Editorial
The Historical Need for a National Tuberculosis Program for Spain
La necesidad histórica de un programa nacional de control de la tuberculosis para España
a Fundación de la Unidad de Investigación en Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
c Unión Internacional contra la Tuberculosis y Enfermedades Respiratorias (La Unión), París, France
Read
2646
Timeswas read the article
1176
Total PDF
1470
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S1579212918303380" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2018.06.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01" "aid" => "1947" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "copyrightAnyo" => "2018" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:603-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 330 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 57 "HTML" => 173 "PDF" => 100 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0300289618302783" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2018.06.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01" "aid" => "1947" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:603-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 558 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 54 "HTML" => 289 "PDF" => 215 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "La necesidad histórica de un programa nacional de control de la tuberculosis para España" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "603" "paginaFinal" => "604" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "The Historical Need for a National Tuberculosis Program for Spain" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Joan A. Caylà, José A. Caminero" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Joan A." "apellidos" => "Caylà" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José A." "apellidos" => "Caminero" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1579212918303380" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2018.06.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918303380?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289618302783?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000005400000012/v1_201812020626/S0300289618302783/v1_201812020626/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1579212918303392" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2018.06.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01" "aid" => "1951" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:605-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 359 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 66 "HTML" => 186 "PDF" => 107 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "The Latest in Endobronchial Ultrasound and Lung Cancer" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "605" "paginaFinal" => "606" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Novedades en ultrasonografía endobronquial y cáncer de pulmón" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Felipe Andreo García, Antoni Rosell Gratacós, Eduard Monsó Molas" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Felipe" "apellidos" => "Andreo García" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antoni" "apellidos" => "Rosell Gratacós" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduard" "apellidos" => "Monsó Molas" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0300289618302825" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2018.06.017" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289618302825?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918303392?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000005400000012/v1_201812020625/S1579212918303392/v1_201812020625/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1579212918303343" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2018.03.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01" "aid" => "1896" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:601-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 429 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 61 "HTML" => 250 "PDF" => 118 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Alveolar Proteinosis: The Role of Anti-GM-CSF Antibodies" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "601" "paginaFinal" => "602" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Proteinosis alveolar: rol de los anticuerpos anti-GM-CSF" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana Villar, Ricardo Rojo" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Villar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ricardo" "apellidos" => "Rojo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0300289618301704" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2018.03.017" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289618301704?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918303343?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000005400000012/v1_201812020625/S1579212918303343/v1_201812020625/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "The Historical Need for a National Tuberculosis Program for Spain" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "603" "paginaFinal" => "604" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Joan A. Caylà, José A. Caminero" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Joan A." "apellidos" => "Caylà" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "joan.cayla@uitb.cat" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "José A." "apellidos" => "Caminero" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Fundación de la Unidad de Investigación en Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unión Internacional contra la Tuberculosis y Enfermedades Respiratorias (La Unión), París, France" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La necesidad histórica de un programa nacional de control de la tuberculosis para España" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tuberculosis (TB) is still the most important human infectious disease on a global scale. In 2016, there were an estimated 10.4 million cases (incidence 136/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 inhabitants) and 1.7 million deaths,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> surpassing even the mortality rates of HIV infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Thirty European countries<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> reported an incidence of 11.4/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000, the highest of which was in Romania, with 68.9/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000. In Western Europe, Portugal and Spain stand out, with rates of 17.8/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 and 10.5/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000, respectively (4877 cases), but underreporting is common in Spain,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a> so the real incidence is higher than the officially reported figures.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The last official report on TB in Spain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> recorded an incidence in 2014 of 10.8/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 (5018 cases), and concluded that TB needs to decline at a faster rate if targets are to be reached. Measures have been proposed to reduce diagnostic delay, to improve contact tracing, treatment compliance, and to disseminate information on HIV, resistance, and risk factors. Other recommendations should also be mentioned, such as reducing underreporting of cases, ensuring universal health cover (repealing Act 16/2012 which limits healthcare for immigrants), introducing systematic use of rapid molecular tests for the diagnosis of TB and resistance,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and prescribing shorter treatments for latent tuberculosis infection (LTI), thus promoting adherence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Plan for the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Spain,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a> prepared in 2007 by a large working group from the scientific societies, autonomous communities, and representatives of the Ministry of Health, was approved by the Commission on Public Health of the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System (CISNS) on November 15, 2007, and by the CISNS itself on June 18, 2008. Although this document lays down the foundations for the control of TB, these were unfortunately not built upon, largely due to a lack of political commitment, which is a top priority in all WHO strategies. While there has been little hesitation in investing significant resources in epidemics widely reported in the media (SARS, avian flu, Ebola) that have little or no impact on health in our country, investment in TB remains lacking, despite the fact that it continues to generate thousands of cases and a number of deaths every year.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The above-mentioned Plan of 2007<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> must be updated and implemented in Spain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Currently, however, there are no full-time staff dedicated to TB programs in most of the autonomous communities, nor in central administration. According to a recent assessment of the Plan,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> 8 autonomous communities failed to meet 70% of the requirements for a satisfactory therapeutic outcome, with limited contact tracing, microbiological data, etc. If the Plan was working as intended, cases of TB and deaths would be avoided, and the suffering to patients, their families, and the entire community (high economic costs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>) caused by this ancient disease would be mitigated.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The dream is still to eliminate TB as a public health problem (less than 1 case per million inhabitants).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unfortunately, with the current epidemiological situation and measures for the control of TB, this dream cannot be realized in the short to medium term, while the WHO continues to opt for more and more ambitious strategies, such as DOTS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> in 1995, Stop TB<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> in 2006, and End TB<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> in 2014. One of the objectives of End TB is to reduce the incidence of TB by 90% between 2015 and 2035. For Spain, this would mean a shift from an estimated incidence in 2015 of 15/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 to 7.5/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 in 2025, and to 1.5/100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 (still far from 1 case per million inhabitants) in 2035 (720 cases).</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Can we achieve these goals? Spain is certainly in a position to do so, but a significant political commitment will be needed that must be translated into actions as soon as possible, as and when the Plan is updated and implemented. The effectiveness of this Plan must be demonstrated, particularly in terms of coordination of activities, epidemiological surveillance, microbiological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of LTI,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> teaching and international cooperation, without forgetting adherence to guidelines for optimal diagnosis, prevention and treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Caylà JA, Caminero JA. La necesidad histórica de un programa nacional de control de la tuberculosis para España. Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:603–604.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">This article is part of the TB Archives series 2018–2019.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:17 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "Document WHO/HTM/TB/2017.23. Available from: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0010" href="http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/">http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/</a> [accessed 15.06.18]." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global tuberculosis report 2017" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "World Health Organization" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "fecha" => "2017" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "249" "editorial" => "World Health Organization" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Geneva" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "Available from: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0015" href="https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/ecdc-tuberculosis-surveillance-monitoring-Europe-2018-19mar2018.pdf">https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/ecdc-tuberculosis-surveillance-monitoring-Europe-2018-19mar2018.pdf</a> [accessed 15.06.18]" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2018–2016 data" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO Regional Office for Europe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2018" "editorial" => "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Stockholm" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors associated with unreported tuberculosis cases in Spanish hospitals" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "Working Group on Under-reporting of Tuberculosis in Spain" "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Morales-García" 1 => "T. Rodrigo" 2 => "M.M. García-Clemente" 3 => "A. Muñoz" 4 => "P. Bermúdez" 5 => "F. Casas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12879-015-1047-0" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "295" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Capture-recapture and anti-tuberculosis drug prescriptions, Balearic Islands, Spain, 2010–2012" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Gimenez-Duran" 1 => "A. Galmés-Truyols" 2 => "T. Gonzalez-Cortijo" 3 => "M. Portell-Arbona" 4 => "C. Bosch-Isabel" 5 => "J.M. Vanrell-Berga" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "754" "paginaFinal" => "759" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "Available from: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0020" href="http://www.isciii.es/ISCIII/es/contenidos/fd-servicios-cientifico-tecnicos/fd-vigilancias-alertas/fd-enfermedades/pdf_2015/TB_Informe_2014.pdf">http://www.isciii.es/ISCIII/es/contenidos/fd-servicios-cientifico-tecnicos/fd-vigilancias-alertas/fd-enfermedades/pdf_2015/TB_Informe_2014.pdf</a> [accessed 15.06.18]" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Informe epidemiológico sobre la situación de la tuberculosis en España. Año 2014. Madrid" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:1 [ "fecha" => "2015" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF system for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB in adults and children. Policy update. World Health Organization Document WHO/HTM/TB/2013.14:1-89" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "World Health Organization" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:1 [ "fecha" => "2013" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available from: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0025" href="http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2018/latent-tuberculosis-infection/en">http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2018/latent-tuberculosis-infection/en</a> [accessed 15.06.18]" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Latent tuberculosis infection: updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2018" "editorial" => "World Health Organization" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Geneva" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Plan para la Prevención y Control de la Tubeculosis en España" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2008" "editorial" => "Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Plan para la prevención y control de la tuberculosis en España" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Grupo de Trabajo de Tuberculosis de las Sociedades Científicas, Comunidades Autónomas, Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2009.01.001" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "105" "paginaFinal" => "158" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tuberculosis clinical units improve contact tracing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Brugueras" 1 => "A. Orcau" 2 => "J.P. Millet" 3 => "L. Espinosa" 4 => "A. Andrés" 5 => "P. Gorrindo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "1572" "paginaFinal" => "1579" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "Available from: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0030" href="https://www.msssi.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/prevPromocion/PlanTuberculosis/docs/Indicadores_Seguimiento2011_2014.pdf">https://www.msssi.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/prevPromocion/PlanTuberculosis/docs/Indicadores_Seguimiento2011_2014.pdf</a> [accessed 15.06.18]" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Informe de evaluación de indicadores de seguimiento 2011–2014. Plan para la prevención y control de la tuberculosis en España" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2017" "editorial" => "Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tuberculosis costs in Spain and related factors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.A. Gullón" 1 => "J.M. García-García" 2 => "M.Á. Villanueva" 3 => "F. Álvarez-Navascues" 4 => "T. Rodrigo" 5 => "M. Casals" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2016.05.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "583" "paginaFinal" => "589" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673613622291" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Towards tuberculosis elimination: an action framework for low-incidence countries" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Lönnroth" 1 => "G.B. Migliori" 2 => "I. Abubakar" 3 => "L. D’Ambrosio" 4 => "G. de Vries" 5 => "R. Diel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00214014" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "928" "paginaFinal" => "952" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673613621054" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. What is DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course). Available from: <a id="intr0035" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.searo.who.int/tb/topics/what_dots/en">http://www.searo.who.int/tb/topics/what_dots/en</a> [accessed 15.06.18]." ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. The global plan to stop TB 2006–2015. Available from: <a id="intr0040" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.stoptb.org/global/plan/main/default.asp">http://www.stoptb.org/global/plan/main/default.asp</a> [accessed 15.06.18]." ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. The global plan to end TB 2016–2020. Available from: <a id="intr0045" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.stoptb.org/global/plan/plan2">http://www.stoptb.org/global/plan/plan2</a> [accessed 15.06.18]." ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "pii:1702678" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ERS/ECDC statement: European Union standards for tuberculosis care, 2017 update" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G.B. Migliori" 1 => "G. Sotgiu" 2 => "S. Rosales-Klintz" 3 => "R. Centis" 4 => "L. D’Ambrosio" 5 => "I. Abubakar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1183/13993003.02678-2017" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "51" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S014067361561340X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000005400000012/v1_201812020625/S1579212918303380/v1_201812020625/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "46447" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorial" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000005400000012/v1_201812020625/S1579212918303380/v1_201812020625/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918303380?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 33 | 22 | 55 |
| 2024 September | 39 | 18 | 57 |
| 2024 August | 49 | 41 | 90 |
| 2024 July | 41 | 24 | 65 |
| 2024 June | 48 | 36 | 84 |
| 2024 May | 66 | 22 | 88 |
| 2024 April | 33 | 27 | 60 |
| 2024 March | 31 | 17 | 48 |
| 2024 February | 24 | 23 | 47 |
| 2023 March | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2023 February | 31 | 16 | 47 |
| 2023 January | 20 | 21 | 41 |
| 2022 December | 39 | 25 | 64 |
| 2022 November | 56 | 17 | 73 |
| 2022 October | 45 | 36 | 81 |
| 2022 September | 32 | 22 | 54 |
| 2022 August | 30 | 36 | 66 |
| 2022 July | 26 | 36 | 62 |
| 2022 June | 20 | 30 | 50 |
| 2022 May | 35 | 33 | 68 |
| 2022 April | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| 2022 March | 37 | 33 | 70 |
| 2022 February | 28 | 40 | 68 |
| 2022 January | 24 | 24 | 48 |
| 2021 December | 22 | 38 | 60 |
| 2021 November | 30 | 52 | 82 |
| 2021 October | 34 | 46 | 80 |
| 2021 September | 28 | 39 | 67 |
| 2021 August | 24 | 30 | 54 |
| 2021 July | 15 | 20 | 35 |
| 2021 June | 33 | 31 | 64 |
| 2021 May | 32 | 40 | 72 |
| 2021 April | 62 | 57 | 119 |
| 2021 March | 46 | 26 | 72 |
| 2021 February | 28 | 21 | 49 |
| 2021 January | 31 | 18 | 49 |
| 2020 December | 26 | 14 | 40 |
| 2020 March | 31 | 6 | 37 |
| 2020 February | 53 | 11 | 64 |
| 2020 January | 44 | 14 | 58 |
| 2019 December | 16 | 17 | 33 |
| 2019 November | 20 | 15 | 35 |
| 2019 October | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2019 September | 17 | 3 | 20 |
| 2019 August | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| 2019 July | 13 | 20 | 33 |
| 2019 June | 8 | 4 | 12 |
Show all
