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Vol. 39. Issue 1.
Pages 29-34 (January 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 1.
Pages 29-34 (January 2003)
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La mediastinoscopia para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad mediastínica: análisis de 181 exploraciones
Mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis of mediastinal disease. An analysis of 181 explorations
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P. Rodrígueza,*, N. Santanaa, P. Gámezb, F. Rodríguez De Castroa, A. Varela De Ugarteb, J. Freixineta
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España
b Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario Clínica Puerta de Hierro. Madrid. España
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Para validar nuestra experiencia con la utilización de la mediastinoscopia cervical estándar (MCS) y la mediastinos-copia cervical extendida (MCE) en el diagnóstico de las ade-nopatías y masas del mediastino, se ha realizado este estudio entre enero de 1992 y febrero de 2001 sobre 181 pacientes. La MCS y MCE se han indicado para la estadificación gan-glionar por carcinoma broncogénico (grupo I) y en el diagnóstico de las masas mediastínicas (grupo II). En todos los casos se ha efectuado una MCS para explorar la región pa-ratraqueal (2R, 2L, 4R, 4L, 7, 10R, 10L) y en 32, además, una MCE para la ventana aortopulmonar o región subaórtica (área 5) y región paraaórtica (área 6). En el grupo I, la MCS ha demostrado una sensibilidad (S) del 93,6%, especi-ficidad (E) del 100%, un valor predictivo positivo (VPP) del 100%, un valor predictivo negativo (VPN) del 82,8% y una rentabilidad diagnóstica (RD) del 95,1%. La MCE ha tenido una S del 91%, E del 100%, VPP del 100%, VPN del 93,3% y una RD del 96%. Para el grupo II, la MCS ha presentado una S del 93,3%, E 100%, VPP 100%, VPN 81,2% y una RD del 94,8% mientras que la MCE en este grupo ha tenido una S del 80%, E del 100%, VPP 100%, VPN 66,7% y una RD del 85,7%. El porcentaje de complicaciones ha sido del 2,7%, destacando un sangrado por lesión de la vena cava su-perior, una laceración traqueal, una parálisis recurrencial y 2 casos de infección de la herida quirúrgica. La estancia me-dia postoperatoria ha sido de 36 h y la mortalidad nula

Concluimos que la MCS es una técnica de gran especifici-dad en la valoración de la afección ganglionar mediastínica por carcinoma broncogénico y la prueba de elección ante la imposibilidad o ausencia de diagnóstico en las lesiones localizadas en el mediastino medio. La MCE es una alternativa váli-da y segura a la mediastinotomía anterior en la valoración de las adenopatías y masas que ocupan las regiones paraaórtica y ventana aortopulmonar, presentando una elevada rentabili-dad diagnóstica, una baja morbilidad y una nula mortalidad

Palabras clave:
Tumores del mediastino
Carcinoma broncogé-nico
Diagnóstico
Mediastinoscopia cervical
Mediastinoscopia cervical extendida

To validate our experience with standard cervical mediasti-noscopy (SCM) and extended cervical mediastinoscopy (ECM) to diagnose mediastinal nodes and masses, we studied 181 patients between January 1992 and February 2001. SCM and ECM were indicated for diagnostic staging of nodes rela-ted to bronchogenic carcinoma (Group I) or of mediastinal masses (Group II). An SCM was performed in all cases to ex-plore the paratracheal region (2R, 2L, 4R, 4L, 7, 10R and 10L); in 21 additional cases, an ECM was performed to explo-re the aortopulmonary window or the subaortic region (area 5) and the para-aortic region (area 6). In Group I, the sensiti-vity of SCM was 93.6% and specificity was 100%; the positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, the negative predictive va-lue (NPV) was 82.8%, and the diagnostic yield was 95.1%. The sensitivity of ECM was 91% and specificity was 100%; PPV was 100%, NPV 93.3% and yield was 96%. In Group II, the sensitivity was 93.3%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 81.2% and diagnostic yield 94.8%. The sensitivity of ECM in this group was 80%, specificity was 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 66.7% and yield 85.7%. A 2.7% complication rate was obser-ved, with one case of bleeding after injury to the superior vena cava, one tracheal lesion, one recurring paralysis and two ca-ses of surgical wound infection. The mean postoperative stay was 36 hours and mortality was zero

We conclude that SCM is highly specific for the evaluation of mediastinal node involvement in bronchogenic carci-noma and it is the approach of choice when a diagnosis of lesions located in the mid-mediastinal region has not been reached. ECM is a valid, safe alternative to anterior medias-tinotomy for staging nodes and masses occupying para-aor-tic zones or the aortopulmonary window, with good diag-nostic yield, low morbidity and absence of mortality

Keywords:
Mediastinal tumors
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Diag-nosis
Cervical mediastinoscopy
Extended cervical mediastinos-copy
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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