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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bronchiectasis &#40;BE&#41; is the third most prevalent chronic inflammatory airway disease&#44; after asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41;&#44; and it is closely related to both&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a> It is usually presented as a clinical syndrome characterized by coughing&#44; daily expectoration&#44; and recurring episodes &#40;exacerbations&#41; of an infectious profile<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> In February 2015&#44; the Spanish Registry of Bronchiectasis &#40;RIBRON&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> began to collect information and now has a well-characterized series of more than 2000 patients that makes it possible to conduct large-scale studies&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both the number and severity of the exacerbations in BE patients have been shown to have a negative impact on the disease&#39;s natural history&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;15</span></a> In fact&#44; some authors have mentioned the possible existence of a group of patients who share similar clinical pictures&#44; prognoses&#44; and treatments as a result of a particularly high number of exacerbations &#40;&#8220;exacerbator phenotype&#8221;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; a number of BE patients present an increase in some markers of systemic inflammation&#44; which has been associated with greater severity of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a> One of the inflammatory biomarkers most extensively studied is C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> An increase in the systemic concentration of this molecule has been associated with greater severity of asthma&#44; COPD&#44; and cystic fibrosis &#40;CF&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#8211;27</span></a> However&#44; data on the relationship between the concentration of CRP in clinically stable state and BE is still scarce&#44; particularly with respect to the number and severity of exacerbations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Our working hypothesis is based on the fact that&#44; as in the case of other inflammatory airway diseases&#44; the peripheral concentration of CRP could be related to a greater number and severity of future exacerbations of BE&#46; Thus&#44; its evaluation in a stable phase of the disease may have a clinical application in such patients&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the present study is therefore to analyze the prognostic capacity of the peripheral levels of ultra-sensitive CRP &#40;henceforth&#44; CRP&#41; on the frequency and severity of the exacerbations in a large series of BE patients taken from the RIBRON registry when they were in a clinically stable state&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Study Design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prospective&#44; observational&#44; multicenter study of a cohort derived from the Spanish BE registry &#40;RIBRON&#41;&#46; This registry started in February 2015 and involves 43 centers from Spain&#46; It includes adult patients diagnosed with BE by means of high-resolution computerized tomography &#40;HRCT&#41;&#44; with annual data on all of them and a monthly control of the quality of the data&#44; undertaken by an outside company&#44; to avoid any missing data&#46; The cut-off point selected for the analyses of the present study was February 2019&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Patients</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the time of the analysis data was available on 2039 patients&#46; The criteria for inclusion were patients with BE with data available from at least one year of follow-up and at least one baseline measurement of the peripheral levels of CRP in conditions of clinical stability&#46; Clinical stability was defined as at least 4 weeks free of an exacerbation period&#46; The main criterion for exclusion was a diagnosis of CF&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the patients included in the present investigation were informed about the purpose of the registry and any potential derived studies&#44; and they gave their written informed consent in their corresponding participating center&#44; as provided by the local ethics committee affiliated with the registry &#40;number&#58;001-2012&#46; Hospital Josep Trueta&#46; Girona&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Variables</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The RIBRON registry covers a wide range of both cross-sectional and longitudinal variables&#46; The following were used for the purposes of this study&#58; general and anthropometric data&#59; etiology&#59; scales of severity&#59; lung function&#59; treatments&#59; number and severity of exacerbations&#59; and analytical&#44; radiological&#44; and microbiological data&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To be included in the registry&#44; an exacerbation was defined as a worsening of the typical symptoms of BE&#58; cough&#59; dyspnea&#59; hemoptysis&#59; increase in the volume or purulence of the sputum&#59; chest pain&#59; or sibilance with an evolution of more than 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h for which antibiotic treatment was required&#46; In terms of severity&#44; we classified the exacerbations into two subgroups&#58; mild-moderate&#44; if the patients needed oral antibiotics&#59; and severe&#44; in cases where hospital admittance or intravenous antibiotic treatment was required&#44; even if the latter was administered at home &#40;home hospitalization&#41;&#46; Chronic bronchial infection &#40;CBI&#41; was defined as the presence of Three or more consecutive cultures positive for the same PPM&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Measurement of the Plasmatic Concentration of Ultrasensitive CRP</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CRP levels were determined in serum samples from all the study patients using immunoturbidimetry&#46; Briefly&#44; CRP levels were detected with the CRPL3 kit &#40;Roche Diagnostics&#44; Indianapolis&#44; IN&#44; USA&#41; in a COBAS&#174; 8000 modular analyzer &#40;Roche Diagnostics&#41;&#44; in which the samples were processed automatically&#46; A standard curve was generated with each assay run&#46; Intra and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 0&#46;6&#37; to 3&#46;7&#37; in all cases&#46; The minimum detectable concentration of serum CRP was set to be less than 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#46; CRP concentration was measured when patients were included in the registry for the baseline analysis in a clinically stable phase&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quantitative variables were tabulated in terms of their mean &#40;standard deviation&#41; or median &#40;interquartile range&#41; according to their distribution&#46; Qualitative variables were evaluated according to their relative frequency in percentage&#46; The distribution of the variables was evaluated according to the Kolgomorov&#8211;Smirnov test&#46; A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic value of the concentration of CRP with the greatest risk of an exacerbation &#40;whether mild-moderate or severe&#41; during the first year of follow-up&#46; The variables used as confounders in the model were chosen by the authors because&#44; according to the existing literature&#44; they were thought the ones that could have a clinical impact on this relationship&#58; age&#59; gender&#59; presence of CBI by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> &#40;PA&#41;&#59; presence of CBI by other PPM&#59; previous exacerbations&#59; FEV1 in percentage of predicted value&#59; the body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#59; the number of lobes affected&#59; the presence of COPD as a comorbidity&#59; the Charlson Index&#59; the administration of inhaled corticosteroids &#40;ICS&#41;&#44; macrolides or inhaled antibiotics&#59; and the degree of dyspnea according to the MRC scale&#46; Furthermore&#44; the three multidimensional scales of severity and prognosis of BE &#8211; the BSI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bronchiectasis severity Index</span>&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> E-FACED&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> and FACED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> &#8211; were also considered in a separate logistic regression analysis&#46; In order to make the results easier for the reader to interpret&#44; CRP was analyzed in tertiles&#46; Moreover&#44; a tree of the probability of severe exacerbation in the first year of follow-up was constructed&#44; reflecting the presence or otherwise of variables where a greater prognostic value was observed&#44; in the opinion of the authors&#44; in either clinical or statistical terms&#46; Risk was quantified according to the OR and the CI95&#37;&#46; In all cases&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05 was considered significant&#46; All the analyses were carried out by means of the SPSS package&#44; version 21 &#40;USA&#44; Chicago&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patient characteristics at baseline are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Of the 2039 patients included in the RIBRON at the time of the analysis&#44; 802 &#40;39&#46;3&#37;&#41; were valid for the purposes of the study &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The patients who were not included presented CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>165&#41;&#44; or they had not yet completed a year of follow-up in the registry &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1030&#41;&#44; or they presented invalid or non-validated CRP values &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#41;&#46; A comparison of these patients who were not included in the study with those who were did not reveal any significant differences &#40;apart from the cases with CF&#41; &#40;data not shown&#41;&#46; The baseline characteristics of the 802 patients included in the study are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean age was 68&#46;1 &#40;11&#46;1&#41; and 65&#37; were female&#46; The most common etiology was post-infection &#40;42&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; CBI by PA was found in 25&#46;8&#37; of the patients&#46; The mean value &#40;SD&#41; of the CRP concentration was 6&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L &#40;17&#46;6&#41;&#46; 33&#46;8&#37; of the patients had more than two exacerbations and 13&#37; had at least one severe exacerbation during this first year of follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the comparative characteristics between patients depending on the CRP concentration &#40;in tertiles&#41;&#46; Those patients who presented in its third tertile presented more severity&#44; worse lung function&#44; increased percentage of CBI by PA and higher number of exacerbations&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The multivariate logistic regression analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41; shows the variables independently associated with an increase in the risk of severe exacerbations in the future&#46; There was a linear relationship between the tertiles of rising values of CRP and a higher risk of severe exacerbations&#46; Thus&#44; the tertile with the greatest concentration presented a 4&#46;2 times greater risk of presenting a severe exacerbation in the first year of the follow-up than the control group &#40;first tertile&#41;&#46; No prognostic capacity was observed in gender &#40;OR 0&#46;7 &#91;95&#37;CI&#58; 0&#46;5&#8211;1&#46;3&#93;&#41;&#44; radiological extension &#40;OR 1&#46;1 &#91;0&#46;88&#8211;1&#46;4&#93;&#41;&#44; the Charlson Index &#40;OR 1&#46;1 &#91;0&#46;9&#8211;1&#46;2&#93;&#41;&#44; or any of the treatments analyzed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the values of the concentration of CRP were not associated with any increase in the future risk of mild-moderate exacerbations&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moreover&#44; other variables such as the degree of dyspnea&#44; lung function&#44; and previous severe exacerbations did present a significant prognostic value for future exacerbations&#44; independently of the severity of the exacerbation&#46; However&#44; CBI by PA&#44; like the CRP value&#44; was only associated with severe exacerbations&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> shows that those patients who presented CPR in its third tertile&#44; CBI by PA and at least one severe exacerbation in the previous year presented a 40&#37; probability of presenting at least one severe exacerbation in the coming year&#59; in contrast&#44; this probability was 1&#37; in patients with none of these three characteristics &#40;OR&#58; 51&#46;5 &#91;CI95&#37;&#58;11&#8211;242&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> shows how the prognostic capacity for at least one severe exacerbation in the first year of follow-up of the value of the CRP concentration&#44; measured in accordance with the usual multidimensional scales&#44; remained constant regardless of the severity of the BE&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the results of our study&#44; which was carried out in a large&#44; well-characterized cohort of BE patients taken from the RIBRON&#44; peripheral CRP concentration presented a significant independent prognostic value for future severe exacerbations&#44; but not for mild-moderate exacerbations&#46; This risk presented a linear relationship&#44; so the higher the CRP concentration&#44; the greater the risk of a severe exacerbation&#46; We believe that this finding&#44; could have an important application in clinical practice&#44; as it allows a clinician to predict which patients &#40;while free of an exacerbation process&#41; will have the greatest risk of experiencing a severe exacerbation of their disease in the future&#59; this knowledge would therefore make it possible to anticipate any necessary preventive and therapeutic measures&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exacerbations&#44; particularly severe ones&#44; are a key factor when it comes to evaluating the severity or prognosis of BE&#46; It is hardly surprising&#44; therefore&#44; that they appear&#44; with a relatively substantial weight&#44; in some of the recently published multidimensional scores on BE&#44; such as the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bronchiectasis Severity Index &#40;BSI&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E</span>-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FACED</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> and they have been associated with a more marked decline in lung function&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> as occur in other airway diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> This implies that these easily measurable factors that prognosticate which patients are more susceptible to presenting frequent or severe exacerbations could be extremely useful in clinical practice&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is well-established that a considerable percentage of BE patients present a degree of systemic inflammation&#44; as measured by the peripheral concentration of molecules such as neutrophilic elastase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> The most widely accepted hypothesis is that these patients present a more severe form of the disease&#44; as the appearance of this systemic inflammation has been associated with a greater degree of local inflammation and with various factors associated with a poor prognosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a> However&#44; although systemic inflammation has been widely studied as a prognostic factor for exacerbations in other airway diseases&#44; such as COPD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a> and CF&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#44;37</span></a> very little information is available in this respect on BE&#44; particularly as regards CRP&#46; In fact&#44; there has only been one small retrospective study in 69 patients&#44; which found that a CRP concentration &#62;4&#46;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L was significantly associated with a higher percentage of patients with at least two hospitalizations in the previous year&#46; Only idiopathic BE was included&#44; however&#44; and the small number of patients makes it impossible to draw any valid conclusions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results point in the same direction as studies undertaken on COPD and CF&#44; as a higher peripheral concentration of CRP was associated with a higher risk of future exacerbations&#44; after adjusting the results for variables with a proven predictive value or associated with exacerbations in BE&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#8211;35</span></a> In fact&#44; a CRP value between 0&#46;4 and 2&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#44; or higher than 2&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#44; multiplied by 2&#46;9 and 4&#46;2 times&#44; respectively&#44; the risk of a severe exacerbation in the following year&#44; compared to the control group&#46; If this high risk of severe exacerbations in association with a high CRP value is combined with other clinically significant high-risk variables&#44; such as the presence of a CBI by PA or previous severe exacerbations &#40;both variables with a known prognostic value for exacerbations of BE&#41;&#44; the resulting information could be clinically relevant&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#46; For example&#44; those patients with a CRP &#62;2&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L and a CBI by PA in a clinically stable phase who had had at least one hospitalization in the previous year presented a 51 times greater probability of a future hospitalization than those who did no present any of these three characteristics &#40;40&#37; of possibilities versus 1&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; this prognostic capacity of CRP values with respect to future severe exacerbations was independent of the severity of BE as evaluated by traditional scores&#44; which indicates that this easily obtainable and interpretable biomarker could provide prognostic data that would complement the information already provided by these scores&#44; particularly the BSI and E-FACED&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be noted&#44; however&#44; that the CRP concentration did not present any prognostic value for mild-moderate exacerbations&#46; This finding could mean that CRP is indeed exclusively a marker of severe forms of exacerbation&#44; but it could also mean that some mild-moderate exacerbations could have passed unnoticed or unrecorded in the registry&#44; thereby rendering the analysis less trustworthy in this respect&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two of the strengths of our study are undoubtedly the considerable number of patients included and their good characterization&#44; reflecting their presence on a national registry with strict quality control measures&#46; Another strength is the study&#39;s multicenter nature&#44; as it involved 43 different centers from the whole of Spain&#46; The study also presents some limitations&#44; however&#46; On the one hand&#44; only 42&#46;8&#37; of the total number of patients could be analyzed&#44; largely because many did not reach the end of the first year of the follow-up &#8211; although the latter&#39;s baseline characteristics were analyzed and did not diverge from those of the patients who were finally included&#46; On the other hand&#44; it is well-known that the CRP value is very unspecific since&#44; as an acute-phase reactant&#44; it can produce a high reading in many patients as a result of a number of inflammatory or infectious diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> This is why great caution was taken to extract patients&#8217; blood when they were in a clinically stable state with respect to both BE and any other disease that could alter their levels of CRP&#44; beyond the etiology of BE itself&#46; Finally&#44; since this is data from a non-controlled source&#44; there are bias that cannot be ascertained such as differences in the classification of exacerbations between or even within centers&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; CRP concentration&#44; especially above 2&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#44; is a good prognostic marker of severe exacerbations in patients with BE&#44; regardless of its severity&#46; As CRP is readily available and easy to measure&#44; its evaluation in conjunction with other clinically relevant variables can enable clinicians to make an early identification of patients with a greater probability of severe exacerbations in the future and implement any necessary preventive and therapeutic measures&#46; Future studies based on other national or international registries are required for the external validation of our results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Role of Sponsors</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Development of electronic databases&#44; costs of statistical analysis&#44; and translation of the manuscript&#46; There was no intervention by the sponsor in the design of the study&#44; collection and analysis of data&#44; or writing of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Authors&#8217; Contributions to Study</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concept and design&#58; TP and MAMG</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acquisition of data&#58; GO&#44; CV&#44; YD&#44; RG&#44; CO&#44; LM&#44; MGC&#44; OS&#44; RG&#44; JR&#44; EB&#44;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JLR&#44; RM&#44; CP&#44; DR</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Drafting of manuscript and critical revision of major intellectual content&#58; All authors&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Final approval of the version to be published&#58; All authors&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Funding</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RIBRON has a grant from <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Zambon-Pharma</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflict of Interest</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Role of Sponsors"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Authors&#8217; Contributions to Study"
        ]
        11 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        12 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of Interest"
        ]
        13 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack510684"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
        ]
        14 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2019-09-09"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2019-12-15"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1330190"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Bronchiectasis"
            1 => "C-reactive protein"
            2 => "Exacerbation"
            3 => "Hospitalization"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1330189"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Bronquiectasias"
            1 => "Prote&#237;na C reactiva"
            2 => "Exacerbaci&#243;n"
            3 => "Hospitalizaci&#243;n"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Both systemic inflammation and exacerbations have been associated with greater severity of bronchiectasis&#46; Our objective was to analyze the prognostic value of the peripheral concentration of C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41; for the number and severity of exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients from the Spanish Bronchiectasis Registry &#40;RIBRON&#41; with valid data on their CRP value &#40;in a clinically stable phase&#41; and valid data on exacerbations during the first year of follow-up were included&#46; A logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the CRP concentration &#40;divided into tertiles&#41; with the presence of at least one severe exacerbation or at least two mild-moderate exacerbations during the first year of follow-up&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">802 patients &#40;mean age&#58; 68&#46;1 &#91;11&#46;1 years&#93;&#44; 65&#37; female&#41; were included&#46; Of these&#44; 33&#46;8&#37; and 13&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; presented &#8805;2 mild-moderate exacerbations or at least one severe exacerbation during the first year of follow-up&#46; The mean value of the CRP was 6&#46;5 &#40;17&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#41;&#46; Patients with a CRP value between 0&#46;4 and 2&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L &#40;second tertile&#41; and &#8805;2&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L &#40;third tertile&#41; presented a 2&#46;9 &#40;95&#37;CI&#58; 1&#46;4&#8211;5&#46;9&#41; and 4&#46;2 &#40;95&#37;CI&#58; 2&#46;2&#8211;8&#46;2&#41; times greater probability&#44; respectively&#44; of experiencing a severe exacerbation than those with &#60;0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L &#40;control group&#41;&#44; regardless of bronchiectasis severity or a history of previous exacerbations&#46; However&#44; the CRP value did not present any prognostic value for the number of mild-moderate exacerbations&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The CRP value was associated with a greater risk of future severe exacerbations but not with mild or moderate exacerbations in patients with steady-state bronchiectasis&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Background"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Contexto general</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tanto la inflamaci&#243;n sist&#233;mica como las exacerbaciones se han asociado con una mayor gravedad de las bronquiectasias&#46; Nuestro objetivo fue analizar el valor de la concentraci&#243;n en sangre perif&#233;rica de prote&#237;na C reactiva &#40;PCR&#41; para predecir el n&#250;mero y la gravedad de las exacerbaciones en pacientes con bronquiectasias&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron pacientes del Registro Espa&#241;ol de Pacientes con Bronquiectasias &#40;RIBRON&#41; con datos v&#225;lidos sobre sus niveles de PCR &#40;en fase cl&#237;nicamente estable&#41; y datos v&#225;lidos sobre exacerbaciones durante el primer a&#241;o de seguimiento&#46; Se utiliz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica para evaluar el valor pron&#243;stico de la concentraci&#243;n de PCR &#40;dividida en terciles&#41; con la presencia de al menos una exacerbaci&#243;n grave o al menos dos exacerbaciones leves-moderadas durante el primer a&#241;o de seguimiento&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 802 pacientes &#40;edad media&#58; 68&#44;1 &#91;11&#44;1&#93; a&#241;os&#44; 65&#37; mujeres&#41;&#46; De ellos&#44; el 33&#44;8&#37; y el 13&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#44; presentaron &#8805;2 exacerbaciones leves-moderadas o al menos una exacerbaci&#243;n grave durante el primer a&#241;o de seguimiento&#46; El valor medio de la PCR fue de 6&#44;5 &#40;17&#44;6&#41; mg&#47;L&#46; Los pacientes con un valor de PCR entre 0&#44;4 y 2&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L &#40;segundo tercil&#41; y &#8805;2&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L &#40;tercer tercil&#41; presentaron 2&#44;9 veces &#40;IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;4-5&#44;9&#41; y 4&#44;2 veces &#40;IC 95&#37;&#58; 2&#44;2-8&#44;2&#41; m&#225;s probabilidad&#44; respectivamente&#44; de experimentar una exacerbaci&#243;n grave que aquellos con &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L &#40;grupo de control&#41;&#44; independientemente de la gravedad de las bronquiectasias o de presentar antecedentes de exacerbaciones previas&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el valor de la PCR no present&#243; ninguna utilidad pron&#243;stica para el n&#250;mero de exacerbaciones leves-moderadas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El valor de la PCR se asoci&#243; a un mayor riesgo de exacerbaciones graves en el futuro&#44; pero no a las exacerbaciones leves o moderadas en pacientes con bronquiectasias en fase estable&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Contexto general"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9674;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">The members of the Spanish Registry of Bronchiectasis Group &#40;RIBRON&#41; are in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0070">Appendix A</a>&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn0005"
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Annie Navarro Rolon&#46; Hospital Mutua Terrassa&#46; Barcelona&#59; Patricia Minguez&#46; Hospital Puerta de Hierro&#46; Madrid&#59; Rosanel Amaro&#46; Hospital Clinic&#46; Barcelona&#59; Angela Cervera&#46; Hospital General&#46; Valencia&#59; Marina Blanco&#46; Hospital A Coru&#241;a&#59; Ainhoa Gomez&#46; Hospital Cruces&#46; Bilbao&#59; Eleuterio Llorca&#46; Hospital de Elda&#46; Alicante&#59; Alicia Padilla&#46; Hospital de Marbella&#46; Malaga&#59; Edmundo Rosales&#46; Hospital General de Catalu&#241;a&#46; Barcelona&#59; Laura Carrasco&#46; Hospital Virgen del Rocio&#46; Sevilla&#59; Marcelo Razquin&#46; Fundaci&#243; Hospital de Nens&#46; Barcelona&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Spanish Registry of Bronchiectasis Group"
            "identificador" => "sec0070"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:8 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1467
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow-chart of the study&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tree of probability of future severe exacerbation according to the combination of different predictive variables&#46;</p> <p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CRP&#46; C-reactive protein &#40;mg&#47;L&#41;&#59; CBI&#58; Chronic bronchial infection&#59; PA&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa&#46;</span></p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
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                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;1 &#40;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiology</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Post-infectious&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>BSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EFACED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;2 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FACED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;6 &#40;1&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FEV1&#44; L and &#37; predicted&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L &#40;72&#37; predicted&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic bronchial infection by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; aeruginosa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pulmonary lobes affected&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;9 &#40;1&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Charlson Index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99 &#40;0&#46;98&#8211;0&#46;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;5 &#40;1&#46;1&#8211;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;44 &#40;1&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CRP &#40;mg&#47;L&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1st tertile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;87 &#40;0&#46;52&#8211;1&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3rd tertile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;12 &#40;0&#46;7&#8211;1&#46;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;1 &#40;7&#46;7&#8211;20&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CRP &#40;mg&#47;L&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1st tertile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;2 &#40;2&#46;3&#8211;7&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Model with EFACED</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EFACED</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mild&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;4 &#40;1&#46;9&#8211;5&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;1 &#40;5&#46;7&#8211;21&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CRP &#40;mg&#47;L&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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