, se analizan distintos factores pronósticos. La indicación de un tratamiento oncológico de inducción o adyuvante también se considera.

Reconstruir la pared torácica supone devolver la caja torácica y los músculos que la rodean a la situación más anatómica y fisiológica posible. La reconstrucción ideal ha de conseguir una adecuada estabilidad y cobertura parietales para preservar su funcionalidad, y es importante aunque secundario el resultado cosmético. Existen muchos materiales disponibles para realizar la reparación, debiendo adecuarse su uso a cada caso en particular. Resulta fundamental un equipo multidisciplinar capaz de planificar y llevar a cabo la resección y posterior reconstrucción, controlar el postoperatorio y tratar de forma precoz las complicaciones.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón
Invasión pared torácica
Reconstrucción pared torácica
Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze chest wall invasion, the indication and multidisciplinary nature of treatment, the methods used for parietal reconstruction and the technical problems posed by this procedure in patients with lung cancer and chest wall invasion.

Chest wall invasion from adjacent malignancies affects 5% of patients with a bronchogenic carcinoma. Preoperative determination of parietal invasion aids the planning of an appropriate therapeutic approach. Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) improves the study of T-factor and metastatic nodal involvement and distant metastases. As a rule, surgical treatment should attempt complete tumoral resection: lobectomy, resection of the parietal pleura and/or of the chest wall –ensuring tumor-free margins– and hilar and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. We also analyzed the distinct prognostic factors for survival, as well as the indication for induction or adjuvant therapy.

Chest wall reconstruction involves recreating the most anatomical and physiological conditions possible in the chest cavity and surrounding muscles. The ideal reconstruction would achieve adequate parietal stability and coverage to preserve functionality, with the cosmetic result being an important, but secondary, consideration. Many materials are available for reconstruction and the choice of material should be individualized in each patient. A multidisciplinary team able to plan and perform the resection and subsequent reconstruction, oversee postoperative management and treat complications early is essential.

Keywords:
Lung cancer
Chest wall invasion
Chest wall reconstruction
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