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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exhaled breath condensate represents an alternative to bronchoalveolar lavage for the analysis of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome &#40;ARDS&#41;&#46; However&#44; analysis of hydrogen peroxide &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; yields variable results that do not correlate with severity of the clinical presentation&#46; In an attempt to explain this variability&#44; the aim of the present study was to assess the possible limitations of the most commonly used technique for analyzing H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> in breath condensate&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> levels were analyzed using the Gallati technique &#40;linear range between 0&#46;3 and 10 &#956;M&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> &#61; 0&#46;99&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;05&#41; in serial samples of condensate taken from the expiratory tube of a mechanical ventilator in 6 patients with ARDS&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The volume of condensate obtained correlated to minute ventilation &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> &#61; 0&#46;96&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;05&#41;&#46; In 11 out of 23 samples&#44; a spectrophotometer reading was obtained at 450 nm despite the absence of the characteristic color of the reaction and in some of these samples a spontaneous reading was obtained that was indicative of contamination&#46; The absorbance spectrum of these samples did not contain the characteristic peak for H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> at 450 nm and pretreatment of some samples with catalase did not affect the absorbance at 450 nm&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The spectrophotometric method commonly used to measure H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> levels in breath condensate lacks specificity in ARDS due to the presence of variable levels of contaminants in the samples&#44; which lead to false positives&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El condensado del aire espirado es una alternativa al lavado broncoalveolar para estudiar marcadores de inflamaci&#243;n y estr&#233;s oxidativo en pacientes con s&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio del adulto &#40;SDRA&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el estudio del per&#243;xido de hidr&#243;geno &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; ofrece resultados variables que no se relacionan con la gravedad del cuadro cl&#237;nico&#46; El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido identificar las posibles limitaciones de la t&#233;cnica m&#225;s utilizada para medir el H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> en condensado que expliquen esta variabilidad&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron muestras seriadas de condensado de la v&#237;a espiratoria del ventilador de 6 pacientes con SDRA mediante la t&#233;cnica de Gallati &#40;lineal entre 0&#44;3-10 &#956;M&#44; r &#61; 0&#44;99&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41; para H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El volumen de condensado se relacion&#243; con la ventilaci&#243;n minuto &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;96&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; En 11 de 23 muestras se obtuvo lectura a 450 nm sin el color caracter&#237;stico de la reacci&#243;n y en algunas se obtuvo tambi&#233;n lectura espont&#225;nea indicativa de contaminantes&#46; El espectro de absorci&#243;n de estas muestras no mostr&#243; el pico caracter&#237;stico del H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> a 450 nm y el pretratamiento de algunas muestras con catalasa no modific&#243; la absorbancia a 450 nm&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El m&#233;todo espectrofotom&#233;trico frecuentemente empleado para medir el H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> en condensado es inespec&#237;fico en el SDRA por la presencia en las muestras de cantidades variables de contaminantes que determinan falsos positivos&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 41. Issue 10.
Pages 542-546 (October 2005)
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Vol. 41. Issue 10.
Pages 542-546 (October 2005)
Original Articles
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Limitations of the Technique to Determine Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Exhaled Breath Condensate From Patients With Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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A. Bruhn, L. Liberona, C. Lisboa, G. Borzone
Corresponding author
gborzone@med.puc.cl

Correspondence: Dra. G. Borzone. Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Marcoleta, 345, 4.°. Santiago de Chile. Chile
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Objective

Exhaled breath condensate represents an alternative to bronchoalveolar lavage for the analysis of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) yields variable results that do not correlate with severity of the clinical presentation. In an attempt to explain this variability, the aim of the present study was to assess the possible limitations of the most commonly used technique for analyzing H2O2 in breath condensate.

Patients and methods

H2O2 levels were analyzed using the Gallati technique (linear range between 0.3 and 10 μM, r = 0.99; P<.05) in serial samples of condensate taken from the expiratory tube of a mechanical ventilator in 6 patients with ARDS.

Results

The volume of condensate obtained correlated to minute ventilation (r = 0.96; P<.05). In 11 out of 23 samples, a spectrophotometer reading was obtained at 450 nm despite the absence of the characteristic color of the reaction and in some of these samples a spontaneous reading was obtained that was indicative of contamination. The absorbance spectrum of these samples did not contain the characteristic peak for H2O2 at 450 nm and pretreatment of some samples with catalase did not affect the absorbance at 450 nm.

Conclusions

The spectrophotometric method commonly used to measure H2O2 levels in breath condensate lacks specificity in ARDS due to the presence of variable levels of contaminants in the samples, which lead to false positives.

Key Words:
Hydrogen peroxide
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Oxidative stress
Exhaled breath condensate
Inflammatory markers
Gallati technique
Objetivo

El condensado del aire espirado es una alternativa al lavado broncoalveolar para estudiar marcadores de inflamación y estrés oxidativo en pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto (SDRA). Sin embargo, el estudio del peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) ofrece resultados variables que no se relacionan con la gravedad del cuadro clínico. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido identificar las posibles limitaciones de la técnica más utilizada para medir el H2O2 en condensado que expliquen esta variabilidad.

Pacientes y métodos

Se analizaron muestras seriadas de condensado de la vía espiratoria del ventilador de 6 pacientes con SDRA mediante la técnica de Gallati (lineal entre 0,3-10 μM, r = 0,99; p < 0,05) para H2O2.

Resultados

El volumen de condensado se relacionó con la ventilación minuto (r = 0,96; p < 0,05). En 11 de 23 muestras se obtuvo lectura a 450 nm sin el color característico de la reacción y en algunas se obtuvo también lectura espontánea indicativa de contaminantes. El espectro de absorción de estas muestras no mostró el pico característico del H2O2 a 450 nm y el pretratamiento de algunas muestras con catalasa no modificó la absorbancia a 450 nm.

Conclusiones

El método espectrofotométrico frecuentemente empleado para medir el H2O2 en condensado es inespecífico en el SDRA por la presencia en las muestras de cantidades variables de contaminantes que determinan falsos positivos.

Palabras clave:
Peróxido de hidrógeno
Síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto
Estrés oxidativo
Condensado del aire espirado
Marcadores de inflamación
Técnica de Gallati
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