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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Rhinitis and asthma share an inflammatory mechanism&#44; epidemiological patterns&#44; and symptoms that affect both the nose and the bronchi&#46; The RINAIR study examined the prevalence and characteristics of rhinitis in asthma patients in Spain</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This prospective epidemiological study was carried out with the participation of 15&#37; of Spanish respiratory medicine specialists sampled randomly from different geographic areas&#46; The study population was composed of 703 asthmatic patients aged over 16 years who were enrolled between February and September 2005&#46; Patient characteristics&#44; prevalence of rhinitis&#44; lung function&#44; allergy test results&#44; and treatment of rhinitis were analyzed&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-one percent &#40;n&#61;499&#41; of the asthmatic patients had rhinitis&#46; These patients were younger &#40;43&#46;8 years vs 55&#46;4 years&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;0001&#41; and had less severe asthma &#40;forced expiratory volume in 1 second &#91;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#93;&#44; 85&#46;7&#37; vs 79&#46;7&#37; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#93;&#41; than asthmatic patients who did not have rhinitis&#46; A correlation was observed between the severity of asthma and the severity of rhinitis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; Atopy was significantly associated with rhinitis &#40;odds ratio&#44; 6&#46;25&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 4&#46;3-9&#46;1&#41;&#58; 84&#37; of atopic patients and 51&#37; of nonatopic patients had rhinitis&#46; Treatment of rhinitis was associated with an increase in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;057&#41;&#44; irrespective of sex&#44; age&#44; severity of asthma&#44; or smoking&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-one percent of asthmatic patients who attended respiratory medicine clinics had rhinitis&#46; These patients were younger and had milder asthma than asthmatics who did not have rhinitis&#46; Furthermore&#44; atopy was correlated with asthma associated with rhinitis&#46; Treatment of rhinitis tended to improve lung function&#46; These findings highlight the need to study and treat the upper and lower respiratory tract as a single airway&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Rinitis y asma est&#225;n ligadas por una epidemiolog&#237;a&#44; cl&#237;nica y mecanismo inflamatorio comunes que interrelacionan nariz y bronquio&#46; El objetivo del estudio RINAIR ha sido estudiar la prevalencia y caracter&#237;sticas de la rinitis en pacientes con asma en Espa&#241;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio epidemiol&#243;gico de car&#225;cter prospectivo con la participaci&#243;n del 15&#37; de los neum&#243;logos espa&#241;oles&#44; distribuidos aleatoriamente por &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas&#46; Se incluy&#243; a 703 asm&#225;ticos mayores de 16 a&#241;os entre febrero y septiembre de 2005&#46; Se analizaron datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; prevalencia de rinitis&#44; funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; pruebas al&#233;rgicas y tratamiento de la rinitis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un 71&#37; &#40;n &#61; 499&#41; de los asm&#225;ticos presentaba rinitis&#46; &#201;stos eran m&#225;s j&#243;venes &#40;43&#44;8 frente a 55&#44;4 a&#241;os&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41; y presentaban un asma menos grave &#8212;volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41;&#58; un 85&#44;7 frente a un 79&#44;7&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#8212; que los asm&#225;ticos sin rinitis&#46; Se observ&#243; una correlaci&#243;n entre la gravedad del asma y la gravedad de la rinitis &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La atopia se asoci&#243; significativamente con la presencia de rinitis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#61; 6&#44;25&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 4&#44;3-9&#44;1&#41;&#58; el 84&#37; de los at&#243;picos y el 51&#37; de los no at&#243;picos ten&#237;an rinitis&#46; El tratamiento de la rinitis se asoci&#243; &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;057&#41; con un incremento del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; con independencia del sexo&#44; la edad&#44; la gravedad del asma y el h&#225;bito de fumar&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un 71&#37; de los asm&#225;ticos atendidos en las consultas de neumolog&#237;a tiene rinitis&#46; Estos pacientes son m&#225;s j&#243;venes y presentan un asma m&#225;s leve que los asm&#225;ticos sin rinitis&#46; Por otro lado&#44; la atopia se relaciona con el asma asociada a rinitis&#46; El tratamiento de la rinitis tiende a mejorar funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Estos hallazgos indican la necesidad de estudiar y tratar toda la v&#237;a respiratoria de forma integral&#46;</p>"
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Original Articles
Rhinitis and Asthma Comorbidity in Spain: The RINAIR Study
José Antonio
Corresponding author
11437jac@comb.es

Correspondence: Dr J.A. Castillo Sant Joan, 10 08870 Sitges, Barcelona, Spain
, Castillo Vizuetea,b, Joaquim Mullol Miretb,c,d
a Servei d'Al·lèrgia i Pneumologia, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
b Grupo de Trabajo de Rinitis, Área de Asma, SEPAR
c Unitat de Rinologia, Servei d'ORL, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CibeRes) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Rhinitis and asthma share an inflammatory mechanism&#44; epidemiological patterns&#44; and symptoms that affect both the nose and the bronchi&#46; The RINAIR study examined the prevalence and characteristics of rhinitis in asthma patients in Spain</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This prospective epidemiological study was carried out with the participation of 15&#37; of Spanish respiratory medicine specialists sampled randomly from different geographic areas&#46; The study population was composed of 703 asthmatic patients aged over 16 years who were enrolled between February and September 2005&#46; Patient characteristics&#44; prevalence of rhinitis&#44; lung function&#44; allergy test results&#44; and treatment of rhinitis were analyzed&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-one percent &#40;n&#61;499&#41; of the asthmatic patients had rhinitis&#46; These patients were younger &#40;43&#46;8 years vs 55&#46;4 years&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;0001&#41; and had less severe asthma &#40;forced expiratory volume in 1 second &#91;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#93;&#44; 85&#46;7&#37; vs 79&#46;7&#37; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#93;&#41; than asthmatic patients who did not have rhinitis&#46; A correlation was observed between the severity of asthma and the severity of rhinitis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; Atopy was significantly associated with rhinitis &#40;odds ratio&#44; 6&#46;25&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 4&#46;3-9&#46;1&#41;&#58; 84&#37; of atopic patients and 51&#37; of nonatopic patients had rhinitis&#46; Treatment of rhinitis was associated with an increase in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;057&#41;&#44; irrespective of sex&#44; age&#44; severity of asthma&#44; or smoking&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-one percent of asthmatic patients who attended respiratory medicine clinics had rhinitis&#46; These patients were younger and had milder asthma than asthmatics who did not have rhinitis&#46; Furthermore&#44; atopy was correlated with asthma associated with rhinitis&#46; Treatment of rhinitis tended to improve lung function&#46; These findings highlight the need to study and treat the upper and lower respiratory tract as a single airway&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Rinitis y asma est&#225;n ligadas por una epidemiolog&#237;a&#44; cl&#237;nica y mecanismo inflamatorio comunes que interrelacionan nariz y bronquio&#46; El objetivo del estudio RINAIR ha sido estudiar la prevalencia y caracter&#237;sticas de la rinitis en pacientes con asma en Espa&#241;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio epidemiol&#243;gico de car&#225;cter prospectivo con la participaci&#243;n del 15&#37; de los neum&#243;logos espa&#241;oles&#44; distribuidos aleatoriamente por &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas&#46; Se incluy&#243; a 703 asm&#225;ticos mayores de 16 a&#241;os entre febrero y septiembre de 2005&#46; Se analizaron datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; prevalencia de rinitis&#44; funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; pruebas al&#233;rgicas y tratamiento de la rinitis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un 71&#37; &#40;n &#61; 499&#41; de los asm&#225;ticos presentaba rinitis&#46; &#201;stos eran m&#225;s j&#243;venes &#40;43&#44;8 frente a 55&#44;4 a&#241;os&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41; y presentaban un asma menos grave &#8212;volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41;&#58; un 85&#44;7 frente a un 79&#44;7&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#8212; que los asm&#225;ticos sin rinitis&#46; Se observ&#243; una correlaci&#243;n entre la gravedad del asma y la gravedad de la rinitis &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La atopia se asoci&#243; significativamente con la presencia de rinitis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#61; 6&#44;25&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 4&#44;3-9&#44;1&#41;&#58; el 84&#37; de los at&#243;picos y el 51&#37; de los no at&#243;picos ten&#237;an rinitis&#46; El tratamiento de la rinitis se asoci&#243; &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;057&#41; con un incremento del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; con independencia del sexo&#44; la edad&#44; la gravedad del asma y el h&#225;bito de fumar&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un 71&#37; de los asm&#225;ticos atendidos en las consultas de neumolog&#237;a tiene rinitis&#46; Estos pacientes son m&#225;s j&#243;venes y presentan un asma m&#225;s leve que los asm&#225;ticos sin rinitis&#46; Por otro lado&#44; la atopia se relaciona con el asma asociada a rinitis&#46; El tratamiento de la rinitis tiende a mejorar funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Estos hallazgos indican la necesidad de estudiar y tratar toda la v&#237;a respiratoria de forma integral&#46;</p>"
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      0 => array:1 [
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was carried out within the framework of the Working Group on Rhinitis of the Assembly on Asthma of SEPAR&#46; Funding was provided by MSD Espa&#241;a&#46;</p>"
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    ]
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