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Vol. 30. Issue 9.
Pages 433-439 (November 1994)
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Vol. 30. Issue 9.
Pages 433-439 (November 1994)
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Relación entre hiperrespuesta bronquial inespecífica, variación diaria del flujo espiratorio máximo y necesidades de medicación en pacientes con asma leve
Links between non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity, diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow and dose requirements in patients with mild asthma
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L. Prieto*, V. Gutiérrez, J.M. Bertó, B. Camps, M.J. Pérez
Sección de Alergia. Hospital Doctor Peset. Valencia
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Con el fin de estudiar la relación entre hiperrespuesta bronquial inespecífica, variabilidad diaria del flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM) y síntomas de asma, se seleccionaron 36 individuos con asma alérgica de intensidad leve. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a provocación con metacolina hasta inducir descensos del FEV1 mayores del 40% o administrar una concentración de 200 mg/ml. Durante los 14 días siguientes, registraron el FEM tres veces al día y anotaron los síntomas y las necesidades de salbutamol inhalado.

En los 11 pacientes en los que se obtuvieron curvas concentración-respuesta completas, la media geométrica de la variación diaria del FEM (porcentaje de amplitud media) fue del 5,0%, mientras que en los 25 pacientes cuyas curvas no mostraban plateau fue del 8,3% (p < 0,01). En los 36 individuos estudiados se detectó correlación (r=–0,56; p < 0,001) entre la PC20 y el porcentaje de amplitud media del FEM. Sin embargo, en los 11 individuos con curvas completas no pudo detectarse relación entre el porcentaje de amplitud media del FEM y la PC20 (r=-0,31; p=NS) o el nivel del plateau (r=0,19; p=NS) o la EC50 (r=-0,26; p=NS). La media geométrica de la PC20 en los 12 sujetos que necesitaron salbutamol durante los 14 días posteriores a la exploración con metacolina fue de 1,06 mg/dl, mientras que en los individuos que permanecieron asintomáticos fue de 1,32 mg/ml (p=NS). Además, se detectó plateau en 2 de los 12 pacientes que presentaron síntomas de asma y en 9 de los 24 que permanecieron asintomáticos (p=NS).

Concluimos que la hiperrespuesta bronquial inespecífica no es el único factor que condiciona las variaciones diarias del FEM y que, por tanto, hiperrespuesta bronquial y variabilidad de la obstrucción no son términos equivalentes. Además, en los individuos con asma leve, la determinación de la respuesta a la metacolina inhalada carece de utilidad para predecir la evolución a corto plazo de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Hiperrespuesta bronquial
Asma
Flujo espiratorio máximo

To assess the relation between non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity, we recorded diurnal peak expiratory flow variation (PFV) and asthma symptoms in 36 individuals with mild allergic asthma. The patients were challenged with methacholine to induce decreases greater than 40% in FEV1, or until a maximum of 200 mg/ml had been administered. Over the next 14 days, PFV was measured three times per day and symptoms and inhaled salbutamol requirements were recorded.

In the 11 patients with complete dose-response curves, the geometric mean of diurnal PFV variation (% mean range) was 5.0%; this parameter was 8.3% (p < 0.01) in the 25 subjects whose curves did not reach a plateau. A correlation (r=-0.56, p < 0.001) was found between PC20 and % mean range. PFV for the sample as a whole. In the 11 patients with complete curves, however, no correlation (r=-0.31, p=NS) between % mean range of PFV and PC20 was found. Nor could the plateau (r=0.19, p=NS) or EC50 (r=-0.26, p=NS) be found for these patients. The geometric mean for PC20 in the 12 subjects who needed salbutamol throughout the 14-day study period after methacholine challenge was 1.06 mg/ml; this parameter was 1.32 mg/ml (p=NS) for those with no symptoms. A plateau was reached by 2 of the 12 patients who experienced asthma symptoms and in 9 of the 24 who were asymptomatic (p=NS).

We conclude that non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity is not the only factor that influences diurnal PFV variation and that bronchial hyperreactivity and variability of obstruction are not equivalent terms. Moreover, determination of response to inhaled methacholine is of little use in predicting the short-term development of the condition in patients with mild asthma.

Key words:
Bronchial hyperreactivity
Asthma
Peak expiratory flow
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