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a computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scan of the chest was performed that showed a spiculated nodule measuring 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in the anterior segment of right upper lobe &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; in contact with the pleura&#44; and with retraction of the adjacent horizontal fissure&#46; Laboratory blood tests &#40;biochemistry&#44; including total proteins&#44; immunoglobulins&#44; serum proteins&#44; free light chain index&#44; complete blood count&#44; and coagulation&#41; were normal&#46; A positron emission tomography &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;CT&#41; showed a solid hypermetabolic nodule &#40;spiculated SUVmax 7&#46;5&#41; measuring 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in punctiform contact with the pleura and fissure&#44; suggestive of primary neoplastic etiology &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Multiple hypermetabolic bone lesions of lytic component were observed at the distal end of the right clavicle &#40;SUVmax 8&#46;4&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and in the D3 vertebral body&#44; and lesions with a blastic appearance were seen in the left femoral head&#47;neck union &#40;SUVmax 12&#41;&#46; These lesions were initially thought to have a metastatic origin&#46; Moreover&#44; an irregular tracer distribution was described in other bony structures that could not be attributed to morphological lesions&#44; and discrete metabolic activity was detected in the sternal manubrium&#44; so a secondary etiology could not be ruled out&#46; A CT-guided transthoracic biopsy of the lung lesion was then performed&#44; which was positive for adenocarcinoma of pulmonary origin&#46; To complete staging &#40;T1BN0Mx&#41;&#44; we decided to obtain a biopsy of the lytic lesion in the right clavicle&#46; This was positive for plasma cell cancer&#44; consistent with plasmacytoma&#47;multiple myeloma &#40;MM&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After receiving the results of the bone biopsy&#44; the disease was reevaluated&#44; showing stable MC &#40;6&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l&#41;&#44; with no other laboratory abnormalities&#46; A 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urine study was negative&#44; and bone marrow aspirate showed 15 &#37; infiltration of plasma cells with atypical morphology &#40;anisocytosis with predominance of large&#44; multinucleated cells&#44; occasionally with visible nucleoli&#41;&#44; irregularly distributed&#44; with areas of abnormal phenotype of up to 25 &#37;&#46; The study was completed with a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41; scan that showed focal lesions in the T3 vertebral body and in the distal end of the right clavicle&#44; highly suggestive of an infiltrative process&#44; with a suspicion of diffuse spinal medullary infiltration in the T4-L4 segment&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was diagnosed with concomitant lung adenocarcinoma T1BN0M0 &#40;TNM 7th edition&#41; and MGUS transformed to symptomatic IgG lambda-type oligosecretory multiple myeloma with bone involvement&#44; ISS stage 1&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient had IgG lambda MGUS&#44; an entity that occurs at a prevalence of 1&#8211;3 &#37;&#46; It is defined as the incidental finding of a monoclonal component in serum in a patient without diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma&#44; Waldenstr&#246;m macroglobulinemia&#44; amyloidosis&#44; or other lymphoproliferative disorders&#44; and must meet the following diagnostic criteria&#58; serum MC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l&#44; plasma cells in bone marrow &#60;10 &#37;&#44; and absence of lesions in target organs &#40;CRAB criteria&#58; hypercalcemia&#44; renal failure&#44; anemia&#44; bone lesions&#44; amyloidosis&#41;&#46; The risk of progression to multiple myeloma or amyloidosis is 1 &#37; per year&#44; with a real probability of malignant transformation at 20 years of 11 &#37;&#46; Factors associated with a greater risk of progression are the level of MC&#44; IgA type&#44; altered free light chain index &#40;kappa&#47;lambda&#41;&#44; progressive type&#44; and presence of aberrant phenotype in &#62;90 &#37; of plasma cells in the bone marrow&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple myeloma is characterized by &#62;10 &#37; bone marrow infiltration by plasma cells that secrete MC in serum and&#47;or urine&#44; along with cytokines that can cause bone lesions&#46; Incidence is 3&#8211;5 cases&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#47;year&#44; and the average age of patients is 65 years&#46; Symptomatic multiple myeloma is defined as the presence of MC in serum and&#47;or urine&#44; plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow or plasmacytoma and evidence of organ damage &#40;CRAB&#41;&#44; while asymptomatic multiple myeloma is defined as the presence of MC in serum and&#47;or urine and plasma cell infiltration in bone marrow&#47;plasmacytoma with no organ damage &#40;CRAB&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient received 5 sessions of stereotactic radiation therapy to the lung lesion &#40;total dose&#58; 55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy&#41;&#46; He remained disease-free at 15 months&#44; and subsequently initiated treatment with curative intent with lenalidomide and dexamethasone&#44; achieving complete MM remission after 12 cycles of treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; patients with a history of MGUS who present bone lesions &#40;although initially attributed to metastatic origin&#41; and who remain asymptomatic should undergo guided bone biopsy&#44; whenever possible&#44; to rule out metastatic disease and&#47;or progression to MM&#44; since the therapeutic approach and the prognosis of the disease vary greatly&#44; ranging from proposed palliative treatments to curative attempt&#46; In these cases&#44; multidisciplinary study and follow-up of patients is essential in order to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures&#46;</p></span>"
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Scientific Letter
Hypermetabolic bone on 18F-FDG-PET/CT in a patient with lung cancer: Is it always metastasis?
Hipercaptación ósea en
Clara Martín-Ontiyueloa,b, Albert Sánchez-Fonta,b,
Corresponding author
ASanchezF@parcdesalutmar.cat

Corresponding author.
, Eva Gimenob,c, Marina Suárez-Piñerad, Víctor Curulla,b
a Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, CIBERES, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
b IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
c Servei d’Hematologia, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
d Servei de Medicina Nuclear i Diagnòstic per Imatge, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To the Editor&#58;</span></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of 77-year-old man&#44; former smoker with a cumulative index of 50 pack-years&#44; history of dyslipidemia&#44; IgG lambda monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance &#40;MGUS&#41; &#40;monoclonal component &#91;MC&#93;&#58; 4&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l&#41; diagnosed in 2014&#44; stable&#44; with no evidence of progression&#44; monitored annually by hematology&#44; and moderate COPD&#44; non-frequent exacerbator phenotype&#44; receiving bronchodilator therapy&#44; with mMRC dyspnea grade 1&#44; and no previous admission due to exacerbation&#44; and no respiratory symptoms or accompanying constitutional syndrome&#46; In November 2017&#44; after a routine chest X-ray revealed a solitary pulmonary nodule&#44; a computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scan of the chest was performed that showed a spiculated nodule measuring 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in the anterior segment of right upper lobe &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; in contact with the pleura&#44; and with retraction of the adjacent horizontal fissure&#46; Laboratory blood tests &#40;biochemistry&#44; including total proteins&#44; immunoglobulins&#44; serum proteins&#44; free light chain index&#44; complete blood count&#44; and coagulation&#41; were normal&#46; A positron emission tomography &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;CT&#41; showed a solid hypermetabolic nodule &#40;spiculated SUVmax 7&#46;5&#41; measuring 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in punctiform contact with the pleura and fissure&#44; suggestive of primary neoplastic etiology &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Multiple hypermetabolic bone lesions of lytic component were observed at the distal end of the right clavicle &#40;SUVmax 8&#46;4&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and in the D3 vertebral body&#44; and lesions with a blastic appearance were seen in the left femoral head&#47;neck union &#40;SUVmax 12&#41;&#46; These lesions were initially thought to have a metastatic origin&#46; Moreover&#44; an irregular tracer distribution was described in other bony structures that could not be attributed to morphological lesions&#44; and discrete metabolic activity was detected in the sternal manubrium&#44; so a secondary etiology could not be ruled out&#46; A CT-guided transthoracic biopsy of the lung lesion was then performed&#44; which was positive for adenocarcinoma of pulmonary origin&#46; To complete staging &#40;T1BN0Mx&#41;&#44; we decided to obtain a biopsy of the lytic lesion in the right clavicle&#46; This was positive for plasma cell cancer&#44; consistent with plasmacytoma&#47;multiple myeloma &#40;MM&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After receiving the results of the bone biopsy&#44; the disease was reevaluated&#44; showing stable MC &#40;6&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l&#41;&#44; with no other laboratory abnormalities&#46; A 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urine study was negative&#44; and bone marrow aspirate showed 15 &#37; infiltration of plasma cells with atypical morphology &#40;anisocytosis with predominance of large&#44; multinucleated cells&#44; occasionally with visible nucleoli&#41;&#44; irregularly distributed&#44; with areas of abnormal phenotype of up to 25 &#37;&#46; The study was completed with a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41; scan that showed focal lesions in the T3 vertebral body and in the distal end of the right clavicle&#44; highly suggestive of an infiltrative process&#44; with a suspicion of diffuse spinal medullary infiltration in the T4-L4 segment&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was diagnosed with concomitant lung adenocarcinoma T1BN0M0 &#40;TNM 7th edition&#41; and MGUS transformed to symptomatic IgG lambda-type oligosecretory multiple myeloma with bone involvement&#44; ISS stage 1&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient had IgG lambda MGUS&#44; an entity that occurs at a prevalence of 1&#8211;3 &#37;&#46; It is defined as the incidental finding of a monoclonal component in serum in a patient without diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma&#44; Waldenstr&#246;m macroglobulinemia&#44; amyloidosis&#44; or other lymphoproliferative disorders&#44; and must meet the following diagnostic criteria&#58; serum MC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l&#44; plasma cells in bone marrow &#60;10 &#37;&#44; and absence of lesions in target organs &#40;CRAB criteria&#58; hypercalcemia&#44; renal failure&#44; anemia&#44; bone lesions&#44; amyloidosis&#41;&#46; The risk of progression to multiple myeloma or amyloidosis is 1 &#37; per year&#44; with a real probability of malignant transformation at 20 years of 11 &#37;&#46; Factors associated with a greater risk of progression are the level of MC&#44; IgA type&#44; altered free light chain index &#40;kappa&#47;lambda&#41;&#44; progressive type&#44; and presence of aberrant phenotype in &#62;90 &#37; of plasma cells in the bone marrow&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple myeloma is characterized by &#62;10 &#37; bone marrow infiltration by plasma cells that secrete MC in serum and&#47;or urine&#44; along with cytokines that can cause bone lesions&#46; Incidence is 3&#8211;5 cases&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#47;year&#44; and the average age of patients is 65 years&#46; Symptomatic multiple myeloma is defined as the presence of MC in serum and&#47;or urine&#44; plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow or plasmacytoma and evidence of organ damage &#40;CRAB&#41;&#44; while asymptomatic multiple myeloma is defined as the presence of MC in serum and&#47;or urine and plasma cell infiltration in bone marrow&#47;plasmacytoma with no organ damage &#40;CRAB&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient received 5 sessions of stereotactic radiation therapy to the lung lesion &#40;total dose&#58; 55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy&#41;&#46; He remained disease-free at 15 months&#44; and subsequently initiated treatment with curative intent with lenalidomide and dexamethasone&#44; achieving complete MM remission after 12 cycles of treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; patients with a history of MGUS who present bone lesions &#40;although initially attributed to metastatic origin&#41; and who remain asymptomatic should undergo guided bone biopsy&#44; whenever possible&#44; to rule out metastatic disease and&#47;or progression to MM&#44; since the therapeutic approach and the prognosis of the disease vary greatly&#44; ranging from proposed palliative treatments to curative attempt&#46; In these cases&#44; multidisciplinary study and follow-up of patients is essential in order to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Mart&#237;n-Ontiyuelo C&#44; S&#225;nchez-Font A&#44; Gimeno E&#44; Su&#225;rez-Pi&#241;era M&#44; Curull V&#46; Hipercaptaci&#243;n &#243;sea en <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;TC en paciente con c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#44; &#191;es siempre una met&#225;stasis&#63; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2020&#59;56&#58;51&#8211;52&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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