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Vol. 38. Issue 1.
Pages 10-15 (January 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 1.
Pages 10-15 (January 2002)
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Identificación de nuevas categorías diagnósticas dentro del asma bronquial y la EPOC. Una revisión de las clasificaciones tradicionales
Identification of new diagnostic categories within bronchial asthma and COPD. A review of traditional classifications
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M. León Fábregas
, A. de Diego Damiá, M. Perpiñá Tordera
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
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El solapamiento en la expresión clínica y funcional de las enfermedades de la vía aérea hace difícil separar las diferentes entidades nosológicas incluidas dentro de ellas. Nuestro objetivo ha sido identificar categorías “ocultas” dentro de las etiquetas diagnósticas tradicionales de asma bronquial y de bronquitis crónica. Para ello, estudiamos a 211 pacientes diagnosticados de alguna de estas enfermedades mediante la valoración de su función pulmonar (espirometría), variabilidad de la obstrucción (test broncodilatador, flujo espiratorio máximo, test de provocación bronquial), atopia (prick-test, IgE sérica total), parámetros biológicos (eosinófilos), grado de tabaquismo y sintomatología. Se utilizó una técnica multivariante de clasificación automática de datos (quick cluster) para reclasificar a los sujetos en base a los parámetros de agrupación seleccionados con un análisis factorial de componentes principales. Este análisis nos permitió identificar 4 tipos diferentes de pacientes (asma tópico, bronquitis asmática, bronquitis crónica simple y bronquitis con hiperrespuesta bronquial) que consideramos representativos de categorías diagnósticas con significado clínico relevante y que estarían solapadas y parcialmente ocultas dentro de los diagnósticos de asma bronquial y bronquitis crónica

Palabras clave:
Asma bronquial
Bronquitis crónica
Clasificación

The overlapping of function test results and clinical symptoms of airway diseases makes it difficult to differentiate sub-categories of diagnoses. Our aim was to identify “occult” categories within the traditional diagnostic labels for bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. We studied 211 patients with those diagnoses by lung function testing (spirometry), variability of obstruction (bronchodilator test, peak expiratory flow, and bronchial challenge testing), atopy (prick test, total serum IgE), biological parameters (eosinophil count), frequency of smoking and symptoms. Multivariant analysis was used to group the data (Quick Cluster) and reclassify the subjects based on the selected parametric clusters with factorial analysis of the principal components. This analysis allowed us to identify four types of patients by diagnosis (atopic asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, simple chronic bronchitis and hyperresponsive chronic bronchitis) which we consider to represent the diagnostic categories with clinical relevance and which would overlap and be partially overshadowed by the diagnoses of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis

Key words:
Bronchial asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Classification
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