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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 121-126 (March 2001)
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 121-126 (March 2001)
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Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico y terapia neoadyuvante en el cáncer de pulmón no microcítico con invasión ganglionar mediastínica. Estudio retrospectivo
Surgical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with mediastinal node invasion. A retrospective study
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A. Arnau Obrer*, D. Pérez Alonso, F. Regueiro Mira, A. Cervera Juan, M. Granell Gil, S. Roch Pendería, A. Cantó Armengod
Servicios de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital General Universitario de Valencia
E. Martín Díaz*
* Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria. Santa Cruz de Tenerife
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Objetivo

Analizar la supervivencia de los pacientes clasificados N2M0 (N2 citohistológico) con cáncer de pulmón no microcítico tratados mediante resección quirúrgica del tumor primario y linfadenectomía.

Pacientes Y Método

Entre 1.043 pacientes consecutivos con cáncer de pulmón valorados para cirugía desde 1990 al 2000, hallamos 155 clasificados N2M0 por histología y realizamos la exéresis quirúrgica del tumor pulmonar primario y la linfadenectomía en 116 pacientes de los 130 a quienes se había practicado toracotomía. En los 116 pacientes N2M0 con resección quirúrgica, 23 fueron diagnosticados N2c(C3) por mediastinoscopia y/o mediastinotomía y siguieron quimioterapia (QT) de inducción (mitomicina/ifosfamida/cisplatino, 3 ciclos) y otros 93 fueron diagnosticados como N2pM0 con las muestras obtenidas del tejido linfático mediastínico en la toracotomía, 19 de éstos con exploración quirúrgica mediastínica previa negativa. Los pacientes diagnosticados N2p tras la toracotomía recibieron tratamiento adyuvante con QT, radioterapia (RT) o ambas. A los N2p que recibieron terapia de inducción se les administró RT. Los negativizados tras la linfadenectomía y los pacientes graves no recibieron tratamiento adyuvante alguno.

Resultados

La mediana de supervivencia de los pacientes resecados diagnosticados N2 por mediastinoscopia/mediastinotomía y con QT de inducción fue de 18 meses, y la supervivencia al año, a los 2 y a los 5 años fue del 80, el 45 y el 30%, respectivamente. No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria en este grupo. Un paciente presentó una fístula broncopleural. Nueve pacientes no manifestaron enfermedad ganglionar mediastínica residual tras la linfadenectomía. La mediana de supervivencia de los pacientes resecados diagnosticados N2p en la toracotomía fue de 13 meses, y al año, a los 2 y a los 5 años presentaron una supervivencia del 56, el 31 y el 19%, respectivamente. Fallecieron 14 pacientes en los primeros 30 días del postoperatorio. Nueve pacientes presentaron una fístula broncopleural. La diferencia de supervivencia entre los pacientes de ambos grupos no fue significativa.

Conclusiones

La confirmación citohistológica de enfermedad N2 puede considerarse de mal pronóstico. La cirugía estándar completa, con terapia de inducción en pacientes seleccionados, mejoró la supervivencia que presentaron aquellos diagnosticados N2 en la toracotomía, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón
Cirugía
Quimioterapia
Objective

To analyze the survival of patients classified as N2M0 (N2 by cytohistology) with non-small cell lung cancer treated by surgical resection of the primary tumor and lymphadenectomy.

Patients And Method

Among 1043 consecutive patients with lung cancer who were considered for surgery between 1990 and 2000, 155 were classified N2M0 by histology. Surgical exeresis of the primarily pulmonary tumor and lymphadenectomy were performed in 116 patients of the 130 patients who underwent thoracotomy. Among the 116 N2M0 patients undergoing surgical resection, 23 were diagnosed N2c(C3) by mediastinoscopy and/or mediastinotomy and were given induction chemotherapy (ChT) (mitomycin/ifosfamide/ cisplatin, 3 cycles) and 93 were diagnosed N2pM0 based on samples obtained from mediastinal lymph tissue during thoracotomy. Nineteen of the latter had previously been classified negative during surgical exploration. The patients diagnosed N2p after thoracotomy were given adjuvant ChT, radiotherapy or both. N2p patients who received induction therapy were given radiotherapy. Those found negative after lymphadenectomy and patients with severe disease were given no adjuvant treatment.

Results

Mean survival was 18 months for resected patients diagnosed N2 by mediastinoscopy/mediastinotomy and with induction ChT and survival at one, two and five years was 80%, 45% and 30%, respectively. No postoperative mortality was recorded in this group. One patient suffered bronchopleural fistula. Nine patients showed no residual mediastinal node disease after lymphadenectomy. The mean survival of resected patients diagnosed N2p by thoracotomy was 13 months, and one, two and five year survival rates were 56%, 31% and 19%, respectively. Fourteen patients died within 30 days of surgery. Nine patients developed a bronchopleural fistula. The difference in survival of the two groups was not significant.

Conclusions

The prognosis after cytohistologic confirmation of N2 disease can be considered poor. Standard, complete surgery plus induction therapy in screened patients improved survival for those diagnosed N2 by thoracotomy, with no statistically significant differences.

Key words:
Lung cancer
Surgery
Chemotherapy
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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