Original Articles
Limitations of the Technique to Determine Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Exhaled Breath Condensate From Patients With Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A. Bruhn, L. Liberona, C. Lisboa, G. Borzone
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gborzone@med.puc.cl
Correspondence: Dra. G. Borzone. Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Marcoleta, 345, 4.°. Santiago de Chile. Chile
Correspondence: Dra. G. Borzone. Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Marcoleta, 345, 4.°. Santiago de Chile. Chile
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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"apellidos" => "Lisboa" ] 3 => array:5 [ "preGrado" => "Dra." "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Borzone" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "gborzone@med.puc.cl" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dra. G. Borzone. Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Marcoleta, 345, 4.°. Santiago de Chile. Chile" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-04-26" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-01-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key Words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153698" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Hydrogen peroxide" 1 => "Adult respiratory distress syndrome" 2 => "Oxidative stress" 3 => "Exhaled breath condensate" 4 => "Inflammatory markers" 5 => "Gallati technique" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153699" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Peróxido de hidrógeno" 1 => "Síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto" 2 => "Estrés oxidativo" 3 => "Condensado del aire espirado" 4 => "Marcadores de inflamación" 5 => "Técnica de Gallati" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exhaled breath condensate represents an alternative to bronchoalveolar lavage for the analysis of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) yields variable results that do not correlate with severity of the clinical presentation. In an attempt to explain this variability, the aim of the present study was to assess the possible limitations of the most commonly used technique for analyzing H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> in breath condensate.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> levels were analyzed using the Gallati technique (linear range between 0.3 and 10 μM, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> = 0.99; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.05) in serial samples of condensate taken from the expiratory tube of a mechanical ventilator in 6 patients with ARDS.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The volume of condensate obtained correlated to minute ventilation (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> = 0.96; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.05). In 11 out of 23 samples, a spectrophotometer reading was obtained at 450 nm despite the absence of the characteristic color of the reaction and in some of these samples a spontaneous reading was obtained that was indicative of contamination. The absorbance spectrum of these samples did not contain the characteristic peak for H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> at 450 nm and pretreatment of some samples with catalase did not affect the absorbance at 450 nm.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The spectrophotometric method commonly used to measure H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> levels in breath condensate lacks specificity in ARDS due to the presence of variable levels of contaminants in the samples, which lead to false positives.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El condensado del aire espirado es una alternativa al lavado broncoalveolar para estudiar marcadores de inflamación y estrés oxidativo en pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto (SDRA). Sin embargo, el estudio del peróxido de hidrógeno (H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) ofrece resultados variables que no se relacionan con la gravedad del cuadro clínico. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido identificar las posibles limitaciones de la técnica más utilizada para medir el H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> en condensado que expliquen esta variabilidad.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron muestras seriadas de condensado de la vía espiratoria del ventilador de 6 pacientes con SDRA mediante la técnica de Gallati (lineal entre 0,3-10 μM, r = 0,99; p < 0,05) para H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El volumen de condensado se relacionó con la ventilación minuto (r = 0,96; p < 0,05). En 11 de 23 muestras se obtuvo lectura a 450 nm sin el color característico de la reacción y en algunas se obtuvo también lectura espontánea indicativa de contaminantes. El espectro de absorción de estas muestras no mostró el pico característico del H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> a 450 nm y el pretratamiento de algunas muestras con catalasa no modificó la absorbancia a 450 nm.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El método espectrofotométrico frecuentemente empleado para medir el H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> en condensado es inespecífico en el SDRA por la presencia en las muestras de cantidades variables de contaminantes que determinan falsos positivos.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oxidant activity in expired breath 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2024 October | 27 | 20 | 47 |
| 2024 September | 30 | 22 | 52 |
| 2024 August | 39 | 55 | 94 |
| 2024 July | 35 | 48 | 83 |
| 2024 June | 30 | 28 | 58 |
| 2024 May | 37 | 30 | 67 |
| 2024 April | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| 2024 March | 18 | 14 | 32 |
| 2024 February | 19 | 19 | 38 |
| 2023 March | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2023 February | 15 | 24 | 39 |
| 2023 January | 19 | 27 | 46 |
| 2022 December | 18 | 24 | 42 |
| 2022 November | 17 | 23 | 40 |
| 2022 October | 19 | 36 | 55 |
| 2022 September | 18 | 23 | 41 |
| 2022 August | 15 | 42 | 57 |
| 2022 July | 19 | 35 | 54 |
| 2022 June | 13 | 22 | 35 |
| 2022 May | 18 | 43 | 61 |
| 2022 April | 20 | 27 | 47 |
| 2022 March | 13 | 26 | 39 |
| 2022 February | 16 | 28 | 44 |
| 2022 January | 17 | 31 | 48 |
| 2021 December | 12 | 46 | 58 |
| 2021 November | 19 | 48 | 67 |
| 2021 October | 22 | 44 | 66 |
| 2021 September | 19 | 47 | 66 |
| 2021 August | 17 | 28 | 45 |
| 2021 July | 14 | 32 | 46 |
| 2021 June | 14 | 29 | 43 |
| 2021 May | 9 | 35 | 44 |
| 2021 April | 24 | 60 | 84 |
| 2021 March | 23 | 16 | 39 |
| 2021 February | 10 | 22 | 32 |
| 2021 January | 6 | 13 | 19 |
| 2020 December | 10 | 19 | 29 |
| 2020 November | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2020 October | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2020 September | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2020 August | 10 | 18 | 28 |
| 2020 July | 13 | 19 | 32 |
| 2020 June | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2020 May | 12 | 18 | 30 |
| 2020 April | 14 | 20 | 34 |
| 2020 March | 10 | 13 | 23 |
| 2020 February | 14 | 22 | 36 |
| 2020 January | 12 | 25 | 37 |
| 2019 December | 13 | 24 | 37 |
| 2019 November | 7 | 16 | 23 |
| 2019 October | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2019 September | 21 | 15 | 36 |
| 2019 August | 32 | 11 | 43 |
| 2019 July | 47 | 24 | 71 |
| 2019 June | 46 | 18 | 64 |
| 2019 May | 20 | 23 | 43 |
| 2019 April | 14 | 37 | 51 |
| 2019 March | 11 | 22 | 33 |
| 2019 February | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2019 January | 4 | 13 | 17 |
| 2018 December | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2018 November | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2018 October | 16 | 12 | 28 |
| 2018 September | 10 | 13 | 23 |
| 2018 May | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2018 April | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2018 March | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2018 February | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2018 January | 5 | 10 | 15 |
| 2017 December | 5 | 10 | 15 |
| 2017 November | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2017 October | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2017 September | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2017 August | 8 | 25 | 33 |
| 2017 July | 3 | 10 | 13 |
| 2017 June | 4 | 24 | 28 |
| 2017 May | 6 | 13 | 19 |
| 2017 April | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2017 March | 4 | 27 | 31 |
| 2017 February | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2017 January | 3 | 6 | 9 |
| 2016 December | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2016 November | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2016 October | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2016 September | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2016 August | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2016 July | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 25 | 1 | 26 |
| 2015 September | 25 | 14 | 39 |
| 2015 August | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2015 July | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2015 June | 31 | 10 | 41 |
| 2015 May | 41 | 13 | 54 |
| 2015 April | 26 | 12 | 38 |
| 2015 March | 34 | 9 | 43 |
| 2015 February | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2015 January | 28 | 9 | 37 |
| 2014 December | 32 | 8 | 40 |
| 2014 November | 27 | 9 | 36 |
| 2014 October | 31 | 21 | 52 |
| 2014 September | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2014 August | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2014 July | 21 | 11 | 32 |
| 2014 June | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| 2014 May | 40 | 18 | 58 |
| 2014 April | 39 | 15 | 54 |
| 2014 March | 40 | 14 | 54 |
| 2014 February | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2014 January | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2013 December | 27 | 15 | 42 |
| 2013 November | 19 | 6 | 25 |
| 2013 October | 19 | 17 | 36 |
| 2013 September | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2013 August | 25 | 9 | 34 |
| 2013 July | 39 | 25 | 64 |
| 2013 June | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2013 May | 23 | 4 | 27 |
| 2013 April | 12 | 10 | 22 |
| 2013 March | 8 | 3 | 11 |
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