Scientific Letter
Foreign Body in the Airways. A Clinical Case and Review of the Literature
Cuerpo extraño en vía aérea. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
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Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "399" "paginaFinal" => "401" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Foreign Body in the Airways. A Clinical Case and Review of the Literature" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2823 "Ancho" => 1591 "Tamanyo" => 462182 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A) Radiografías de tórax. Material radiopaco ubicado en el bronquio principal izquierdo y posteriormente en el bronquio principal derecho. B) Videobroncoscopia. Granuloma en la zona proximal del tubo de la cánula. Tapón mucoso en dicho extremo que obstruye parcialmente la luz. C) Broncoscopia rígida. Retirada del tubo de la cánula con exclusión del granuloma gracias a la lengüeta del broncoscopio para evitar el sangrado. D) Fotografía. Tubo de cánula de plata de 6 cm de longitud. E) Videobroncoscopia. 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Is It Here to Stay?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "401" "paginaFinal" => "402" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium malmoense</span>, ¿ha llegado para quedarse?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1411 "Ancho" => 955 "Tamanyo" => 107736 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chest CT. (A) Image of sequelae from previous tuberculous process, with signs of volume loss in both upper lobes and parenchymal scars with large cavitation in right apex. (B) View of multiple bilateral and diffuse nodules, some cavitated, and micronodular tree-in-bud pattern in right lower lobe and middle lobe, associated with the current infectious process.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Francisco José Laso del Hierro, Pablo López Yeste, Alba Naya Prieto, María del Pilar Carballosa de Miguel, Jaime Esteban Moreno, Felipe Villar Álvarez" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco José" "apellidos" => "Laso del Hierro" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pablo" "apellidos" => "López Yeste" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alba" "apellidos" => "Naya Prieto" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María del Pilar" "apellidos" => "Carballosa de Miguel" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jaime" "apellidos" => "Esteban Moreno" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Felipe" "apellidos" => "Villar Álvarez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0300289620300053" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2019.12.022" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289620300053?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S157921292030094X?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000005600000006/v1_202006030729/S157921292030094X/v1_202006030729/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212920300926" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2019.12.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "2368" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2020;56:398-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>" "titulo" => "Descriptive Study of the Effect of Methodology in the Measurement of Sniff Nasal Inspiratory Pressure (SNIP) in a Healthy Population" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "398" "paginaFinal" => "399" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Estudio descriptivo sobre la influencia de la metodología en la medición de la fuerza inspiratoria máxima en nariz (SNIP) en población sana" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana Balañá Corberó, Mireia Admetllo, Antonio Sancho-Muñoz, Mariela Alvarado, Joaquim Gea, Pilar Ausin, Juana Martínez Llorens" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Balañá Corberó" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mireia" "apellidos" => "Admetllo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antonio" "apellidos" => "Sancho-Muñoz" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mariela" "apellidos" => "Alvarado" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Joaquim" "apellidos" => "Gea" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pilar" "apellidos" => "Ausin" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juana" "apellidos" => "Martínez Llorens" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0300289619306180" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2019.12.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289619306180?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212920300926?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000005600000006/v1_202006030729/S1579212920300926/v1_202006030729/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>" "titulo" => "Foreign Body in the Airways. 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Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2823 "Ancho" => 1591 "Tamanyo" => 462182 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Chest X-rays. Radiopaque material located in the left main bronchus and subsequently in the right main bronchus. (B) Video-assisted bronchoscopy. Granuloma in the proximal area of the cannula tube. Mucosal plug at the proximal end partially obstructing the lumen. (C) Rigid bronchoscopy. Removing the tube from the cannula pushing aside the granuloma with the bronchoscope tip to prevent bleeding. (D) Photography. Silver cannula tube 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in length. (E) Video-assisted bronchoscopy. Distal granuloma that trapped the cannula tube in the lung base.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tracheostomy is a procedure performed in several areas of medicine such as difficult weaning or laryngeal cancer. It is a safe process, although early complications can include obstruction of the tracheostomy tube, hemorrhage and pneumothorax, while late complications include granuloma formation, secondary stenosis, and tracheoesophageal fistula formation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In this clinical case report, we describe a very late and unusual complication involving breakage and aspiration of a tracheostomy tube. We also include a literature review and recommendations for tracheostomy care.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our patient was a 68-year-old man, former smoker with significant tobacco use, consumption of 3 liters of beer/day, multiple traumas including fractures of the olecranon, tibia and fibula, multiple ribs, etc., poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma of the larynx, for which total laryngectomy and bilateral node dissection was performed, with subsequent tracheostomy at the age of 54, and probable COPD unconfirmed by respiratory function tests, with multiple exacerbations starting in November 2017.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He was admitted to the internal medicine department for a new episode of exacerbation and possible osteomyelitis of the first right toe, due to a cutaneous superinfection. An interdepartmental consultation with the pulmonology unit was requested to assess the possibility of performing an MRI with a bronchial prosthesis. We evaluated the patient, who was conscious during the examination, showing no work of breathing or stridor. His vital signs were normal, and his tracheostoma had a good appearance. We observed a normally positioned silver cannula in perfect condition, which the patient reported to be the second pair, since he had lost the first. No wheezing or hypophonesis was auscultated in pulmonary fields. The chest X-ray performed on admission was reviewed, and a radiopaque foreign body intubating the right main bronchus was observed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A). This foreign body could be seen in X-rays from at least 2 years previously, coinciding with the time that the patient began to present more frequent exacerbations, and changes in the location of the tube over time were also seen (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Knowing that the foreign body was not a bronchial prosthesis, a flexible bronchoscopy was performed in the respiratory endoscopy unit, confirming that the foreign body visualized in the chest X-ray was a silver cannula tube that had detached from the neck plate; it was lodged in large proximal granuloma, and was intubating the right main bronchus (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B). A rigid bronchoscopy was planned for extraction of the tube in the operating room under general anesthesia and jet ventilation. Intubation was performed via the stoma, and the foreign body was identified and removed with toothed forceps (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>C). The silver cannula tube measured 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and had a sharp proximal edge corresponding to the area where it had been welded to the base of the neck plate. The distal area was examined, and another granuloma associated with the distal end of the metal tube was observed in the lateral wall of the intermediate bronchus (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>E). There were no complications in the immediate postoperative period. The patient was discharged the next day with a silver cannula and oral treatment for his soft tissue infection.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tracheostomy tube fracture and aspiration is an uncommon complication that was first described in 1960.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Since then, several cases have been published in the literature, most significantly a series of 9 patients published in 1987.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Factors that appear to predispose to tracheostomy tubes fracturing are: patient lost to medical follow-up, the materials used to produce the tracheostomy tube, development or design defects, aging of the material, chemical reactions in the material due to bronchial secretions, and methods of care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–7</span></a> The material least liable to fracture appears to be PVC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> If metal tubes, currently the most common for prolonged tracheostomy, are required, stainless steel tubes appear to be less susceptible to corrosion and more economical than silver cannulas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The areas of greatest fragility of the cannula appear to be the junction between the tube and the neck plate, the end of the tube, and the fenestration zone.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It is essential that patients receive adequate advice regarding tracheostomy care and are closely followed up.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our case, we were initially suspicious that the section we removed was the internal cannula of the tracheostomy, but we were later able to verify that it was the external cannula itself. Although aging and deterioration of the tracheostomy tube appear to be important factors to bear in mind, we suspect that the precipitating factor in this patient was his tendency to suffer injuries, most probably in relation to his alcohol habit. We are unaware of the quality of tracheostomy care performed by the patient. The composition of the tracheostomy tube was exclusively silver. No darkening or change in the color of the cannula was observed in images obtained after extraction, suggesting that the weakening of the cannula material was not due to changes of a chemical nature.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients are often asymptomatic, so time to diagnosis can vary. The acute clinical picture consists of dyspnea and respiratory distress,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> while chronic cough, chest discomfort, hemoptysis, repeat infections, etc. can also occur.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,12</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chest X-ray is the simplest diagnostic test and is useful for visualizing the location of the foreign body, which is most frequently the right main bronchus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Rigid bronchoscopy is the procedure of choice for the removal of the cannula, as it ensures adequate airway protection, ventilation, and a larger working channel.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, tracheostomy tube fracture is an unusual complication. It is less common with PVC tubes, but if metal cannulas are used, stainless steel tubes are less susceptible to corrosion. Tracheostomy tubes must be cared for according to the approved instructions to prevent weakening. A clear timetable for follow-up and replacing parts should also be established.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Revuelta-Salgado F, García-Luján R, Pina-Maiquez I, Margallo-Iribarnegaray J, Verdejo-Gómez MA, de Miguel-Campo B, et al. Cuerpo extraño en vía aérea. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura. Arch Bronconeumol. 2020;56:399–401.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2823 "Ancho" => 1591 "Tamanyo" => 462182 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Chest X-rays. Radiopaque material located in the left main bronchus and subsequently in the right main bronchus. (B) Video-assisted bronchoscopy. Granuloma in the proximal area of the cannula tube. Mucosal plug at the proximal end partially obstructing the lumen. (C) Rigid bronchoscopy. Removing the tube from the cannula pushing aside the granuloma with the bronchoscope tip to prevent bleeding. (D) Photography. Silver cannula tube 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in length. (E) Video-assisted bronchoscopy. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
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| 2024 November | 5 | 5 | 10 |
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| 2022 December | 65 | 29 | 94 |
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