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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main symptom of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome &#40;SAHS&#41; is excessive daytime sleepiness&#46; The self-administered Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire &#40;FOSQ&#41; was designed to evaluate the impact of sleepiness on a patient&#39;s daily life&#46; The aim of this study was to determine the scores of patients with SAHS and of healthy individuals on the Spanish version of the FOSQ and to assess its usefulness for evaluating the impact of excessive sleepiness in patients with suspected SAHS&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Population and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thirty-one patients with SAHS diagnosed by conventional polysomnography and 31 healthy individuals were included in the study&#46; The following data were collected&#58; patient information&#59; use of tobacco&#44; alcohol&#44; or street drugs&#59; blood pressure&#59; and sleep schedule&#46; Sleepiness was assessed on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the impact of sleepiness on activities of daily living by the FOSQ&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with SAHS &#40;apnea-hypopnea index&#44; 57&#41; had a mean FOSQ total score of 88&#46;7&#59; healthy individuals had a mean score of 110&#46;9 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41; Significant differences were found between the 2 groups on all the FOSQ subscales&#44; except for the one that measured social outcome&#46; There was a moderate correlation between the 2 questionnaires &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> &#61;&#8722;0&#46;54&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;01&#41; and between FOSQ and the AHI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&#61;&#8722;0&#46;39&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;05&#41;&#46; While the capacity to predict SAHS based on receiver operating characteristic curves was greater for the Epworth Sleepiness Scale than for the FOSQ &#40;area under the curve&#44; 0&#46;91 and 0&#46;77&#44; respectively&#41;&#44; the diagnostic yield increased when both questionnaires were considered together &#40;area under the curve&#44; 0&#46;96&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We obtained FOSQ reference scores for Spanish patients with SAHS and for healthy individuals&#46; The study showed that the Spanish version of the FOSQ is a good instrument for assessing the impact of excessive sleepiness on activities of daily living in patients with suspected SAHS&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ntoma principal del s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o &#40;SAHS&#41; es la excesiva somnolen-cia diurna&#46; El Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire &#40;FOSQ&#41; es un cuestionario autoadministrado que se conci-bi&#243; para evaluar la repercusi&#243;n de la somnolencia en la vida diaria del paciente&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los valores de la versi&#243;n espa&#241;ola del FOSQ y su utilidad para evaluar el impacto de la hipersomnolencia en personas con sospecha de SAHS&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Poblaci&#243;n y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; en el estudio a 31 pa-cientes con SAHS diagnosticado mediante polisomnograf&#237;a convencional y a 31 personas sanas&#46; Se recogieron las si-guientes variables&#58; medidas antropom&#233;tricas&#44; h&#225;bitos t&#243;xi-cos&#44; presi&#243;n arterial&#44; f&#225;rmacos y cuestionario sobre horarios de sue&#241;o&#46; La somnolencia se estudi&#243; mediante la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth y el impacto de la somnolencia en las actividades de la vida diaria mediante el FOSQ&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El valor medio del FOSQ total en los pa-cientes con SAHS &#40;&#237;ndice de apneas-hipopneas&#58; 57&#41; fue de 88&#44;7 y en sanos&#44; de 110&#44;9 &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Se encontraron diferen-cias significativas entre ambos grupos en todas las subesca-las del FOSQ&#44; excepto en la que mide las relaciones sociales&#46; Se obtuvo una correlaci&#243;n moderada entre ambos cuestio-narios &#40;r &#61; &#8722;0&#44;54&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41; y entre el FOSQ y el &#237;ndice de apneas-hipopneas &#40;r &#61; &#8722;0&#44;39&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Aunque la capacidad de predicci&#243;n de presentar SAHS&#44; calculada mediante cur-vas de eficacia diagn&#243;stica&#44; fue mayor para la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth que para el FOSQ &#40;&#225;rea bajo la curva &#61; 0&#44;91 y 0&#44;77&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#44; el rendimiento diag-n&#243;stico aumentaba al considerar conjuntamente ambos cuestionarios &#40;&#225;rea bajo la curva &#61; 0&#44;96&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han obtenido valores de referencia del FOSQ en pacientes con SAHS y en sujetos sanos de nuestro medio&#46; Con este estudio se demuestra que la versi&#243;n espa&#241;o-la del FOSQ es un buen instrumento de evaluaci&#243;n del im-pacto de la somnolencia en las actividades de la vida diaria en personas con sospecha de SAHS&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 43. Issue 5.
Pages 256-261 (January 2007)
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Vol. 43. Issue 5.
Pages 256-261 (January 2007)
Original Articles
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Spanish Version of the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire: Scores of Healthy Individuals and of Patients With Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
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Silvia Vidala,
Corresponding author
svidals@gmail.com

Correspondence: Dra. S. Vidal. Justino de Neve, 5. 41004 Sevilla. España
, Montserrat Ferrerb, Cristina Masuetc, María Somozaa, José Ignacio Martínez Ballarína, Carmen Monasterioa
a Servei de Pneumologia, Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
b Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
c Servei de Medicina Preventiva, Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Objective

The main symptom of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is excessive daytime sleepiness. The self-administered Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) was designed to evaluate the impact of sleepiness on a patient's daily life. The aim of this study was to determine the scores of patients with SAHS and of healthy individuals on the Spanish version of the FOSQ and to assess its usefulness for evaluating the impact of excessive sleepiness in patients with suspected SAHS.

Population and methods

Thirty-one patients with SAHS diagnosed by conventional polysomnography and 31 healthy individuals were included in the study. The following data were collected: patient information; use of tobacco, alcohol, or street drugs; blood pressure; and sleep schedule. Sleepiness was assessed on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the impact of sleepiness on activities of daily living by the FOSQ.

Results

Patients with SAHS (apnea-hypopnea index, 57) had a mean FOSQ total score of 88.7; healthy individuals had a mean score of 110.9 (P<.001) Significant differences were found between the 2 groups on all the FOSQ subscales, except for the one that measured social outcome. There was a moderate correlation between the 2 questionnaires (r =−0.54; P=.01) and between FOSQ and the AHI (r=−0.39; P=.05). While the capacity to predict SAHS based on receiver operating characteristic curves was greater for the Epworth Sleepiness Scale than for the FOSQ (area under the curve, 0.91 and 0.77, respectively), the diagnostic yield increased when both questionnaires were considered together (area under the curve, 0.96).

Conclusions

We obtained FOSQ reference scores for Spanish patients with SAHS and for healthy individuals. The study showed that the Spanish version of the FOSQ is a good instrument for assessing the impact of excessive sleepiness on activities of daily living in patients with suspected SAHS.

Key words:
Sleep apnea
Excessive sleepiness
Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ)
Objetivo

El síntoma principal del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS) es la excesiva somnolen-cia diurna. El Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) es un cuestionario autoadministrado que se conci-bió para evaluar la repercusión de la somnolencia en la vida diaria del paciente. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los valores de la versión española del FOSQ y su utilidad para evaluar el impacto de la hipersomnolencia en personas con sospecha de SAHS.

Población y métodos

Se incluyó en el estudio a 31 pa-cientes con SAHS diagnosticado mediante polisomnografía convencional y a 31 personas sanas. Se recogieron las si-guientes variables: medidas antropométricas, hábitos tóxi-cos, presión arterial, fármacos y cuestionario sobre horarios de sueño. La somnolencia se estudió mediante la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth y el impacto de la somnolencia en las actividades de la vida diaria mediante el FOSQ.

Resultados

El valor medio del FOSQ total en los pa-cientes con SAHS (índice de apneas-hipopneas: 57) fue de 88,7 y en sanos, de 110,9 (p < 0,001). Se encontraron diferen-cias significativas entre ambos grupos en todas las subesca-las del FOSQ, excepto en la que mide las relaciones sociales. Se obtuvo una correlación moderada entre ambos cuestio-narios (r = −0,54; p = 0,01) y entre el FOSQ y el índice de apneas-hipopneas (r = −0,39; p = 0,05). Aunque la capacidad de predicción de presentar SAHS, calculada mediante cur-vas de eficacia diagnóstica, fue mayor para la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth que para el FOSQ (área bajo la curva = 0,91 y 0,77, respectivamente), el rendimiento diag-nóstico aumentaba al considerar conjuntamente ambos cuestionarios (área bajo la curva = 0,96).

Conclusiones

Se han obtenido valores de referencia del FOSQ en pacientes con SAHS y en sujetos sanos de nuestro medio. Con este estudio se demuestra que la versión españo-la del FOSQ es un buen instrumento de evaluación del im-pacto de la somnolencia en las actividades de la vida diaria en personas con sospecha de SAHS.

Palabras clave:
Apnea obstructiva del sueño
Somnolencia exce-siva
Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ)
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