Article information
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the last 10 years in the study of innate immunity, in particular because of the possible role that toll-like receptors (TLR) may play in the pathogenesis of some respiratory diseases including, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections. TLR are a family of type 1 transmembrane proteins, responsible for recognising molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns), and expressed by a broad spectrum of infectious agents. This recognition leads to a quick production of cytokines and chemokines which provides a long-lasting adaptive response to the pathogen. At present, it is considered //It is currently considered that the administration of drugs which modulate the activity of these receptors upwards or downwards may represent major therapeutic progress for handling these diseases.
The aim of this review is to describe the different TLS, define their possible role in the pathogenesis of the main respiratory diseases and finally, speculate over the therapeutic possibilities which their modulation, agonist or antagonist, offers as possible therapeutic targets.
Keywords:
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity
Toll-like receptors
Asthma
COPD
Resumen
En los últimos 10 años se ha constatado un creciente interés por el estudio de la inmunidad innata, particularmente por el posible papel que los denominados “receptores toll-like” (TLR) pueden desempeñar en la patogenia de algunas enfermedades respiratorias, como, por ejemplo, el asma, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y las infecciones. Los TLR son una familia de proteínas transmembranarias de tipo I, responsables del reconocimiento de patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos (PAMP, de pathogen-associated molecular patterns), y expresados por un amplio espectro de agentes infecciosos. Este reconocimiento lleva a una rápida producción de citocinas y quimiocinas, lo que proporciona una respuesta adaptativa duradera contra el patógeno. En la actualidad se considera que la administración de fármacos que modulen, al alza o a la baja, la actividad de estos receptores puede suponer un gran avance terapéutico en el manejo de dichas enfermedades.
El propósito de la presente revisión es describir los diferentes TLR, definir su posible papel en la patogenia de las principales enfermedades respiratorias y, finalmente, conjeturar las posibilidades terapéuticas que su modulación, agonista o antagonista, ofrece como posibles dianas terapéuticas.
Palabras clave:
Inmunidad innata
Inmunidad adquirida
Receptores toll-like
Asma
EPOC
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