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Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome in Children Is Not Associated With Obesity
Olaia Sardóna,
, Eduardo González Pérez-Yarzaa, Ane Aldasoraa, Andrea Bordoya, Javier Minteguia, José Ignacio Emparanzab
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osardon@chdo.osakidetza.net
Correspondence: Dra. O. Sardón. Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Hospital Donostia. Avda. Dr. Beguiristain, s/n. 20014 San Sebastián. Guipúzcoa. España
Correspondence: Dra. O. Sardón. Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Hospital Donostia. Avda. Dr. Beguiristain, s/n. 20014 San Sebastián. Guipúzcoa. España
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"paginaFinal" => "587" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Olaia Sardón, Eduardo González Pérez-Yarza, Ane Aldasora, Andrea Bordoy, Javier Mintegui, José Ignacio Emparanza" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:5 [ "preGrado" => "Dra." "nombre" => "Olaia" "apellidos" => "Sardón" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "osardon@chdo.osakidetza.net" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo González" "apellidos" => "Pérez-Yarza" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ane" "apellidos" => "Aldasora" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andrea" "apellidos" => "Bordoy" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Mintegui" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "José Ignacio" "apellidos" => "Emparanza" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Neumología, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica e Investigación, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dra. O. Sardón. Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Hospital Donostia. Avda. Dr. Beguiristain, s/n. 20014 San Sebastián. Guipúzcoa. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-09-13" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-04-11" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154212" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome" 1 => "OSAHS" 2 => "Obstructive apneas" 3 => "Obesity" 4 => "Children" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154211" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño" 1 => "Apneas obstructivas" 2 => "Obesidad" 3 => "Niños" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the general pediatric population ranges from 1% to 3%. However, its prevalence in an unselected population of obesity and OSAHS in children diagnosed with the syndrome in a cohort of boys and girls (age range, 2-14 years) referred to the pediatric respiratory medicine outpatient clinic at our hospital for suspected apnea, snoring, or both over the past 5 years.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The medical history of each patient was recorded and all patients underwent a physical examination, chest and nasal cavities radiography, and 8-channel respiratory polygraphy during sleep. the following variables were evaluated: sex, reason for consultation, source of referral, findings during upper airway examination, age, weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score (reflecting how much a finding differs from the mean and in what direction in a normally distributed sample), height <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score, body mass index (BMI) <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score, number of apneas, number of hypopneas, apnea index, hypopnea index, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen saturation (mean and minimum) measured by pulse oximetry, number of snores, and snore index.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of the 400 patients studied, 242 (60.5%) were male and 158 (39.5%) female. the mean age was 4.95 years. OSAHS (AHI≥3) was diagnosed in 298 cases (74.5%) and these patients were then studied to determine the relation between OSAHS and obesity. the anthropometric distribution (expressed as mean [SD]) was as follows: weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score, 0.37 (1.31); height <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score, 0.23 (1.19); BMI, 17.063 kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> (2.51); and BMI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score, 1.39 (1.36). the respiratory polygraph during sleep recorded an AHI of 6.56 (7.56).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No differences were observed between the height <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score, weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score, BMI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score, age, and AHI. No association between obesity and OSAHS was found in this series. However, studies of larger, unselected populations are needed to determine if obesity is a risk factor for OSAHS in children.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El síndrome de apneas-hipopneas obstructivas durante el sueño (SAHOS) alcanza una prevalencia del 1-3% en población general infantile. Sin embargo, en población obesa no preseleccionada la prevalencia es desconocida. Para estudiar la asociación entre SAHOS y obesidad en niños diagnosticados de dicho trastorno, hemos analizado a una cohorte de niños y niñas (2-14 años) remitidos en los últimos 5 años a consulta externas de neumología infantile porsospecha de apneas durante el sueño, ronquido o ambos.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A los pacientes incluidos se les realizaron anamesis, exploración física, radiografía de tórax y cávum y poligrafía respiratoria durante el sueño con 8 canales. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: sexo, motivo de consulta, procedencia, exploración de la vía aérea superior, edad, z-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> del peso (cuánto se desvía la media de peso y en qué dirección respecto de la media de peso de una distribución normal), z-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de la talla (cuánto se desvía la media de la talla y en qué dirección respecto de la media de la talla de una distribución normal), z-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> del índice de masa corporal (IMC; cuánto se desvía la media del IMC y en qué dirección respecto de la media del IMC de una distribución normal), número de apneas, número de hipopneas, índice de apneas/h, índice de hipopneas/h índice de apneas-hipopneas/h (IAH/h), saturación de oxígeno por pulsioximetría (media y mínima), número de ronquidos e índice de ronquidos/h.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudió a 400 pacientes, con una edad media de 4,95 años, de los que 242 eran varones (60,5%) y 158 niñas (39,5%). Se diagnosticó de SAHOS (IAH/h ≥ 3) a 298 (74,5%), y en éstos se analizó la relación entre SAHOS y obesidad. La distribución antropométrica (expresada en media ± desviación estándar) fue la siguiente: z-peso de 0,37 ± 1,31; z-talla de 0,23 ± 1,19; IMC de 17,063 ± 2,51 kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>, y z-IMC de 0,39 ± 1,36. Los resultados de la poligrafía respiratoria durante el sueño mostraron un IAH/h de 6,56 ± 7,56.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No se han encontrado diferencias entre z-talla, z-peso, z-IMC, edad e IAH/h. En esta serie la obesidad no se asocial a SAHOS. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios en poblaciones más amplias y no preseleccionadas para evaluar si la obesidad actúa o no como factor de riesgo para desarrollar SAHOS en niños.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:33 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "the German study on sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children: epidemiological approach, representative study sample, and preliminary screening results" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M Schauld" 1 => "MS Urschitz" 2 => "PM Urschitz-Duprat" 3 => "CF Poets" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00589.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 25 | 17 | 42 |
| 2024 September | 28 | 28 | 56 |
| 2024 August | 53 | 34 | 87 |
| 2024 July | 23 | 29 | 52 |
| 2024 June | 32 | 29 | 61 |
| 2024 May | 45 | 40 | 85 |
| 2024 April | 20 | 25 | 45 |
| 2024 March | 18 | 20 | 38 |
| 2024 February | 21 | 22 | 43 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2023 February | 18 | 23 | 41 |
| 2023 January | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2022 December | 18 | 28 | 46 |
| 2022 November | 28 | 20 | 48 |
| 2022 October | 21 | 31 | 52 |
| 2022 September | 19 | 30 | 49 |
| 2022 August | 21 | 29 | 50 |
| 2022 July | 15 | 41 | 56 |
| 2022 June | 16 | 32 | 48 |
| 2022 May | 16 | 34 | 50 |
| 2022 April | 11 | 33 | 44 |
| 2022 March | 19 | 29 | 48 |
| 2022 February | 30 | 30 | 60 |
| 2022 January | 13 | 31 | 44 |
| 2021 December | 15 | 43 | 58 |
| 2021 November | 13 | 42 | 55 |
| 2021 October | 26 | 46 | 72 |
| 2021 September | 18 | 62 | 80 |
| 2021 August | 8 | 25 | 33 |
| 2021 July | 15 | 36 | 51 |
| 2021 June | 13 | 18 | 31 |
| 2021 May | 21 | 33 | 54 |
| 2021 April | 44 | 64 | 108 |
| 2021 March | 18 | 16 | 34 |
| 2021 February | 15 | 24 | 39 |
| 2021 January | 17 | 14 | 31 |
| 2020 December | 9 | 13 | 22 |
| 2020 November | 6 | 18 | 24 |
| 2020 October | 8 | 15 | 23 |
| 2020 September | 25 | 8 | 33 |
| 2020 August | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2020 July | 14 | 15 | 29 |
| 2020 June | 11 | 3 | 14 |
| 2020 May | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| 2020 April | 23 | 18 | 41 |
| 2020 March | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2020 February | 14 | 16 | 30 |
| 2020 January | 15 | 17 | 32 |
| 2019 December | 12 | 13 | 25 |
| 2019 November | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2019 October | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2019 September | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2019 August | 11 | 4 | 15 |
| 2019 July | 13 | 10 | 23 |
| 2019 June | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2019 May | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2019 April | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2019 March | 19 | 16 | 35 |
| 2019 February | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2019 January | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| 2018 December | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2018 November | 16 | 11 | 27 |
| 2018 October | 16 | 19 | 35 |
| 2018 September | 12 | 7 | 19 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2018 March | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2018 February | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2018 January | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2017 December | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2017 October | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2017 September | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2017 August | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2017 July | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2017 June | 10 | 15 | 25 |
| 2017 May | 5 | 11 | 16 |
| 2017 April | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2017 March | 3 | 15 | 18 |
| 2017 February | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2016 December | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2016 November | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2016 October | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2016 September | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2016 August | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2016 July | 7 | 3 | 10 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 43 | 7 | 50 |
| 2015 September | 44 | 12 | 56 |
| 2015 August | 30 | 8 | 38 |
| 2015 July | 64 | 3 | 67 |
| 2015 June | 38 | 8 | 46 |
| 2015 May | 52 | 4 | 56 |
| 2015 April | 46 | 13 | 59 |
| 2015 March | 36 | 7 | 43 |
| 2015 February | 43 | 4 | 47 |
| 2015 January | 38 | 7 | 45 |
| 2014 December | 47 | 6 | 53 |
| 2014 November | 38 | 6 | 44 |
| 2014 October | 53 | 7 | 60 |
| 2014 September | 50 | 9 | 59 |
| 2014 August | 42 | 12 | 54 |
| 2014 July | 49 | 9 | 58 |
| 2014 June | 44 | 7 | 51 |
| 2014 May | 42 | 13 | 55 |
| 2014 April | 71 | 6 | 77 |
| 2014 March | 70 | 11 | 81 |
| 2014 February | 61 | 11 | 72 |
| 2014 January | 31 | 16 | 47 |
| 2013 December | 43 | 8 | 51 |
| 2013 November | 35 | 6 | 41 |
| 2013 October | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2013 September | 33 | 9 | 42 |
| 2013 August | 39 | 7 | 46 |
| 2013 July | 62 | 13 | 75 |
| 2013 June | 34 | 9 | 43 |
| 2013 May | 32 | 11 | 43 |
| 2013 April | 20 | 4 | 24 |
| 2013 March | 5 | 2 | 7 |
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