array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1579212906601092"
  "issn" => "15792129"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60109-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-01-01"
  "aid" => "60109"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2006"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:21-4"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2545
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 97
      "HTML" => 1869
      "PDF" => 579
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212906601109"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60110-9"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-01-01"
    "aid" => "60110"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "rev"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:25-32"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2589
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 100
        "HTML" => 1738
        "PDF" => 751
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Origin and Development of RUTI&#44; a New Therapeutic Vaccine Against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Infection"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "25"
          "paginaFinal" => "32"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "P&#46;J&#46; Cardona, I&#46; Amat"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "preGrado" => "Dr&#46;"
              "nombre" => "P&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cardona"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Amat"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906601109?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000001/v1_201305150227/S1579212906601109/v1_201305150227/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212906601080"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60108-0"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-01-01"
    "aid" => "60108"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica &#40;SEPAR&#41;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:14-20"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1920
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 84
        "HTML" => 1254
        "PDF" => 582
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>"
      "titulo" => "Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients With Difficult-to-Control Hypertension"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "14"
          "paginaFinal" => "20"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Garc&#237;a, R&#46; G&#243;mez-Aldarav&#237;, T&#46; Gil-Mart&#237;nez, J&#46;J&#46; Soler-Catalu&#241;a, B&#46; Bern&#225;cer-Alpera, P&#46; Rom&#225;n-S&#225;nchez"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "preGrado" => "Dr&#46;"
              "nombre" => "M&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez-Garc&#237;a"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "G&#243;mez-Aldarav&#237;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "T&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Gil-Mart&#237;nez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Soler-Catalu&#241;a"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "B&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Bern&#225;cer-Alpera"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Rom&#225;n-S&#225;nchez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906601080?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000001/v1_201305150227/S1579212906601080/v1_201305150227/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>"
    "titulo" => "Smoking Among Adolescents&#58; Population Study on Parental and School Influences"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "21"
        "paginaFinal" => "24"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "A&#46;M&#46; Y&#225;&#241;ez, R&#46; L&#243;pez, J&#46; Serra-Batlles, N&#46; Roger, A&#46; Arnau, P&#46; Roura"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:5 [
            "preGrado" => "Dra&#46;"
            "nombre" => "A&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Y&#225;&#241;ez"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "ayanez&#64;hgv&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Serra-Batlles"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "N&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Roger"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Arnau"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "P&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Roura"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Epidemiolog&#237;a Cl&#237;nica&#44; Hospital General de Vic&#44; Vic&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff1"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital General de Vic&#44; Vic&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff2"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondence&#58; Dra&#46; A&#46;M&#46; Y&#225;&#241;ez&#46; Unidad de Epidemiolog&#237;a Cl&#237;nica&#46; Hospital General de Vic&#46; Francesc Pla&#44; 1&#46; 08500 Vic&#46; Barcelona&#46; Espa&#241;a"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2005-04-26"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2005-08-30"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154173"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Adolescents"
            1 => "Smoking"
            2 => "Prevalence"
            3 => "Risk factors"
            4 => "Schools"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154174"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Adolescentes"
            1 => "Tabaquismo"
            2 => "Prevalencia"
            3 => "Factores de riesgo"
            4 => "Escuelas"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking represents a public health problem&#44; one which begins during adolescence&#46; The main objective of this study was to analyze the association between smoking and parental and school factors&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects and method</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study sample consisted of the students from the 20 secondary schools in the region of Osona&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#46; A self-report questionnaire was used to obtain information on the following variables&#58; smoking habit&#44; age of initiation&#44; frequency&#44; type of school &#40;state school or private-subsidized&#41;&#44; sex&#44; age&#44; persons living in the home&#44; town&#44; whether the student had lunch at school&#44; whether the student often had lunch or dinner alone at home&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 2280 students participated in the study &#40;91&#37;&#41;&#46; Mean age was 15&#46;5 years&#46; Of the participants&#44; 20&#37; said they were smokers&#59; 5&#37;&#44; ex-smokers&#59; 34&#37; had tried smoking at least once&#44; and 41&#37; had never smoked&#46; Factors significantly associated with smoking in the multivariate analysis were age&#44; rural town&#44; state school&#44; single parent family&#44; eating alone&#44; and not lunching at school&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking prevalence is high among adolescents in our society and there is no gender difference&#46; Our results show that family structure and dynamics can influence smoking in adolescents&#46; Smoking is less prevalent among adolescents who have lunch at school&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El consumo de tabaco es un problema de salud p&#250;blica cuya iniciaci&#243;n ocurre en la adolescencia&#46; El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la asociaci&#243;n entre consumo de tabaco y factores parentales y escolares&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Sujetos y m&#233;todo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La muestra del estudio fueron los 20 centros que imparten educaci&#243;n secundaria obligatoria en la comarca de Osona &#40;Barcelona&#41;&#46; Se utiliz&#243; un cuestionario autoadministrado que conten&#237;a las siguientes variables&#58; consumo de tabaco&#44; edad de inicio&#44; frecuencia de consumo&#44; tipo de centro &#40;p&#250;blico o concertado&#41;&#44; sexo&#44; edad&#44; convivencia&#44; poblaci&#243;n&#44; utilizaci&#243;n del comedor escolar y si habitualmente com&#237;an o cenaban solos en su domicilio&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 2&#46;280 alumnos participaron en el estudio &#40;91&#37; de participaci&#243;n&#41;&#46; La edad media fue de 15&#44;5 a&#241;os&#46; Un 20&#37; de los adolescentes se declararon fumadores&#44; un 5&#37; ex fumadores&#44; un 34&#37; lo hab&#237;a probado alguna vez y un 41 &#37; no hab&#237;a fumado nunca&#46; Los factores asociados significativamente al consumo de tabaco en el an&#225;lisis multivariado fueron&#58; edad&#44; poblaci&#243;n rural&#44; asistir a un centro p&#250;blico&#44; estructura familiar monoparental&#44; comer en solitario y no utilizar el comedor escolar&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El consumo de tabaco entre los adolescentes de nuestro medio es elevado y no existen diferencias por sexo&#46; Nuestros resultados indican que la estructura y din&#225;mica familiares podr&#237;an influir en el consumo de tabaco en la adolescencia&#46; La utilizaci&#243;n del comedor escolar se asocia a un menor consumo de tabaco&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Study partially funded by the Agencia de Evaluaci&#243;n de Tecnolog&#237;a M&#233;dica &#40;Grant AATRM 003&#47;11&#47;02&#41;&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Annual smoking-attributable mortality&#44; years of potential life lost&#44; and economic cost-United States&#44; 1995&#8211;1999"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "300"
                        "paginaFinal" => "303"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12002168"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "General approach to the patient&#58; health maintenance and disease prevention&#44; and common symptoms"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "SJ McPhee"
                            1 => "SA Schroeder"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:5 [
                        "titulo" => "Current medical diagnosis and treatment"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5"
                        "paginaFinal" => "10"
                        "edicion" => "39th ed&#46;"
                        "serieFecha" => "2000"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asma y humo de tabaco"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "PJ Romero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "414"
                        "paginaFinal" => "418"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15458618"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cigarette smoking and incidence of chronic bronchitis and asthma in women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "RJ Troisi"
                            1 => "FE Speizer"
                            2 => "B Rosner"
                            3 => "D Trichopoulos"
                            4 => "WC Willett"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1557"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1561"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7497760"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Early adolescent smoking and a web of personal and social disadvantage"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "LS Conwell"
                            1 => "MJ O&#39;Callaghan"
                            2 => "MJ Andersen"
                            3 => "W Bor"
                            4 => "JM Najman"
                            5 => "GM Williams"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Paediatr Child Health"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "580"
                        "paginaFinal" => "585"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14629522"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ministerio del Interior&#46; Encuesta Nacional escolar sobre consumo de drogas 2002 &#91;acceded 28&#47;07&#47;2004&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Observatorio Espa&#241;ol sobre Drogas"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "WWW" => array:1 [
                        "link" => "Available from&#58; http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;mir&#46;es&#47;pnd&#47;observa&#47;html&#47;estudios&#46;htm"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tabaquismo en la infancia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L S&#225;nchez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16137459"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Providers issue brief&#58; tobacco&#58; youth access to tobacco&#58; year end report-2003"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A McKinley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Issue Brief Health Policy Track Serv"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "16"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073392"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tabaquismo escolar en la provincia de Sevilla&#46; Epidemiolog&#237;a e influencia del entorno personal y social &#40;campa&#241;a de prevenci&#243;n del tabaquismo 1998&#8211;1999&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "FJ &#193;lvarez"
                            1 => "A Vellisco"
                            2 => "E Calder&#243;n"
                            3 => "J S&#225;nchez"
                            4 => "D del Castillo"
                            5 => "R Vargas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "118"
                        "paginaFinal" => "123"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10782261"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "J&#243;venes y tabaco&#58; prevalencia&#44; patr&#243;n y actitud ante el consumo de tabaco"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M Torrecilla"
                            1 => "R Ruano"
                            2 => "D Plaza"
                            3 => "MA Hern&#225;ndez"
                            4 => "M Barrueco"
                            5 => "A Alonso"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "60"
                        "paginaInicial" => "440"
                        "paginaFinal" => "449"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factors associated with smoking progression among Spanish adolescents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C Ariza"
                            1 => "M Nebot"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Educ Research"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "750"
                        "paginaFinal" => "760"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Consumo de alcohol&#44; tabaco y otras drogas en adolescentes&#44; estudio de dos cohortes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M Alcal&#225;"
                            1 => "S Aza&#241;as"
                            2 => "C Moreno"
                            3 => "L G&#225;lvez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Medicina de Familia"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "81"
                        "paginaFinal" => "87"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Family structure and adolescent cigarette smoking in eleven European countries"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T Bjarnason"
                            1 => "AG Davidaviciene"
                            2 => "P Miller"
                            3 => "A Nociar"
                            4 => "A Pavlakis"
                            5 => "E Stergar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Addiction"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "815"
                        "paginaFinal" => "824"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12780370"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predictors of the transition to regular smoking during adolescence and young adulthood"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "JS Tucker"
                            1 => "PL Ellickson"
                            2 => "DJ Klein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Adolesc Health"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "314"
                        "paginaFinal" => "324"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12667736"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Perfil tab&#225;quico de los adolescentes de Ense&#241;anza Secundaria&#46; Estudio comparativo entre el medio rural y urbano"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "PJ Romero"
                            1 => "JD Luna"
                            2 => "A Mora"
                            3 => "V Alch&#233;"
                            4 => "MJ Le&#243;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prev Tab"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5"
                        "paginaFinal" => "16"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio epidemiol&#243;gico de comportamientos de riesgo en adolescentes escolarizados de dos poblaciones&#44; semirural y urbana"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J Gonz&#225;lez"
                            1 => "JR Calvo"
                            2 => "P Prats"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "214"
                        "paginaFinal" => "219"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12237026"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673600022911"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalencia del tabaquismo en la poblaci&#243;n escolar adolescente de Navarra"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K Abu-Shams"
                            1 => "M de Carlos"
                            2 => "G Tiberio"
                            3 => "A Sebasti&#225;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "59"
                        "paginaFinal" => "63"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580516"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Consumo de tabaco&#44; alcohol y drogas no legales entre adolescentes y relaci&#243;n con los h&#225;bitos de vida y el entorno"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "H Paniagua"
                            1 => "S Garc&#237;a"
                            2 => "G Castellano"
                            3 => "R Sarrall&#233;"
                            4 => "C Redondo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "121"
                        "paginaFinal" => "128"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11472663"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comportamientos relacionados con la salud en estudiantes de secundaria&#58; relaciones sexuales y consumo de tabaco&#44; alcohol y cannabis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E D&#237;ez"
                            1 => "J Barniol"
                            2 => "M Nebot"
                            3 => "O Ju&#225;rez"
                            4 => "M Mart&#237;n"
                            5 => "JR Villalb&#237;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "272"
                        "paginaFinal" => "280"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9972035"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predictors of cigarette and alcohol susceptibility and use among Hispanic migrant adolescents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "JP Elder"
                            1 => "NR Campbell"
                            2 => "AJ Litrownik"
                            3 => "GX Ayala"
                            4 => "DJ Slymen"
                            5 => "D Parra-Medina"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1006/pmed.2000.0693"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prev Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "115"
                        "paginaFinal" => "123"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10938211"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship between after-school care of adolescents and substance use&#44; risk taking&#44; depressed mood&#44; and academic achievement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "JL Richardson"
                            1 => "B Radziszewska"
                            2 => "CW Dent"
                            3 => "BR Flay"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "92"
                        "paginaInicial" => "32"
                        "paginaFinal" => "38"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8516082"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The early use of alcohol and tobacco&#58; its relation to children&#39;s competence and parents&#39; behavior"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C Jackson"
                            1 => "L Henriksen"
                            2 => "D Dickinson"
                            3 => "DW Levine"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "359"
                        "paginaFinal" => "364"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9096534"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factores asociados con el inicio del tabaquismo&#58; seguimiento a los 3 a&#241;os de una cohorte de escolares"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M Nebot"
                            1 => "Z Tom&#225;s"
                            2 => "C Ariza"
                            3 => "S Valmayor"
                            4 => "MJ L&#243;pez"
                            5 => "O Ju&#225;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "495"
                        "paginaFinal" => "501"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15530341"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0210569109000072"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "02105691"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000001/v1_201305150227/S1579212906601092/v1_201305150227/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004200000001/v1_201305150227/S1579212906601092/v1_201305150227/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906601092?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 42. Issue 1.
Pages 21-24 (January 2006)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 42. Issue 1.
Pages 21-24 (January 2006)
Original Articles
Full text access
Smoking Among Adolescents: Population Study on Parental and School Influences
Visits
4346
A.M. Yáñeza,
Corresponding author
ayanez@hgv.es

Correspondence: Dra. A.M. Yáñez. Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica. Hospital General de Vic. Francesc Pla, 1. 08500 Vic. Barcelona. España
, R. Lópeza, J. Serra-Batllesb, N. Rogerb, A. Arnaua, P. Rouraa
a Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital General de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Objective

Smoking represents a public health problem, one which begins during adolescence. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association between smoking and parental and school factors.

Subjects and method

The study sample consisted of the students from the 20 secondary schools in the region of Osona, Barcelona, Spain. A self-report questionnaire was used to obtain information on the following variables: smoking habit, age of initiation, frequency, type of school (state school or private-subsidized), sex, age, persons living in the home, town, whether the student had lunch at school, whether the student often had lunch or dinner alone at home.

Results

A total of 2280 students participated in the study (91%). Mean age was 15.5 years. Of the participants, 20% said they were smokers; 5%, ex-smokers; 34% had tried smoking at least once, and 41% had never smoked. Factors significantly associated with smoking in the multivariate analysis were age, rural town, state school, single parent family, eating alone, and not lunching at school.

Conclusions

Smoking prevalence is high among adolescents in our society and there is no gender difference. Our results show that family structure and dynamics can influence smoking in adolescents. Smoking is less prevalent among adolescents who have lunch at school.

Key words:
Adolescents
Smoking
Prevalence
Risk factors
Schools
Objetivo

El consumo de tabaco es un problema de salud pública cuya iniciación ocurre en la adolescencia. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre consumo de tabaco y factores parentales y escolares.

Sujetos y método

La muestra del estudio fueron los 20 centros que imparten educación secundaria obligatoria en la comarca de Osona (Barcelona). Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado que contenía las siguientes variables: consumo de tabaco, edad de inicio, frecuencia de consumo, tipo de centro (público o concertado), sexo, edad, convivencia, población, utilización del comedor escolar y si habitualmente comían o cenaban solos en su domicilio.

Resultados

Un total de 2.280 alumnos participaron en el estudio (91% de participación). La edad media fue de 15,5 años. Un 20% de los adolescentes se declararon fumadores, un 5% ex fumadores, un 34% lo había probado alguna vez y un 41 % no había fumado nunca. Los factores asociados significativamente al consumo de tabaco en el análisis multivariado fueron: edad, población rural, asistir a un centro público, estructura familiar monoparental, comer en solitario y no utilizar el comedor escolar.

Conclusiones

El consumo de tabaco entre los adolescentes de nuestro medio es elevado y no existen diferencias por sexo. Nuestros resultados indican que la estructura y dinámica familiares podrían influir en el consumo de tabaco en la adolescencia. La utilización del comedor escolar se asocia a un menor consumo de tabaco.

Palabras clave:
Adolescentes
Tabaquismo
Prevalencia
Factores de riesgo
Escuelas
Full text is only aviable in PDF
REFERENCES
[1]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic cost-United States, 1995–1999.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 51 (2002), pp. 300-303
[2]
SJ McPhee, SA Schroeder.
General approach to the patient: health maintenance and disease prevention, and common symptoms.
Current medical diagnosis and treatment, 39th ed., pp. 5-10
[3]
PJ Romero.
Asma y humo de tabaco.
Arch Bronconeumol, 40 (2004), pp. 414-418
[4]
RJ Troisi, FE Speizer, B Rosner, D Trichopoulos, WC Willett.
Cigarette smoking and incidence of chronic bronchitis and asthma in women.
Chest, 108 (1995), pp. 1557-1561
[5]
LS Conwell, MJ O'Callaghan, MJ Andersen, W Bor, JM Najman, GM Williams.
Early adolescent smoking and a web of personal and social disadvantage.
J Paediatr Child Health, 39 (2003), pp. 580-585
[6]
Observatorio Español sobre Drogas.
Ministerio del Interior. Encuesta Nacional escolar sobre consumo de drogas 2002 [acceded 28/07/2004].
[7]
L Sánchez.
Tabaquismo en la infancia.
Arch Bronconeumol, 40 (2004), pp. 1-4
[8]
A McKinley.
Providers issue brief: tobacco: youth access to tobacco: year end report-2003.
Issue Brief Health Policy Track Serv, (2003), pp. 1-16
[9]
FJ Álvarez, A Vellisco, E Calderón, J Sánchez, D del Castillo, R Vargas, et al.
Tabaquismo escolar en la provincia de Sevilla. Epidemiología e influencia del entorno personal y social (campaña de prevención del tabaquismo 1998–1999).
Arch Bronconeumol, 36 (2000), pp. 118-123
[10]
M Torrecilla, R Ruano, D Plaza, MA Hernández, M Barrueco, A Alonso.
Jóvenes y tabaco: prevalencia, patrón y actitud ante el consumo de tabaco.
An Pediatr (Barc), 60 (2004), pp. 440-449
[11]
C Ariza, M Nebot.
Factors associated with smoking progression among Spanish adolescents.
Health Educ Research, 17 (2002), pp. 750-760
[12]
M Alcalá, S Azañas, C Moreno, L Gálvez.
Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas en adolescentes, estudio de dos cohortes.
Medicina de Familia, 2 (2002), pp. 81-87
[13]
T Bjarnason, AG Davidaviciene, P Miller, A Nociar, A Pavlakis, E Stergar.
Family structure and adolescent cigarette smoking in eleven European countries.
Addiction, 98 (2003), pp. 815-824
[14]
JS Tucker, PL Ellickson, DJ Klein.
Predictors of the transition to regular smoking during adolescence and young adulthood.
J Adolesc Health, 32 (2003), pp. 314-324
[15]
PJ Romero, JD Luna, A Mora, V Alché, MJ León.
Perfil tabáquico de los adolescentes de Enseñanza Secundaria. Estudio comparativo entre el medio rural y urbano.
Prev Tab, 2 (2000), pp. 5-16
[16]
J González, JR Calvo, P Prats.
Estudio epidemiológico de comportamientos de riesgo en adolescentes escolarizados de dos poblaciones, semirural y urbana.
Aten Primaria, 30 (2002), pp. 214-219
[17]
K Abu-Shams, M de Carlos, G Tiberio, A Sebastián.
Prevalencia del tabaquismo en la población escolar adolescente de Navarra.
Arch Bronconeumol, 34 (1998), pp. 59-63
[18]
H Paniagua, S García, G Castellano, R Sarrallé, C Redondo.
Consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas no legales entre adolescentes y relación con los hábitos de vida y el entorno.
An Esp Pediatr, 55 (2001), pp. 121-128
[19]
E Díez, J Barniol, M Nebot, O Juárez, M Martín, JR Villalbí.
Comportamientos relacionados con la salud en estudiantes de secundaria: relaciones sexuales y consumo de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis.
Gac Sanit, 12 (1998), pp. 272-280
[20]
JP Elder, NR Campbell, AJ Litrownik, GX Ayala, DJ Slymen, D Parra-Medina, et al.
Predictors of cigarette and alcohol susceptibility and use among Hispanic migrant adolescents.
Prev Med, 31 (2000), pp. 115-123
[21]
JL Richardson, B Radziszewska, CW Dent, BR Flay.
Relationship between after-school care of adolescents and substance use, risk taking, depressed mood, and academic achievement.
Pediatrics, 92 (1993), pp. 32-38
[22]
C Jackson, L Henriksen, D Dickinson, DW Levine.
The early use of alcohol and tobacco: its relation to children's competence and parents' behavior.
Am J Public Health, 87 (1997), pp. 359-364
[23]
M Nebot, Z Tomás, C Ariza, S Valmayor, MJ López, O Juárez.
Factores asociados con el inicio del tabaquismo: seguimiento a los 3 años de una cohorte de escolares.
Arch Bronconeumol, 40 (2004), pp. 495-501

Study partially funded by the Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnología Médica (Grant AATRM 003/11/02).

Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?