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Vol. 33. Issue 3.
Pages 136-142 (March 1997)
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Vol. 33. Issue 3.
Pages 136-142 (March 1997)
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Los agonistas adrenérgicos β2 y su influencia en el rendimiento físico
β2 adrenergic agonists and their influence on physical performance
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F. Drobnic*
Departamento de Fisiología y Valoración Funcional. Centre d’Alt Rendiment. Sant Cugat del Vallés. Barcelona
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Cada día es más evidente que un individuo con asma no sólo puede beneficiarse por la práctica de una actividad física, sino también puede llegar a unos niveles de rendimiento deportivo como los no asmáticos. Para ello, además de utilizar unas medidas terapéuticas adecuadas, precisa la utilización de ciertos fármacos para prevenir la crisis de asma de esfuerzo. Los agonistas β2 son fármacos con un cierto potencial “anabólico” proteico, dependiente de la dosis y permanencia en los tejidos, tanto en animales de laboratorio, como de granja o en humanos. Debe considerarse que la dosis administrada para obtener este efecto es muy superior a la utilizada como terapéutica para el asma o las enfermedades respiratorias. Si se tiene en cuenta que los tratamientos orales son bastante menos efectivos en el asma de esfuerzo que los inhalados, que las dosis son inferiores y que los efectos ergogénicos de las sustancias estudiadas son nulos o no valorables, parece lógico permitir que el individuo con asma los utilice para realizar una actividad física. Por otra parte, el asmático cuya asma es tan severa que precisa el uso de agonistas β2 por vía oral, cabe considerar que estará lo bastante enfermo como para no poder participar en una actividad deportiva mientras dure su estado.

Palabras clave:
Beta-2-adrenérgicos
asma de esfuerzo
dopaje

That asthmatics benefit not only from physical exercise but that they can even reach performance levels comparable to that of non asthmatics is becoming increasingly clear. To reach such a level, asthmatics need to use drugs to prevent effort-related asthma attacks in addition to taking appropriate therapeutic measures. β2 agonists are drugs that potentially produce a certain amount of “anabolic” effect, depending on the dose and permanence in tissues, in laboratory and farm animals as well as in humans. We must conclude that the dose needed to obtain this effect is higher than that used for therapeutic purposes in asthma or respiratory diseases. Bearing in mind that oral treatments are considerably less effective than inhaled drugs in exercise-related asthma attacks, that the doses of the latter are lower and that the ergogenic effects of the substances studied are nil or below detection levels, it seems logical to allow individuals with asthma who use such substances to engage in physical exercise. Moreover, the asthmatic whose disease is so severe as to require the use of orally administered β2 agonists will in all likelihood be too ill to participate in a sport while that status persists.

Key words:
Betha-2-adrenergics
Exercise-related asthma
Doping
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