Journal Information
Vol. 37. Issue 6.
Pages 287-291 (June 2001)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 37. Issue 6.
Pages 287-291 (June 2001)
Full text access
Modelo de riesgo de mortalidad en el carcinoma broncogénico no anaplásico de células pequeñas en estadio I
Model for risk of mortality in stage I non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma
Visits
6169
J. Padilla
Corresponding author
jpadilla@comv.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Avda. de Campanar, 21. 46009 Valencia.
, J.C. Peñalver, V. Calvo, A. García Zarza, J. Pastor, E. Blasco, F. París
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
This item has received
Article information
Objetivo

Elaborar y validar un modelo del riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes resecados de un carcinoma broncogénico no anaplásico de células pequeñas (CBNACP) en estadio I.

Pacientes Y Método

Un total de 798 pacientes diagnosticados de CBNACP fueron resecados y clasificados en el estadio I. Se estudiaron una serie de variables clinicopatológicas y su influencia en la supervivencia, calculada con el método de Kaplan-Meier. El modelo de Cox se utilizó para el análisis multivariante.

Resultados

En el análisis univariante, la edad (p = 0,0461), la sintomatología (p = 0,0383), la histología (p = 0,0489), el tamaño (p = 0,0002) y la invasión tumoral (p = 0,0010) condicionaron la supervivencia. En el análisis multivariante el tamaño (p = 0,0000) y la edad (p = 0,0269) entraron en regresión. Se estimó, aplicando la ecuación de regresión obtenida en el modelo multivariante, el riesgo de cada paciente, comprobando que la media fue de 1,47 ± 0,31 (rango, 0,68-2,92). La serie se dividió en tres grupos de riesgo (bajo, intermedio y alto), estableciendo los puntos de corte en 1,16 y 1,78 (desviación estándar de la media). La supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 85, el 62 y el 46%, respectivamente (p = 0,0000). Para validar la capacidad predictiva del modelo, la serie se dividió al azar en dos grupos: uno de estudio, configurado por 403 pacientes, y otro de validación, compuesto por 395. En el análisis univariante, en el grupo de estudio, la edad (p = 0,0295), la sintomatología (p = 0,0396), el tamaño (p = 0,0010) y la invasión tumoral (p = 0,0010) condicionaron la supervivencia. Utilizando el modelo de Cox, el tamaño (p = 0,0000) y la edad (p = 0,0358) entraron en regresión. La media del riesgo fue de 1,94 ± 0,36 (rango, 0,98-3,32). La serie fue dividida en tres grupos de riesgo, estableciendo los puntos de corte en 1,58 y 2,30. La supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 90, el 62 y el 46% para los grupos de riesgo bajo, intermedio y alto, respectivamente (p = 0,0000). Aplicando este modelo al grupo de validación, su capacidad para identificar grupos de riesgo quedó demostrada. La supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 78, el 61 y el 48%, respectivamente (p = 0,0000).

Conclusión

Los modelos de riesgo pueden identificar a subgrupos de pacientes potencialmente subsidiarios de tratamientos coadyuvantes a la cirugía, así como facilitar la comparación de distintas series.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma broncogénico
Estadio I
Cirugía
Objective

To develop and validate a mortality risk model for patients with resected stage I non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma (NSCBC).

Patients And Method

Tumors from 798 patients with diagnoses of NSCBC were resected and classified in stage I. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazard model were used to analyze the influence of clinical and pathologic variables on survival.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed that age (p = 0.0461), symptoms (p = 0.0383), histology (p = 0.0489) and tumor size (p = 0.0002) and invasion (p = 0.0010) affected survival. Size (p = 0.0000) and age (p = 0.0269) were entered into multivariate analysis. Each patient's risk was estimated by applying the regression equation derived from multivariate analysis; the mean was 1.47 ± 0.31 (range 0.68 to 2.92). The series was divided into three groups by degree of risk (low, intermediate and high), establishing the cutoff points at 1.16 and 1.78 (standard deviation of the mean). Five-year survival rates were 85%, 62% and 46%, respectively (p = 0.0000). To validate the model's predictive capacity, the series was divided randomly into two groups: the study group with 403 patients and the validation group with 395. Age (p = 0.0295), symptoms (p = 0.0396), tumor size (p = 0.0010) and invasion (p = 0.0010) affected survival in the univariate analysis. Size (p = 0.0000) and age (p = 0.0358) were entered into Cox's model. Mean risk was 1.94 ± 0.36 (range 0.98 to 3.32). The series was divided into three risk groups, with cut-off points established at 1.58 and 2.30. Five year survival rates were 90%, 62% and 46% for the low, intermediate and high risk groups, respectively (p = 0.0000). The same model proved able to identify risk when applied to the validation group, in which five-year survival rates were 78%, 61% and 48%, respectively (p = 0.0000).

Conclusion

Risk models can identify patient subgroups, potentially influenced by co-adjuvant treatment, as well as facilitate comparison of patient series.

Key words:
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Stage I
Surgery
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J. Padilla, J. Peñalver, V. Calvo, A. García Zarza, J. Pastor, E. Blasco, et al.
Carcinoma broncogénico no anaplásico de células pequeñas. El nuevo estadio I.
Arch Bronconeumol, 36 (2000), pp. 68-72
[2.]
V. Calvo Medina, J. Padilla Alarcón, A. García Zarza, J. Pastor Guillem, E. Blasco Armengod, F. París Romeu.
Pronóstico del carcinoma broncogénico no anaplásico de células pequeñas T3N0M0.
Arch Bronconeumol, 36 (2000), pp. 510-514
[3.]
C.F. Mountain.
Revision in the international staging system for lung cancer.
Chest, 111 (1997), pp. 1710-1717
[4.]
Grupo de Trabajo de la SEPAR. Normativa actualizada (1998) sobre diagnóstico y estadificación del carcinoma broncogénico.
Arch Bronconeumol, 34 (1998), pp. 437-452
[5.]
G.F. Sanz, M.A. Sanz, P.L. Greenberg.
Prognostic factors and scoring system in myelodysplastic syndromes.
Haematologica, 83 (1998), pp. 358-368
[6.]
Y. Fong, J. Fortner, R.L. Sun, M.F. Brennan, L.H. Blumgart.
Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Analysis of 1001 consecutive cases.
Ann Surg, 230 (1999), pp. 309-321
[7.]
D.M. Harpole, J.E. Hendon, W.G. Young, W.G. Wolfe, D.C. Sabiston.
Stage I non-small cell lung cancer. A multivariate analysis of treatment methods and patterns of recurrence.
Cancer, 76 (1995), pp. 787-796
[8.]
D.M. Harpole, J.E. Herndon, W.G. Wolfe, J. Iglehart, J.D. Marks, J.R. Mark.
A prognostic model of recurrence and death in stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Cancer Res, 55 (1995), pp. 51-56
[9.]
Y. Ichinose, N. Hara, M. Ohta, T. Yano, J. Maeda, H. Asoh, et al.
Is T factor of TNM staging system a predominant prognostic factor in pathologic stage I non-small-cell lung cancer?.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 106 (1993), pp. 90-94
[10.]
Y. Ichinose, T. Yano, H. Asoh, H. Yokoyama, I. Yoshino, Y. Katsuda.
Prognostic factors obtained by examination in completely resected non-small cell lung cancer.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 110 (1995), pp. 601-605
[11.]
H. Bülzebruck, R. Bopp, P. Dings, E. Bauer, S. Krysa, G. Prosbt.
New aspects in the staging lung cancer. Prospective validation of the International Union Against Cancer TNM classification.
Cancer, 70 (1992), pp. 1102-1110
[12.]
P. Macchiarini, G. Fontanini, M. Hardin, H. Chuancheih, D. Bigini, S. Vignati, et al.
Blood vessel invasion by tumor cells predicts recurrence in completely resected T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 106 (1993), pp. 80-88
[13.]
T.A. D'Amico, M. Massey, J.E. Herndon, M.B. Moore, D.H. Harpole.
A biologic risk model for stage I lung cancer: immunohistochemical analysis of 480 patients with the use of ten molecular markers.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 117 (1999), pp. 736-743
[14.]
J. Wasson, H. Sox, R. Neff, L. Goldman.
Clinical prediction rules: applications and methodological standards.
N Engl J Med, 313 (1985), pp. 793-799
[15.]
F. Harrell, K. Lee, D. Matchar, T. Reichert.
Regression models to prognostic prediction: advantages, problems and suggested solutions.
Cancer Treat Rep, 69 (1985), pp. 1077-1085
[16.]
E. Kaplan, P. Meier.
Non parametric estimation from incomplete observations.
J Am Stat Assoc, 53 (1958), pp. 457-481
[17.]
R.M. Peto, P. Pike, N.E. Armitage, D.R. Breslow, S.V. Cox, N. Howard, et al.
Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observations of each patient.
Br J Cancer, 35 (1997), pp. 1-39
[18.]
D. Cox.
Regression model and life tables.
J R Stat Soc, 34 (1972), pp. 187-220
[19.]
J. Nesbitt, J. Putnam, G. Walsh, J. Roth, C.F. Mountain.
Survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg, 60 (1995), pp. 466-472
[20.]
F. Detterbeck, M. Socinski.
IIB or not IIB: the current question in staging non-small cell lung cancer.
Chest, 112 (1997), pp. 229-234
[21.]
J. Padilla, V. Calvo, J.C. Peñalver, G. Sales, A. Morcillo.
Surgical results and prognostic factors in early non-small cell lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg, 63 (1997), pp. 324-326
[22.]
T. Naruke, T. Goya, R. Tsuchiya, K. Suemasu.
Prognosis and survival in resected lung carcinoma based on the new international staging system.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 96 (1988), pp. 440-447
[23.]
Y. Watanabe, N. Shimizu, M. Oda, T. Iwa, T. Takashima, R. Kamimura, et al.
Early lung cancer: its clinical aspect.
J Surg Oncol, 48 (1991), pp. 75-80
[24.]
Bronchogenic Carcinoma Cooperative Group of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery(GCCB-S).
Clinical tumour size and prognosis in lung cancer.
Eur Respir J, 14 (1999), pp. 812-816
[25.]
R. Ginsberg, J. Cox, M. Green, H. Bulzebruck, D. Grunewald, P. Harper, et al.
Consensus report: Staging Classification Committee.
Lung Cancer, 17 (1997), pp. S11-S13
[26.]
R.C. Read, R. Schaffw, L. North, R. Walls.
Diameter, cell type and survival in stage I primary non-small cell lung cancer.
Arch Surg, 123 (1988), pp. 446-449
[27.]
R.C. Read, G. Yoder, R.C. Schafer.
Survival after conservative resection for T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg, 49 (1990), pp. 349-354
[28.]
T. Ishida, H. Yokoyama, S. Kaneko, K. Sugio, K. Sugimachi.
Longterm results of operation for non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly.
Ann Thorac Surg, 50 (1990), pp. 919-922
[29.]
F. Bernet, R. Brodbeck, M. Guenin, G. Schupfer, J. Habicht, T. Carrel.
Age does not influence early and late tumor-related outcome for bronchogenic carcinoma.
Ann Thorac Surg, 69 (2000), pp. 913-918
[30.]
D. Williams, P. Pairolero, C. Davis, P. Bernatz, S. Payne, W. Taylor, et al.
Survival of patients surgically treated for stage I lung cancer.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 82 (1981), pp. 70-76
[31.]
M. Gail, R. Eagan, R. Feld, R. Ginsberg, B. Goodell, L. Hill, et al.
Prognostic factors in patients with resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer.
Cancer, 54 (1984), pp. 1082-1113
[32.]
J. Piccirillo, A. Feinstein.
Clinical symptoms and comorbidity: significance of the prognostic classification of cancer.
Cancer, 77 (1996), pp. 834-842
[33.]
P.A. Thomas, S. Piantadosi, and the Lung Cancer Study Group.
Postoperative T1N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Squamous versus non-squamous recurrence.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 94 (1987), pp. 349-354
Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?