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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acute confusional syndrome&#44; or delirium&#44; is a transitory mental state characterized by the fluctuating alteration of awareness and attention levels&#46; We present the case of a patient with acute confusional syndrome associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome &#40;OSAS&#41; aggravated by metabolic acidosis induced by oral acetazolamide treatment&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A 70-year-old man with no history of neurological disease was referred with a clinical picture consistent with acute confusional syndrome presenting between midnight and dawn&#46; During the admission examination infectious&#44; toxic&#44; and neurologic causes&#44; or those related to metabolic or heart disease were ruled out&#46; Arterial blood gases measured during one of the nighttime episodes of acute confusional syndrome showed mild hypoxia and hypercapnia with mixed acidosis&#46; Signs and symptoms suggestive of OSAS had been developing over the months prior to admission&#44; with snoring&#44; sleep apnea&#44; and moderate daytime drowsiness&#46; Polysomnography demonstrated severe OSAS with an apnea-hypopnea index of 38&#46; Mean arterial oxygen saturation was 83&#37;&#59; time oxygen saturation remained below 90&#37; was 44&#37;&#46; The attending physician ordered the withdrawal of oral acetazolamide&#44; which was considered the cause of the metabolic component of acidosis&#46; Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure was initiated at 9 cm H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O after a titration polysomnographic study&#46; The patient continued to improve&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OSAS&#44; for which very effective treatment is available&#44; should be included among diseases that may trigger acute confusional syndrome&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome confusional agudo o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">delirium</span> es un trastorno transitorio del estado mental caracterizado por la alteraci&#243;n fluctuante del nivel de conciencia y atenci&#243;n&#46; Presentamos el caso de un paciente con s&#237;ndrome confusional agudo asociado a s&#237;ndrome apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sue&#241;o &#40;SA-HOS&#41;&#44; agravado por una acidosis metab&#243;lica secundaria al tratamiento con acezatolamida&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se trataba de un var&#243;n de 70 a&#241;os de edad&#44; sin antecedentes de enfermedad neurol&#243;gica previa&#44; remitido por un cuadro confusional agudo de inicio en la madrugada&#46; Durante el ingreso se descartaron causas de origen infeccioso&#44; t&#243;xico&#44; neurol&#243;gico o secundarias a enfermedad metab&#243;lica o card&#237;aca&#46; Los gases arteriales obtenidos en la madrugada durante uno de los episodios de s&#237;ndrome confusional agudo mostraron una ligera hipoxia e hipercapnia con acidosis de tipo mixto&#46; El paciente hab&#237;a presentado en los meses previos al ingreso s&#237;ntomas indicativos de SAHOS &#40;ronquido&#44; pausas respiratorias durante el sue&#241;o y somnolencia diurna moderada&#41;&#46; Se efectu&#243; una polisomnograf&#237;a diagn&#243;stica que puso de manifiesto un SAHOS de car&#225;cter grave&#46; El &#237;ndice de ap-nea-hipopnea&#47;h era de 38&#44; la saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno media del 83&#37; y el tiempo de saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno por debajo del 90&#37;&#44; del 44&#37;&#46; Se retir&#243; la acetazolamida oral&#44; que se consi-der&#243; la causa del componente metab&#243;lico de la acidosis&#44; y tras un nuevo estudio polisomnogr&#225;fico de titulaci&#243;n se inici&#243; tratamiento con presi&#243;n continua en la v&#237;a a&#233;rea a 9 cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#46; El paciente sigui&#243; un curso cl&#237;nico favorable&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El SAHOS&#44; entidad con un tratamiento muy eficaz&#44; ha de incluirse entre las enfermedades que pueden precipitar un s&#237;ndrome confusional agudo&#46;</p>"
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Case Reports
Acute Confusional Syndrome Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Aggravated by Acidosis Secondary to Oral Acetazolamide Treatment
E. Miguela, R. Güella, A. Antóna, J.A. Montielb, M. Mayosa,
Corresponding author
mmayos@hsp.santpau.es

Correspondence: Dra. M. Mayos. Departamento de Neumología. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España
a Departamento de Neumología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Barcelona. Spain
b Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acute confusional syndrome&#44; or delirium&#44; is a transitory mental state characterized by the fluctuating alteration of awareness and attention levels&#46; We present the case of a patient with acute confusional syndrome associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome &#40;OSAS&#41; aggravated by metabolic acidosis induced by oral acetazolamide treatment&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A 70-year-old man with no history of neurological disease was referred with a clinical picture consistent with acute confusional syndrome presenting between midnight and dawn&#46; During the admission examination infectious&#44; toxic&#44; and neurologic causes&#44; or those related to metabolic or heart disease were ruled out&#46; Arterial blood gases measured during one of the nighttime episodes of acute confusional syndrome showed mild hypoxia and hypercapnia with mixed acidosis&#46; Signs and symptoms suggestive of OSAS had been developing over the months prior to admission&#44; with snoring&#44; sleep apnea&#44; and moderate daytime drowsiness&#46; Polysomnography demonstrated severe OSAS with an apnea-hypopnea index of 38&#46; Mean arterial oxygen saturation was 83&#37;&#59; time oxygen saturation remained below 90&#37; was 44&#37;&#46; The attending physician ordered the withdrawal of oral acetazolamide&#44; which was considered the cause of the metabolic component of acidosis&#46; Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure was initiated at 9 cm H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O after a titration polysomnographic study&#46; The patient continued to improve&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OSAS&#44; for which very effective treatment is available&#44; should be included among diseases that may trigger acute confusional syndrome&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome confusional agudo o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">delirium</span> es un trastorno transitorio del estado mental caracterizado por la alteraci&#243;n fluctuante del nivel de conciencia y atenci&#243;n&#46; Presentamos el caso de un paciente con s&#237;ndrome confusional agudo asociado a s&#237;ndrome apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sue&#241;o &#40;SA-HOS&#41;&#44; agravado por una acidosis metab&#243;lica secundaria al tratamiento con acezatolamida&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se trataba de un var&#243;n de 70 a&#241;os de edad&#44; sin antecedentes de enfermedad neurol&#243;gica previa&#44; remitido por un cuadro confusional agudo de inicio en la madrugada&#46; Durante el ingreso se descartaron causas de origen infeccioso&#44; t&#243;xico&#44; neurol&#243;gico o secundarias a enfermedad metab&#243;lica o card&#237;aca&#46; Los gases arteriales obtenidos en la madrugada durante uno de los episodios de s&#237;ndrome confusional agudo mostraron una ligera hipoxia e hipercapnia con acidosis de tipo mixto&#46; El paciente hab&#237;a presentado en los meses previos al ingreso s&#237;ntomas indicativos de SAHOS &#40;ronquido&#44; pausas respiratorias durante el sue&#241;o y somnolencia diurna moderada&#41;&#46; Se efectu&#243; una polisomnograf&#237;a diagn&#243;stica que puso de manifiesto un SAHOS de car&#225;cter grave&#46; El &#237;ndice de ap-nea-hipopnea&#47;h era de 38&#44; la saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno media del 83&#37; y el tiempo de saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno por debajo del 90&#37;&#44; del 44&#37;&#46; Se retir&#243; la acetazolamida oral&#44; que se consi-der&#243; la causa del componente metab&#243;lico de la acidosis&#44; y tras un nuevo estudio polisomnogr&#225;fico de titulaci&#243;n se inici&#243; tratamiento con presi&#243;n continua en la v&#237;a a&#233;rea a 9 cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#46; El paciente sigui&#243; un curso cl&#237;nico favorable&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El SAHOS&#44; entidad con un tratamiento muy eficaz&#44; ha de incluirse entre las enfermedades que pueden precipitar un s&#237;ndrome confusional agudo&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 15792129
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