Original Articles
Spanish Version of the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire: Scores of Healthy Individuals and of Patients With Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
Silvia Vidala,
, Montserrat Ferrerb, Cristina Masuetc, María Somozaa, José Ignacio Martínez Ballarína, Carmen Monasterioa
Corresponding author
a Servei de Pneumologia, Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
b Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
c Servei de Medicina Preventiva, Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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S. Vidal. Justino de Neve, 5. 41004 Sevilla. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2006-02-14" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-10-24" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154862" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Sleep apnea" 1 => "Excessive sleepiness" 2 => "Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ)" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154863" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Apnea obstructiva del sueño" 1 => "Somnolencia exce-siva" 2 => "Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ)" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main symptom of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is excessive daytime sleepiness. The self-administered Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) was designed to evaluate the impact of sleepiness on a patient's daily life. The aim of this study was to determine the scores of patients with SAHS and of healthy individuals on the Spanish version of the FOSQ and to assess its usefulness for evaluating the impact of excessive sleepiness in patients with suspected SAHS.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Population and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thirty-one patients with SAHS diagnosed by conventional polysomnography and 31 healthy individuals were included in the study. The following data were collected: patient information; use of tobacco, alcohol, or street drugs; blood pressure; and sleep schedule. Sleepiness was assessed on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the impact of sleepiness on activities of daily living by the FOSQ.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with SAHS (apnea-hypopnea index, 57) had a mean FOSQ total score of 88.7; healthy individuals had a mean score of 110.9 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.001) Significant differences were found between the 2 groups on all the FOSQ subscales, except for the one that measured social outcome. There was a moderate correlation between the 2 questionnaires (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> =−0.54; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.01) and between FOSQ and the AHI (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=−0.39; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.05). While the capacity to predict SAHS based on receiver operating characteristic curves was greater for the Epworth Sleepiness Scale than for the FOSQ (area under the curve, 0.91 and 0.77, respectively), the diagnostic yield increased when both questionnaires were considered together (area under the curve, 0.96).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We obtained FOSQ reference scores for Spanish patients with SAHS and for healthy individuals. The study showed that the Spanish version of the FOSQ is a good instrument for assessing the impact of excessive sleepiness on activities of daily living in patients with suspected SAHS.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El síntoma principal del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS) es la excesiva somnolen-cia diurna. El Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) es un cuestionario autoadministrado que se conci-bió para evaluar la repercusión de la somnolencia en la vida diaria del paciente. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los valores de la versión española del FOSQ y su utilidad para evaluar el impacto de la hipersomnolencia en personas con sospecha de SAHS.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Población y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyó en el estudio a 31 pa-cientes con SAHS diagnosticado mediante polisomnografía convencional y a 31 personas sanas. Se recogieron las si-guientes variables: medidas antropométricas, hábitos tóxi-cos, presión arterial, fármacos y cuestionario sobre horarios de sueño. La somnolencia se estudió mediante la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth y el impacto de la somnolencia en las actividades de la vida diaria mediante el FOSQ.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El valor medio del FOSQ total en los pa-cientes con SAHS (índice de apneas-hipopneas: 57) fue de 88,7 y en sanos, de 110,9 (p < 0,001). Se encontraron diferen-cias significativas entre ambos grupos en todas las subesca-las del FOSQ, excepto en la que mide las relaciones sociales. Se obtuvo una correlación moderada entre ambos cuestio-narios (r = −0,54; p = 0,01) y entre el FOSQ y el índice de apneas-hipopneas (r = −0,39; p = 0,05). Aunque la capacidad de predicción de presentar SAHS, calculada mediante cur-vas de eficacia diagnóstica, fue mayor para la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth que para el FOSQ (área bajo la curva = 0,91 y 0,77, respectivamente), el rendimiento diag-nóstico aumentaba al considerar conjuntamente ambos cuestionarios (área bajo la curva = 0,96).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han obtenido valores de referencia del FOSQ en pacientes con SAHS y en sujetos sanos de nuestro medio. Con este estudio se demuestra que la versión españo-la del FOSQ es un buen instrumento de evaluación del im-pacto de la somnolencia en las actividades de la vida diaria en personas con sospecha de SAHS.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T Young" 1 => "M Palta" 2 => "J Dempsey" 3 => "J Skatrud" 4 => "S Weber" 5 => "S Badr" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199304293281704" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "328" "paginaInicial" => "1230" "paginaFinal" => "1235" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8464434" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Obstructive sleep apneahypopnea and related clinical features in a population-based sample of subjects aged 30-70 yr" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J Duran" 1 => "S Esnaola" 2 => "R Rubio" 3 => "A Iztueta" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.2005065" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "163" "paginaInicial" => "685" "paginaFinal" => "689" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11254524" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sleep-disordered breathing and neuropsychological deficits. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2024 October | 36 | 21 | 57 |
| 2024 September | 40 | 15 | 55 |
| 2024 August | 57 | 42 | 99 |
| 2024 July | 32 | 22 | 54 |
| 2024 June | 50 | 33 | 83 |
| 2024 May | 35 | 31 | 66 |
| 2024 April | 19 | 27 | 46 |
| 2024 March | 29 | 16 | 45 |
| 2024 February | 19 | 24 | 43 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2023 February | 27 | 18 | 45 |
| 2023 January | 27 | 29 | 56 |
| 2022 December | 19 | 31 | 50 |
| 2022 November | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| 2022 October | 22 | 33 | 55 |
| 2022 September | 22 | 25 | 47 |
| 2022 August | 17 | 31 | 48 |
| 2022 July | 28 | 49 | 77 |
| 2022 June | 16 | 34 | 50 |
| 2022 May | 19 | 35 | 54 |
| 2022 April | 34 | 49 | 83 |
| 2022 March | 29 | 52 | 81 |
| 2022 February | 18 | 79 | 97 |
| 2022 January | 32 | 116 | 148 |
| 2021 December | 26 | 77 | 103 |
| 2021 November | 26 | 50 | 76 |
| 2021 October | 27 | 57 | 84 |
| 2021 September | 18 | 74 | 92 |
| 2021 August | 11 | 43 | 54 |
| 2021 July | 14 | 27 | 41 |
| 2021 June | 18 | 38 | 56 |
| 2021 May | 15 | 28 | 43 |
| 2021 April | 20 | 62 | 82 |
| 2021 March | 42 | 40 | 82 |
| 2021 February | 32 | 18 | 50 |
| 2021 January | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| 2020 December | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2020 November | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2020 October | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2020 September | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2020 August | 10 | 17 | 27 |
| 2020 July | 19 | 26 | 45 |
| 2020 June | 24 | 7 | 31 |
| 2020 May | 18 | 19 | 37 |
| 2020 April | 26 | 25 | 51 |
| 2020 March | 11 | 19 | 30 |
| 2020 February | 9 | 22 | 31 |
| 2020 January | 17 | 27 | 44 |
| 2019 December | 22 | 15 | 37 |
| 2019 November | 12 | 18 | 30 |
| 2019 October | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2019 September | 22 | 16 | 38 |
| 2019 August | 17 | 4 | 21 |
| 2019 July | 18 | 20 | 38 |
| 2019 June | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2019 May | 17 | 16 | 33 |
| 2019 April | 14 | 19 | 33 |
| 2019 March | 14 | 27 | 41 |
| 2019 February | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2019 January | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2018 December | 5 | 14 | 19 |
| 2018 November | 12 | 13 | 25 |
| 2018 October | 25 | 15 | 40 |
| 2018 September | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2018 May | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2018 April | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2018 March | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2018 February | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2018 January | 1 | 7 | 8 |
| 2017 December | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2017 November | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2017 October | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2017 September | 5 | 11 | 16 |
| 2017 August | 7 | 23 | 30 |
| 2017 July | 3 | 10 | 13 |
| 2017 June | 7 | 13 | 20 |
| 2017 May | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| 2017 April | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2017 March | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2017 February | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2017 January | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2016 December | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2016 November | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2016 October | 23 | 11 | 34 |
| 2016 September | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2016 August | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2016 July | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 70 | 19 | 89 |
| 2015 September | 71 | 18 | 89 |
| 2015 August | 70 | 14 | 84 |
| 2015 July | 69 | 15 | 84 |
| 2015 June | 67 | 9 | 76 |
| 2015 May | 61 | 18 | 79 |
| 2015 April | 54 | 12 | 66 |
| 2015 March | 51 | 11 | 62 |
| 2015 February | 47 | 4 | 51 |
| 2015 January | 35 | 5 | 40 |
| 2014 December | 34 | 4 | 38 |
| 2014 November | 57 | 9 | 66 |
| 2014 October | 60 | 6 | 66 |
| 2014 September | 44 | 7 | 51 |
| 2014 August | 56 | 9 | 65 |
| 2014 July | 51 | 14 | 65 |
| 2014 June | 70 | 8 | 78 |
| 2014 May | 76 | 7 | 83 |
| 2014 April | 80 | 6 | 86 |
| 2014 March | 65 | 11 | 76 |
| 2014 February | 55 | 14 | 69 |
| 2014 January | 55 | 5 | 60 |
| 2013 December | 56 | 7 | 63 |
| 2013 November | 37 | 4 | 41 |
| 2013 October | 46 | 10 | 56 |
| 2013 September | 46 | 7 | 53 |
| 2013 August | 39 | 7 | 46 |
| 2013 July | 57 | 14 | 71 |
| 2013 June | 41 | 5 | 46 |
| 2013 May | 47 | 9 | 56 |
| 2013 April | 24 | 4 | 28 |
| 2013 March | 12 | 1 | 13 |
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