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Saccharin Test for the Study of Mucociliary Clearance: Reference Values for a Spanish Population
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Schwartz, Pedro L. Sánchez, José L. Fernández, Jacinto Ramos, Francisco Martín-Herrero, Rafael González-Celador, Ricardo Ruano, Irene Bregón, Cándido Martín-Luengo, Francisco P. Gómez" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Amparo" "apellidos" => "Sánchez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alan R." "apellidos" => "Schwartz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro L." "apellidos" => "Sánchez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José L." "apellidos" => "Fernández" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jacinto" "apellidos" => "Ramos" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Martín-Herrero" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rafael" "apellidos" => "González-Celador" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ricardo" "apellidos" => "Ruano" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Irene" "apellidos" => "Bregón" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cándido" "apellidos" => "Martín-Luengo" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco P." "apellidos" => "Gómez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212908600993?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004400000010/v1_201305150333/S1579212908600993/v1_201305150333/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Saccharin Test for the Study of Mucociliary Clearance: Reference Values for a Spanish Population" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "540" "paginaFinal" => "545" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Pedro Plaza Valía, Francisco Carrión Valero, Julio Marín Pardo, Daniel Bautista Rentero, Carmen González Monte" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Pedro Plaza" "apellidos" => "Valía" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ppv01v@saludalia.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Francisco Carrión" "apellidos" => "Valero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Julio Marín" "apellidos" => "Pardo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Daniel Bautista" "apellidos" => "Rentero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Carmen González" "apellidos" => "Monte" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr P. Plaza Valía Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset Gaspar Aguilar, 90 46017 Valencia, Spain" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2007-05-17" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-04-18" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155045" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Saccharin test" 1 => "Mucociliary clearance" 2 => "Reference values" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155046" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Test de la sacarina" 1 => "Aclaramiento mucociliar" 2 => "Valores de referencia" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mucociliary transport is an important defense mechanism for the airways. The aim of this study was to establish reference values for nasal mucociliary clearance time (MCT) by means of the saccharin test.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was performed. The variables studied were nasal MCT, age, and sex. We included 249 healthy nonsmokers (134 male and 115 female subjects) aged over 10 years and stratified the sample by age. To establish reference values, percentiles were calculated and lower and upper limits of normal were established at the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles, respectively. The association between nasal MCT and the main study variables was then investigated along with the reproducibility of the test.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The following values for nasal MCT were obtained for the sample as a whole: mean (SD), 17.17 (8.43) minutes; median (interquartile range), 16 minutes (12-20 minutes), indicating that the central 50% of the sample fell within this 8-minute range; and maximum and minimum values of 4 to 54 minutes (range, 50 minutes). The upper and lower limits of normal were 6 and 36 minutes, respectively. In addition, it is noteworthy that only 6 subjects had a nasal MCT longer than 36 minutes. No significant differences between male and female subjects were found. Nasal MCT showed a positive correlation with age (ρ=0.324; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.0001). No significant differences were observed in the reproducibility test (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.208).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In addition to facilitating reliable data on mucociliary function, the saccharin test is easy to do, inexpensive, and reproducible. The data obtained from this study should allow the results of this test to be correctly interpreted for a given subject's age and so facilitate its use in clinical practice.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El transporte mucociliar es un importante mecanismo de defensa de las vías respiratorias. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido obtener los valores de referencia del tiempo de transporte mucociliar nasal (TTMCN) mediante el test de la sacarina.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Sujetos Y Métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Las variables estudiadas fueron el TTMCN, la edad y el sexo. Se incluyó a 249 sujetos (134 varones y 115 mujeres) mayores de 10 años, sanos y no fumadores, que se asignaron a grupos según su edad. Para el análisis predictivo de los valores de normalidad se obtuvieron los percentiles, estableciendo los límites de referencia por los percentiles 2,5 y 97,5. Se analizó la asociación entre el TTMCN y las variables principales. Se estudió asimismo la reproducibilidad del test.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Del análisis global de la muestra destacan los siguientes datos: mediana de 16 min; media ± desviación estándar de 17,17 ± 8,43 min; rango de 50 min (4-54); límites de referencia de 6-36 min, y amplitud intercuartílica de 8 min (un 50% central de la muestra entre 12 y 20 min). Es asimismo reseñable que sólo 6 sujetos tuvieron un TTMCN superior a 36 min. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres. El TTMCN mostró una correlación positiva con la edad (r<span class="elsevierStyleInf">s</span> = 0,324; p = 0,0001). No se observaron diferencias significativas (p = 0,208) en la prueba de reproducibilidad.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El test de la sacarina es fácil de realizar, económico y reproducible, y facilita datos fiables de la función mucociliar. Los datos obtenidos en este trabajo permiten la correcta interpretación de los resultados de esta prueba según la edad del sujeto, lo que facilitará su uso.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relaciones entre rinosinusitis y bronquiectasias" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "JM Guilemany" 1 => "J Mullol" 2 => "C Picado" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "135" "paginaFinal" => "140" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16545252" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2024 October | 31 | 28 | 59 |
| 2024 September | 52 | 24 | 76 |
| 2024 August | 61 | 52 | 113 |
| 2024 July | 32 | 22 | 54 |
| 2024 June | 41 | 42 | 83 |
| 2024 May | 59 | 30 | 89 |
| 2024 April | 21 | 26 | 47 |
| 2024 March | 24 | 17 | 41 |
| 2024 February | 23 | 29 | 52 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 17 | 20 |
| 2023 February | 20 | 63 | 83 |
| 2023 January | 21 | 88 | 109 |
| 2022 December | 23 | 46 | 69 |
| 2022 November | 23 | 79 | 102 |
| 2022 October | 29 | 51 | 80 |
| 2022 September | 20 | 59 | 79 |
| 2022 August | 23 | 81 | 104 |
| 2022 July | 29 | 68 | 97 |
| 2022 June | 14 | 62 | 76 |
| 2022 May | 30 | 43 | 73 |
| 2022 April | 18 | 99 | 117 |
| 2022 March | 19 | 91 | 110 |
| 2022 February | 21 | 41 | 62 |
| 2022 January | 27 | 79 | 106 |
| 2021 December | 26 | 64 | 90 |
| 2021 November | 19 | 83 | 102 |
| 2021 October | 32 | 63 | 95 |
| 2021 September | 28 | 77 | 105 |
| 2021 August | 15 | 46 | 61 |
| 2021 July | 22 | 48 | 70 |
| 2021 June | 24 | 41 | 65 |
| 2021 May | 20 | 28 | 48 |
| 2021 April | 32 | 58 | 90 |
| 2021 March | 43 | 38 | 81 |
| 2021 February | 21 | 37 | 58 |
| 2021 January | 30 | 28 | 58 |
| 2020 December | 21 | 27 | 48 |
| 2020 November | 17 | 45 | 62 |
| 2020 October | 29 | 24 | 53 |
| 2020 September | 14 | 29 | 43 |
| 2020 August | 13 | 25 | 38 |
| 2020 July | 32 | 25 | 57 |
| 2020 June | 27 | 32 | 59 |
| 2020 May | 36 | 27 | 63 |
| 2020 April | 42 | 39 | 81 |
| 2020 March | 36 | 39 | 75 |
| 2020 February | 80 | 45 | 125 |
| 2020 January | 66 | 35 | 101 |
| 2019 December | 27 | 38 | 65 |
| 2019 November | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2019 October | 10 | 53 | 63 |
| 2019 September | 14 | 70 | 84 |
| 2019 August | 16 | 36 | 52 |
| 2019 July | 22 | 45 | 67 |
| 2019 June | 7 | 45 | 52 |
| 2019 May | 13 | 57 | 70 |
| 2019 April | 14 | 66 | 80 |
| 2019 March | 10 | 46 | 56 |
| 2019 February | 14 | 23 | 37 |
| 2019 January | 4 | 26 | 30 |
| 2018 December | 9 | 34 | 43 |
| 2018 November | 17 | 56 | 73 |
| 2018 October | 11 | 46 | 57 |
| 2018 September | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2018 May | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2018 March | 5 | 10 | 15 |
| 2018 February | 8 | 21 | 29 |
| 2018 January | 5 | 17 | 22 |
| 2017 December | 9 | 20 | 29 |
| 2017 November | 3 | 12 | 15 |
| 2017 October | 8 | 19 | 27 |
| 2017 September | 6 | 19 | 25 |
| 2017 August | 11 | 28 | 39 |
| 2017 July | 13 | 20 | 33 |
| 2017 June | 9 | 25 | 34 |
| 2017 May | 10 | 21 | 31 |
| 2017 April | 1 | 14 | 15 |
| 2017 March | 7 | 26 | 33 |
| 2017 February | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2017 January | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2016 December | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2016 November | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2016 October | 13 | 10 | 23 |
| 2016 September | 17 | 16 | 33 |
| 2016 August | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2016 July | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 201 | 15 | 216 |
| 2015 September | 189 | 17 | 206 |
| 2015 August | 158 | 10 | 168 |
| 2015 July | 200 | 21 | 221 |
| 2015 June | 134 | 20 | 154 |
| 2015 May | 169 | 20 | 189 |
| 2015 April | 158 | 12 | 170 |
| 2015 March | 151 | 7 | 158 |
| 2015 February | 136 | 5 | 141 |
| 2015 January | 132 | 9 | 141 |
| 2014 December | 164 | 3 | 167 |
| 2014 November | 232 | 8 | 240 |
| 2014 October | 227 | 15 | 242 |
| 2014 September | 183 | 9 | 192 |
| 2014 August | 201 | 11 | 212 |
| 2014 July | 151 | 10 | 161 |
| 2014 June | 182 | 7 | 189 |
| 2014 May | 169 | 12 | 181 |
| 2014 April | 150 | 9 | 159 |
| 2014 March | 144 | 14 | 158 |
| 2014 February | 131 | 13 | 144 |
| 2014 January | 110 | 8 | 118 |
| 2013 December | 109 | 29 | 138 |
| 2013 November | 95 | 12 | 107 |
| 2013 October | 74 | 13 | 87 |
| 2013 September | 76 | 12 | 88 |
| 2013 August | 88 | 15 | 103 |
| 2013 July | 77 | 12 | 89 |
| 2013 June | 55 | 8 | 63 |
| 2013 May | 70 | 10 | 80 |
| 2013 April | 54 | 11 | 65 |
| 2013 March | 11 | 2 | 13 |
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