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Vol. 42. Issue 6.
Pages 260-266 (June 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 6.
Pages 260-266 (June 2006)
Original Articles
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Study of Tuberculosis Outbreaks Reported in Catalonia, 1998–2002
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Carlos M. Brana,b,c, Joan A. Cayláa,b,c,
Corresponding author
jcayla@aspb.es

Correspondence: Dr. J.A. Caylà. Servei d'Epidemiologia. Agéncia de Salud Pública. Plaza Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona. España
, Ángela Domínguezd, Neus Campsd, Pere Godoyd, Angels Orcaub,c, Irene Barrabeigd, José Alcaided,e, Neus Altetd,e, Pep Álvarezd, the Group for the Study of Tuberculosis Outbreaks in Catalonia *
a Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, y Medicina Preventiva, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Agéncia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Unidad de Investigación en Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
e Unidad de Tuberculosis, CAP Drassanes, Barcelona, Spain
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Objective

To analyze the characteristics of tuberculosis outbreaks declared under vigilance programs in Catalonia.

Methods

Descriptive study of outbreaks from 1998 through 2002 for which reports were available. An outbreak was defined as 3 or more associated cases appearing within a year. For 2 health care regions, outbreaks for which there were full surveillance reports with contact tracing were compared to outbreaks identified but which had not been fully reported.

Results

Twenty-seven outbreaks were analyzed. Nineteen (70%) occurred within families. A total of 22 outbreaks were declared upon identification of the true index case and 5 upon detection of secondary cases. The mean annual incidence of outbreaks was 0.40/100000 inhabitants.

Most cases were in males 16 to 40 years of age and involved cavitary lesions and a clinically significant diagnostic delay. Twenty-seven outbreaks caused 69 secondary cases.

A longer diagnostic delay was seen to correspond to a larger number of secondary cases (P=.08). In the 2 health care regions analyzed, full surveillance reports with contact tracing were issued for 2 of the 14 outbreaks detected (14.4%).

Conclusions

Tuberculosis outbreaks are common but investigative follow-up is scarce. The size of the outbreak is related to the length of diagnostic delay. Rapid diagnosis, contact tracing, and the issuance of a public health report should be priorities in all outbreaks detected.

Key words:
Disease outbreaks
Tuberculosis
Diagnosis, delayed
Secondary cases
Contact tracing
Objetivo

Analizar las características de los brotes de tuberculosis (TB) estudiados por los servicios de vigilancia epidemiológica de Cataluña.

Métodos

Estudio descriptivo de los brotes de 1998–2002 que disponían de informe epidemiológico. Se definió como brote epidémico cuando había 3 o más casos asociados en un año. En 2 regiones sanitarias se compararon los brotes detectados con los que además tenían informes.

Resultados

Se analizaron 27 brotes y la mayoría (n = 19; el 70%) ocurrió en el ámbito familiar. Un total de 22 brotes fueron declarados a partir del caso índice auténtico y 5 a partir de un caso secundario. La incidencia media anual de brotes fue de 0,40/100.000 habitantes. La mayoría fueron generados por varones de 16 a 40 años, con lesiones cavita-rias y un importante retraso diagnóstico. Los 27 brotes provocaron 69 casos secundarios. Se observó que a mayor retraso diagnóstico correspondía mayor número de casos secundarios (p = 0,08). En las 2 regiones sanitarias analiza-das sólo se realizó informe epidemiológico en 2 de los 14 brotes detectados (14,4%).

Conclusiones

Los brotes de TB son frecuentes pero poco investigados, y el retraso diagnóstico se asoció al tamaño del brote. Se deben priorizar el diagnóstico rápido de los enfermos, el estudio de contactos y la realización de un informe sanitario en cada brote detectado.

Palabras clave:
Brotes epidémicos
Tuberculosis
Retraso diagnóstico
Casos secundarios
Contactos
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Partially funded by the Spanish health research fund (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias), network for epidemiological and public health research (Red de Centros de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública).

Members of the Group for the Study of Tuberculosis Outbreaks in Catalonia are listed at the end of the article.

Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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