was read the article
array:23 [ "pii" => "S0300289622002915" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-04-01" "aid" => "3061" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "copyrightAnyo" => "2022" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58 Supl 1:39-50" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0300289621003768" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2021.10.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-04-01" "aid" => "2940" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58 Supl 1:51-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case Report</span>" "titulo" => "Eosinophilic Pneumonia Associated to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "51" "paginaFinal" => "52" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Neumonía eosinofílica asociada a la vacuna por SARS-CoV-2" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 462 "Ancho" => 1305 "Tamanyo" => 180242 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Chest HRCT: multiple ground glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening; (B) Histopathological findings of transthoracic needle biopsy: On hematoxylin and eosin staining there is lung tissue with alevoli filled by histiocytes and eosinophils, forming “eosinophilic microabscesses”. (Original magnification: 100×).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Margarida Costa e Silva, Marta Sá Marques, David João, Sérgio Campainha" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Margarida" "apellidos" => "Costa e Silva" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marta" "apellidos" => "Sá Marques" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "David" "apellidos" => "João" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sérgio" "apellidos" => "Campainha" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289621003768?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/00000058000000S1/v2_202205240744/S0300289621003768/v2_202205240744/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S0300289622002861" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-04-01" "aid" => "3056" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58 Supl 1:32-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review Article</span>" "titulo" => "The Short- and Long-Term Clinical, Radiological and Functional Consequences of COVID-19" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "32" "paginaFinal" => "38" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Consecuencias clínicas, radiológicas y funcionales a corto y largo plazo de la COVID-19" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2426 "Ancho" => 2925 "Tamanyo" => 517583 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acute, short- and long-term effects of COVID-19 on multiple organ systems. Clinical manifestations a patient might experience at a specific stage of COVID-19. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Yang Gao, Wei-quan Liang, Yi-ran Li, Jian-xing He, Wei-jie Guan" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yang" "apellidos" => "Gao" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Wei-quan" "apellidos" => "Liang" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yi-ran" "apellidos" => "Li" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jian-xing" "apellidos" => "He" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Wei-jie" "apellidos" => "Guan" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289622002861?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/00000058000000S1/v2_202205240744/S0300289622002861/v2_202205240744/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review Article</span>" "titulo" => "Short and Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Previous Respiratory Diseases" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "39" "paginaFinal" => "50" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Eusebi Chiner-Vives, Rosa Cordovilla-Pérez, David de la Rosa-Carrillo, Marta García-Clemente, José Luis Izquierdo-Alonso, Remedios Otero-Candelera, Luis Pérez-de Llano, Jacobo Sellares-Torres, José Ignacio de Granda-Orive" "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Eusebi" "apellidos" => "Chiner-Vives" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rosa" "apellidos" => "Cordovilla-Pérez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "David" "apellidos" => "de la Rosa-Carrillo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Marta" "apellidos" => "García-Clemente" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "José Luis" "apellidos" => "Izquierdo-Alonso" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Remedios" "apellidos" => "Otero-Candelera" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Luis" "apellidos" => "Pérez-de Llano" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jacobo" "apellidos" => "Sellares-Torres" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] ] ] 8 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "José Ignacio" "apellidos" => "de Granda-Orive" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "igo01m@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">j</span>" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Respiratory Department, Sant Joan University Hospital, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Respiratory Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Lung Management Area, HUCA, Institute for Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Respiratory Department, Virgen del Rocio Universitary Hospital-IBIS, CIBERES, Sevilla, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Respiratory Department, Lucus Augusti University Hospital, EOXI Lugo, Monforte, CERVO, Lugo, Spain" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Interstitial Lung Diseases Working Group, Respiratory Department, Clinic-University Hospital-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "i" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] 9 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Respiratory Department, 12 of October University Hospital, Complutense University, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "j" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Impacto a corto y largo plazo de la infección por COVID-19 en las enfermedades respiratorias previas" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1854 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 378418 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Health-care system changes in relation to COVID-19 pandemic in cystic fibrosis patients.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the lung, but it can also affect other organs such as the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal system. It is observed that 75% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have at least one COVID-19 associated comorbidity. Although the mean age of COVID-19 infected subjects has changed from older to younger patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1000"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> based on current evidence, risk factors for developing and having poor prognosis of COVID-19 in adults are smoking habits, demographic factors, such as older age, male sex, and ethnicity, and the presence of underlying diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–6</span></a> Being a younger children and specific comorbidities such as obesity or being a smoker is at higher risk for infection and potentially more severe consequences of COVID-19. In addition to these factors, changes in laboratory indices and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as possible complications, could indicate the progression of COVID-19 into a severe and critical stage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7–11</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An important percentage of subjects has important clinical, functional or radiological sequelae (long-term COVID-19 syndrome) months after the acute infection, especially those who suffered from a severe pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12–16</span></a> Finally, many treatments both pharmacological (especially antivirals, immunomodulators and anti-inflammatories) and non-pharmacological treatments has been used during this pandemic era at different moments and severities of the disease, sometimes with controversial results.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17–24</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, what effects does COVID-19 disease have on previous lung diseases? After COVID-19 disease recovery time appears to be around 2 weeks for mild infection and 3–6 weeks for severe disease; however, this is variable and depends on a patient's pre-existing comorbidities in addition to illness severity. A major issue with COVID-19 is with gas exchange in the alveolus. Usually, there is a very tight connection between the alveolar epithelium (type-1 cells) and the capillary. COVID-19 infects AT2 cells, kills them and floods the alveolus. In addition, there is evidence for microthrombosis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> which may block the vascular side. COVID-19 can cause permanent lung damage with higher risk of long-term complications (chronic inflammation has been considered as the main cause of pulmonary fibrosis and may lead to epithelial damage and fibroblast activation).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> This review aims to provide information on the impact of the COVID-19 on pre-existing lung comorbidities.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Obstructive sleep apnea</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Just as sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a risk factor for pneumonia,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> observational studies show that OSA can be a risk factor for both COVID-19 infection and unfavorable outcome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Labarca et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> conducted a case–control study among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 and mild or moderate disease, showing that, in surviving patients, the prevalence of undiagnosed OSA was statistically significant compared to patients with mild or moderate disease. After adjusting for other confounders, OSA was independently associated with ARDS. Moreover, undiagnosed OSA presented more pulmonary sequelae in the medium term, in addition to being associated with variables such as male gender, ARDS, and total days on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the CORONADO observational study, untreated OSA was an independent risk factor for 7-day mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.8.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> In a study that included 46 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, OSA was diagnosed in 75% of the sample,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> and another observational study showed that patients with OSA presented an OR of 1.53 for mortality and 1.29 for ICU admission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A recent meta-analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> of a total of 21 studies with 54,276 COVID-19 patients showed that OSA was associated with composite poor outcome and its subgroup which comprised of severe COVID-19, ICU admissions, the need for IMV and mortality.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is an interaction between obesity and OSA, and in this sense, a greater number of obese patients required admission to the ICU and up to 7 times more IMV, with a body mass index (BMI)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34,35</span></a> being an independent factor of mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OSA and COVID-19 are proinflammatory states, so prior chronic systemic inflammation from untreated OSA would be a predisposing factor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> In addition, sleep fragmentation and chronic intermittent hypoxia can trigger an inflammatory response and sympathetic activation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Both COVID-19, obesity, and OSA increase hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha levels, which increase the cytokine storm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> that occurs in COVID-19 pneumonia patients and in those with subsequent multi-organ failure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypoxemia and altered hemodynamics in OSA can precipitate a pro-coagulant state, which could further accentuate coagulopathy related to COVID-19.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> Both in OSA and in obese patients, there is an increased expression of ACE2 receptors, which would favor the union of the virus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> In turn, OSA may lead to an increase in blood pressure through stimulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> Cardiac complications in COVID-19 include myocarditis, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> factors also associated with OSA, which can increase morbidity and mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Extra care and close monitoring should be provided to patients with OSA to minimize the risk of infections. Simple questionnaires such as STOP-Bang questionnaire can be used for screening patients who may be at risk for severe adverse outcomes.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, changes in the adherence to continuous positive airway pressure machine (CPAP) treatment have been seen during the pandemic period. New technologies and telemedicine should help us to improve the efficacy and control of treated patients and the adherence to treatment.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Lung cancer</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19), the care of lung cancer (LC) patients has been particularly compromised. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (ARC) estimated more than 2 million new cases of LC by 2020,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> and some countries have changed the trend in the LC mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> However, these estimates are made without including the effects of the pandemic, so the number of diagnosed cases is likely to be lower.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is due to several reasons; firstly, because LC screening programs (which have demonstrated several beneficials in the context of the high prevalence of LC)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50–53</span></a> are interrupted due to the existing health care bottleneck and to avoid transmission of infection to both patients and health care workers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54,55</span></a> This delay in screening may not have an impact on survival as long as it does not extend beyond 18 months.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56,57</span></a> On the other hand, the number of consultations decreases either because users do not come to the hospital because of fear of contracting the disease, or because they are not referred to the hospital due to both the health care overlap and the overlap of symptoms between COVID-19 and LC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58,59</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the advent of the pandemic, the ARC's projected LC mortality of 18% by 2020 is also likely to change.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> Patients with LC are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60,61</span></a> and to developing complications from the disease. Rogado et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a> estimate an incidence of 0.9% compared to 0.5% in the general population. Because of this, higher hospitalization and mortality rates have also been observed,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63,64</span></a> which in the study by Rogado et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a> was 52.3% in patients with LC compared to 10.2% in the general population. Retrospective studies have reported a rate of COVID-19 infection and serious complications up to 2.31 times higher than the general population or patients with other cancers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65–67</span></a> In an Italian study, a 4-fold increased risk of dying from COVID-19 infection was observed. Specifically, 2/3 of patients with LC required hospitalization and a quarter of them died.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68</span></a> In the TERAVOLT study, the mortality rate was 33%, and the risk of death was associated with older age, presence of comorbidities and active smoking,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a> although in a recent meta-analysis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a> where mortality was higher in COVID-19 patients (RR, 1.66 vs 1.33) as well as the risk of ICU admission (RR, 1.56 vs 1.31), no increased risk of death or serious complications was found in relation to advanced age.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fear of contracting the disease has also led to a significant delay in the diagnosis of these patients. In a study on the participation of cancer patients in social networks during the pandemic, the highest level of participation was among LC patients (38.3%) followed by breast cancer patients (23.8%). The most predominant emotion related to COVID-19 and cancer was fear,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a> and is primarily linked to the fear of contracting the disease and not being admitted to the ICU if necessary.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71,72</span></a> In a study by Garassino et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a> 75% of patients with LC and COVID-19 were admitted to hospitals, but only 10% were admitted to the ICU. Thus, the delay in diagnosis has led to an increase in the diagnosis of more advanced cases. A retrospective study analyzed 161 LC patients of whom 29.19% had a delay in their scheduled appointment, compared to 5% of delays before the pandemic. In addition, 18.18% of the delayed patients had advanced disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a> A study carried out in England<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">73</span></a> estimates that delay in diagnosis leads to an increase in years of life lost and an increase in mortality of 4.8% at 5 years after diagnosis.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment with chemotherapy in the months prior to diagnosis of COVID-19 has also been associated with an increased risk of serious infection with complications (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64,66,74,75</span></a> A recent meta-analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">76</span></a> of 3558 patients shows an increased risk of death in patients with active chemotherapy compared to those without (OR 1.60). Although there may be confusion between symptoms caused by COVID-19 and chemotherapy-related chemical pneumonitis, it is important to assess the risk-benefit of discontinuing treatment<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">77</span></a> as the use of immunotherapy improves the prognosis of patients with few side effects, so it is recommended to prioritize its use over conventional chemotherapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60,78</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not only the delay in treatment but also the suspension of consultations, surgery and treatments such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">79</span></a> have had an impact on patients with LC, as they have led to disease progression and increased mortality from LC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> In a study of 288 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and LC, disease progression was estimated in 10.7% of cases due to discontinuation of radiotherapy and 26% due to discontinuation of chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">80</span></a> Regarding surgery, in the first publication of the CovidSurg Cohort Study, a mortality of 42.9% was observed in resection surgery.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">81</span></a> However, in a subsequent multicentre, prospective study involving 140,231 patients, the same authors observed that the 30-day mortality rate in resection surgery was higher at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after diagnosis of COVID-19 (OR 4.1, 3.9 and 3.6, respectively), but was similar at 7 weeks (OR 1.5), except in those who still had symptoms, where mortality was still higher than if they were asymptomatic (6% vs. 1.3%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">82</span></a> Therefore, some authors recommend stereotactic body radiation therapy as a first curative option if surgery has to be delayed due to lack of operating theaters.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">83</span></a> Therefore, the treatment strategy must be adapted to different factors, such as the incidence of COVID-19 or the risk of delaying surgery beyond 3 weeks. In this regard, the American Society for Thoracic Surgery makes recommendations that cover all these aspects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">84</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The impact on the family and social support usually provided to these patients has had a negative impact on their quality of life. Depression in cancer patients, especially in women, has increased during the pandemic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A balance needs to be struck between healthcare for COVID-19 patients and care for LC patients. The role of telemedicine is crucial to avoid unnecessary hospital visits,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">85</span></a> but without losing the human aspect of medicine, which in these LC patients is as important as traditional oncology treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">86</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Bronchiectasis</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Radiological detection of bronchiectasis is frequent in the acute phase of COVID-19, and may even represent a factor of its severity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87–89</span></a> In addition, there are frequent sequelae in patients who have overcome the infection,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">90,91</span></a> although their long-term clinical repercussion is unknown.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">92</span></a> The literature on the incidence or severity of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing bronchiectasis is scarce, probably due to the low proportion of these patients in the published series on COVID-19 patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">93,94</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> lists the main publications that have in some way addressed the relationship between bronchiectasis and COVID-19, of which only two were specifically designed to answer clinical questions in this population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">95–98</span></a> Although the results of these studies are very disparate, and even contradictory, it could be highlighted that when comparing COVID-19 patients with and without bronchiectasis, the former have an increased risk of developing severe forms of the infection, requiring oxygen therapy or hospitalization, and possibly also an increased risk of requiring admission to an intensive care unit or even death. These series lack relevant data that could allow a more in-depth interpretation of these findings, such as severity or chronic bronchial colonization.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, as in other chronic respiratory diseases, a notable decrease (nearly 50%) in exacerbations of bronchiectasis has been observed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">95</span></a> Given the important prevalence of both bronchiectasis and chronic bronchial infection,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">99,100</span></a> this supposes a great epidemiological impact. This is probably due to a reduction in viral infections motivated by social distancing measures, which this population has taken to the extreme, both due to the fear of suffering severe COVID-19, and the stigmatization that chronic cough entails in many of these patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">101</span></a> Finally, there are publications on patients with bronchiectasis generating diseases, such as common variable immunodeficiency<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">102</span></a> or ciliary dyskinesia,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">103</span></a> which show a low incidence of COVID-19. In these diseases, the severity of COVID-19 is associated with the concomitant presence of respiratory diseases, such as bronchiectasis or interstitial lung disease.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Cystic fibrosis</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was lower than expected,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">104–107</span></a> but older patients, those with lower lung function, CF-related diabetes and those who received a solid organ transplant<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">108–110</span></a> experienced a more unfavorable evolution.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cumulative incidence was variable across the different series analyzed, between 2.7/1000 CF patients,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">110</span></a> 3.2/1000 CF patients,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">111</span></a> and 17.2/1000 CF patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">112</span></a> Both short and long-term effects of the pandemic were observed in patients with CF (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant decrease in exacerbations and hospitalizations,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">113</span></a> likely as a result of the use of barrier measures and the reduction of other viral infections. Nevertheless, rapid changes were required in the healthcare systems<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">114</span></a> to prevent these patients from being exposed to the virus. Also, for this reason patients reduced their physical activity,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">115,116</span></a> with the resulting muscular damage and increased anxiety-depression symptoms<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">117–119</span></a> that will lead to a need for future medical attention.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Procedures such as respiratory function tests have been drastically reduced and remote attention such as telehealth,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">120–123</span></a> home spirometry,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">108</span></a> home collection of sputum samples,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">124</span></a> home delivery of medication from the hospital pharmacy, and long-distance electronic monitoring<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">123</span></a> were required. This provided an opportunity to take new approaches to improving CF patients care with new and effective models, with durable changes in the future CF health care (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is also important to highlight that fewer transplant<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">125,126</span></a> were performed although, in CF patients, the use of triple modulatory therapy just at the beginning of the pandemic was able to minimize the impact and severity of these patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">123,127</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, clinical trials were significantly reduced due to the difficulties in the recruitment and the follow-up visits to patients, having a negative impact on future treatment options.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">108,123,128</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At that moment, the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the CF population remain unknown. In the near future, possible cardiovascular symptoms, cognitive deficit and fatigue may appear in CF patients who have passed the infection. Another important issue concerns vaccination for CF transplant patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">108,129</span></a> Maybe, it should be explored to use extra doses or using different combination vaccines to achieve appropriate levels of immunization.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the description of the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, advanced age and several chronic diseases have been associated with a higher risk of unfavorable evolution.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">130–132</span></a> In our setting, a higher incidence of COVID-19 has been described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (2.51%; 95%CI, 2.33–2.68) compared to the general population over 40 years of age (1.16%; 95%CI, 1.14–1.18; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001), with a worse prognosis, assessed by the number of hospitalizations and higher mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">133</span></a> Patients with COPD and COVID-19 were predominantly male, smoked more frequently, and had more comorbidities than patients without COPD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">134</span></a> Using various adjustment models, COPD itself posed a higher risk of COVID-19, regardless of age and the associated comorbidities that these patients frequently present<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">135</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). Before vaccines were available, most COPD patients admitted for COVID-19 had pulmonary infiltrates compatible with pneumonia, causing a higher rate of hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality. This evolution contrasts with the findings observed in patients with COPD exacerbations due to other viral etiologies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">133</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At present, there is no data that the treatment of COPD or its comorbidities has a negative impact on prognosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">136</span></a> Although a study described that the use of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD increased the risk of developing COVID-19, this result is conditioned by an indication bias due to severity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1680"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">137</span></a> For this reason, patients should continue with their usual treatment without changes, avoiding the use of nebulizers as much as possible, especially if they do not have a filter in the expiratory branch.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">138</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the increased risk that COPD patients have, it is recommended that they strictly follow self-care measures that help prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the use of a face mask.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">139</span></a> There is currently no data indicating that the effect of the vaccine is different in COPD patients than in the general population.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Vascular pulmonary diseases</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to invade vascular endothelial cells leads to endothelial inflammation, thrombin generation, and platelet and leukocyte recruitment causing a predisposition to thrombotic phenomena in different sites.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">140–142</span></a> Thromboembolism rates of COVID-19 were high and associated with higher risk of death in hospitalized patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">143–145</span></a> Pulmonary embolism (PE) prediction in COVID-19 patients is challenging. Some factors independently associated with PE were tachypnea, absence of infiltrates in the chest X-ray and elevated D-dimer levels,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">146</span></a> which per se are already high in patients with a worse prognosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1730"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">147</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anticoagulation for prophylactic purposes is recommended in COVID-19 patients. In addition, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has also been suggested to have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">148</span></a> Up to now, findings provide comprehensive and high-quality evidence for the use of standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation over an escalated-dose regimen as routine standard of care for hospitalized COVID-19 patients irrespective of disease severity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">149</span></a> However, a new paradigm has been opened and some clinical guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">150</span></a> consider a treatment dose of LMWH for COVID-19 patients who need low-flow oxygen and who do not have an increased bleeding risk.</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment patterns have also been modified during the pandemic because there has been an increase in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and prolongation of days with LMWH. Although the long-term outcomes in survivors of COVID-19 are unknown at present, thrombotic sequelae have the potential to become a clinically significant problem.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1750"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">151</span></a> Routine post-COVID-19 follow-up pathways should include lung perfusion imaging and cardiopulmonary exercise test.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1755"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">152,153</span></a></p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The reasons of an unexpected favorable incidence of COVID-19 in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are not yet clarified.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1765"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">154</span></a></p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The usefulness of telemedicine during the pandemic in all medical specialties has been demonstrated, both in acute episodes and after hospital discharges<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1770"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">155</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Asthma</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic inflammation (typically T2) and bronchial remodeling, usual features of asthma, could increase the susceptibility to COVID-19. Besides, it has been shown that a T1 predominant inflammatory pattern—and not T2—is associated with higher expression of ACE2 receptor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1775"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">156</span></a> It has been controversial whether asthma augments the risk of becoming infected but, in the light of the recently published studies, it might be argued that the risk is restricted to severe forms of the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">97,137,157–162</span></a> The EAVE II study showed that adults with asthma had an increased risk of COVID-19 hospital admission (adjusted HR 1.27; 95%CI, 1.23–1.32) compared with those without asthma, and that those who have required ≥2 oral corticosteroids bursts in the previous 2 years are at increased risk of ICU admission or death, even accounting for vaccination status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1810"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">163</span></a> In children, a recent meta-analysis concluded that asthma does not appear to be a risk factor for hospitalization or ICU admission caused by COVID-19.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1815"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">164</span></a> On the other hand, unscheduled asthma visits appeared to be significantly reduced during COVID-19 pandemic,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1820"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">165</span></a> likely owing to reduced viral upper respiratory tract infections.</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) might potentially favor viral replication and delay viral clearance but, on the contrary, they might reduce the epithelial expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (viral entry receptors)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1825"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">166</span></a> and also the levels of potentially harmful cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1830"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">167,168</span></a> Investigations on the therapeutic effect of ICS in COVID-19 patients yielded controversial—although mostly favorable—results.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1840"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">169–173</span></a> A meta-analysis supports ICS use to short the duration of the disease and, maybe, to prevent hospitalizations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1865"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">174</span></a></p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Biologics can negatively impact B lymphocytes differentiation into plasma cells and the generation of plasma memory cells through eosinophil depletion,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1870"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">175</span></a> and, in fact, humoral vaccine response is lower in patients who are receiving this treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1875"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">176</span></a> By contrast, omalizumab has been shown to restore the capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce alpha interferon (IFN-α), promoting their antiviral activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1880"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">177</span></a> According to results from large databases and several national registries, biologic therapy does not increase risk for severe COVID-19 in asthma patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1885"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">178–180</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Interstitial lung diseases</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly impact on patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). In general, patients with pre-existing respiratory disease, including interstitial lung diseases, have an increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">97,181</span></a> and increased risk of mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1905"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">182</span></a> Recent publications have focused specifically on the impact of COVID-19 infection in ILDs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1910"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">183–186</span></a> A recent national Korean study compared two cohorts of patients with and without COVID-19, observing that the proportion of patients with ILDs was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cohort than in the matched cohort (adjusted OR 2.02; 95%CI, 1.54–2.61). Mortality is also higher in patients with ILDs compared to general population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1910"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">183–186</span></a> In addition, patients with fibrotic ILDs have probably higher rates of hospitalization and mortality compared to other ILDs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1910"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">183,185</span></a></p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After severe COVID-19 infection, pulmonary sequalae could be a long-term complication, including lung fibrosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1930"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">187,188</span></a> The consequences after COVID-19 infection in patients with ILDs are not clear. The possibility of acute exacerbation after COVID-19 infection has been described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1940"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">189</span></a> Viral infections could be the trigger of lung fibrosis exacerbation/progression. The potential fibrotic effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a fibrotic environment could have a huge impact in the prognosis of ILDs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1945"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">190</span></a> The real long-term impact of COVID-19 infection in ILD patients must be elucidated in the future.</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">General prevention measures (masks, social distance) and vaccination have been recommended to avoid risk of infection. Surprisingly, some cases of acute exacerbation after COVID-19 vaccination have been described in ILDs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1950"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">191–193</span></a> The benefit of vaccination is over the potential side effects of the vaccine, but physicians must monitor closely those patients that present respiratory worsening after vaccination.</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As patients with ILDs are a fragile population in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the management of these diseases has been consequently affected. Major issues for patients with ILDs have been described: restricted access to the diagnostic process, uncertainties in the use of common ILDs pharmacotherapies, limited ability to monitor both disease severity and medication adverse effects, and significantly curtailed research activities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1965"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">194</span></a> The development of telematic technologies rapidly raised during this period. Telehealth and home monitoring could be an option in the future for ILDs,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1970"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">195,196</span></a> but it still needs more development to be fully included in the habitual clinical management.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Smoking</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the statement that some authors have made as to whether nicotine could be a therapeutic option, even protective, for COVID-19 infection,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1980"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">197</span></a> Takagi<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1985"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">198</span></a> performed a meta-regression in which he demonstrated a positive association between the smoking prevalence and COVID-19 infection, independent of other co-variables; therefore, the hypothesis that the prognosis of the disease is better for being a smoker is not supported. Conversely, in this moment it is no doubt that current and past smoking produces a more severe clinical form of COVID-19 and more frequently leads these patients to be admitted to ICU, are intubated, and die.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1990"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">199,200</span></a> This association was more significant for former smokers than in current smokers,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2000"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">201</span></a> although some studies have found an evident trend toward a worse progression in smokers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1995"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">200</span></a> Clearly, smoking is an independent risk for having progression of COVID-19, including mortality,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">202</span></a> and people who smoke are at an increased risk of developing symptomatic COVID-19.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">203</span></a></p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Findings in the same line have been found between the consumption of electronic cigarettes (EC) and the infection by COVID-19: Vapers experience higher frequency of COVID-19 related symptoms when compared with age and gender matched non-vapers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">204</span></a></p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another question is, has the COVID-19 infections impacted smokers? A United Kingdom study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">205</span></a> in adults investigated changes in cigarette and EC use during the COVID-19 pandemic and what factors were associated with the changes. They found that many smokers and vapers tried to quit and a high proportion succeeded, others cut down or stayed the same. The pandemic provided motivation to quit smoking and on the other hand prompted vapers to return to cigarette smoking.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib2020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">205,206</span></a> In Pakistan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">207</span></a> like in Jordan,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">208</span></a> while many people stopped, reduced, or tried quitting smoking, some increased smoking, and some relapsed after quitting. Smokers in China<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">209</span></a> on average reduced their tobacco consumption after the nationwide viral outbreak had been contained, but there were differences: men, those with a longer history of consumption or residing in urban areas were less able to reduce their consumption. Some authors found that a majority of smokers were not affected by the pandemic in their consumption even knowing the effect of this association,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib2045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">210,211</span></a> and it has even been reported that many smokers have smoked more to calm down and deal with negative feelings and social impacts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">212</span></a> It is recognized that in the pandemic the motivation to quit smoking has increased slightly, correlating the above with social and well-being changes, but there were no changes in final abstinence or in the willingness to quit cigarettes, although the tendency to try an electronic cigarette increased.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib2060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">213,214</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conclusions</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">COVID-19 can affect the respiratory system in a variety of ways and across a spectrum of levels of disease severity, depending on a person's immune system, age and comorbidities. It is important that patients who have underlying lung disease can certainly have worsening of those conditions with contraction or exposure to COVID-19. Global public health effort is required to increase awareness about minimizing the burden of these comorbidities conditions that cause fatalities in COVID-19 infected peoples.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:17 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1717978" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1518199" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1717977" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1518200" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Obstructive sleep apnea" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Lung cancer" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Bronchiectasis" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Cystic fibrosis" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Vascular pulmonary diseases" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Asthma" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Interstitial lung diseases" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Smoking" ] 14 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 15 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 16 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-03-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-03-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1518199" "palabras" => array:10 [ 0 => "COVID-19" 1 => "Obstructive sleep apnea" 2 => "Lung cancer" 3 => "Bronchiectasis" 4 => "Smoking" 5 => "Vascular pulmonary diseases" 6 => "Asthma" 7 => "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" 8 => "Interstitial lung diseases" 9 => "Cystic fibrosis" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1518200" "palabras" => array:10 [ 0 => "COVID-19" 1 => "Apnea obstructiva del sueño" 2 => "Cáncer de pulmón" 3 => "Bronquiectasia" 4 => "Tabaquismo" 5 => "Enfermedades pulmonares vasculares" 6 => "Asma" 7 => "Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica" 8 => "Enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales" 9 => "Fibrosis quística" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Till now, it affected 452.4 million (Spain, 11.18 million) persons all over the world with a total of 6.04 million of deaths (Spain, 100,992). It is observed that 75% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have at least one COVID-19 associated comorbidity. It was shown that people with underlying chronic illnesses are more likely to get it and grow seriously ill. Individuals with COVID-19 who have a past medical history of cardiovascular disorder, cancer, obesity, chronic lung disease, diabetes, or neurological disease had the worst prognosis and are more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome or pneumonia. COVID-19 can affect the respiratory system in a variety of ways and across a spectrum of levels of disease severity, depending on a person's immune system, age and comorbidities. Symptoms can range from mild, such as cough, shortness of breath and fever, to critical disease, including respiratory failure, shock and multi-organ system failure. So, COVID-19 infection can cause overall worsening of these previous respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, etc. This review aims to provide information on the impact of the COVID-19 disease on pre-existing lung comorbidities.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) como pandemia. Hasta ahora, ha afectado a 452,4 millones (en España, 11,18 millones) de personas en todo el mundo, con un total de 6,04 millones de muertes (en España, 100.992). Se observa que el 75% de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 tienen al menos una morbilidad concomitante a esta enfermedad. Se ha demostrado que las personas con enfermedades crónicas subyacentes tienen más probabilidades de contraerla y enfermar gravemente. Los individuos con COVID-19 con antecedentes de trastorno cardiovascular, cáncer, obesidad, enfermedad pulmonar crónica, diabetes o enfermedad neurológica tienen el peor pronóstico, y son más propensos a sufrir el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda o neumonía. La COVID-19 puede afectar al sistema respiratorio de diversas maneras y en un espectro de gravedades de la enfermedad, dependiendo del sistema inmunitario de la persona, la edad y las comorbilidades. Los síntomas pueden ir desde los más leves, como tos, dificultad para respirar y fiebre, hasta los más graves, como insuficiencia respiratoria, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shock</span> y fallo multiorgánico. Así, la infección por COVID-19 puede generar un empeoramiento general de estas enfermedades respiratorias previas, como asma, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, enfermedad pulmonar intersticial, etc. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo proporcionar información sobre el impacto de la enfermedad por COVID-19 en las comorbilidades pulmonares preexistentes.</p></span>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1854 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 378418 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Health-care system changes in relation to COVID-19 pandemic in cystic fibrosis patients.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1977 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 448047 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mind map of the impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary vascular diseases. Connected by dashed lines, the evidences in relation to COVID-19 and pulmonary vascular diseases. Unconnected circles are thoughts of the COVID-19 pandemic. LMWH: low molecular weight heparin; PH/CTEPH: pulmonary hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Authors \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Country \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year(s) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Aims of the study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Choi et al. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">South Korea \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">January–May 2020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nested case-control study using data from the national COVID-19 cohort and a matched non-COVID cohort \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8070 COVID-19 patients132 (1.6%) had BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">To evaluate whether the prevalence of BE is higher in the COVID-19 cohort than in the matched cohortTo compare the clinical course and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with BE and those without BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rate of BE: 1.6% in the COVID-19 cohort and 1.4% in the matched cohort (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.030)Comparing COVID-19 patients with and without BE: Patients with BE were significantly older, with more pulmonary and extra-pulmonary comorbidities (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001)The proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 was higher in patients with BE (30.3% vs 13.1%; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001)BE patients needed significantly more oxygen therapy (29.6% vs 12.3%; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001) and ECMO (1.5% vs 0.3%; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.012), and had a significantly higher mortality (8.3% vs 2.8%; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Guan et al. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">China \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">December 2019–May 2020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Retrospective cohort study, data derived from the Chinese national COVID-19 reporting system \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39,420 COVID-19 patients313 (0.8%) had BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">To explore the association between chronic respiratory diseases and the clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Patients with COPD and asthma, but not BE, were more likely to reach the composite endpoint (needing invasive ventilation, admission to ICU or death within 30 days after hospitalization) compared with those without those diseases, after adjusting for age, sex, and other systemic comorbiditiesPatients with chronic respiratory diseases did not have an increased risk of death compared with those without \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aveyard et al. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">England \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">January 24–April 30, 2020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Population cohort study on patients from 1205 general practicesData derived from various English Public Health databases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8,256,161 COVID-19 patients41,271 (0.5%) had BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">To assess whether chronic lung disease or use of inhaled corticosteroids affects the risk of contracting severe COVID-19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">After full adjustment, people with respiratory diseases had an increased hospitalization risk: HR 1.54 for COPD, 1.18 for asthma, 1.29 for severe asthma, 1.34 for BEAfter full adjustment, there was no evidence that people with asthma, COPD, or BE were more likely to be admitted to ICU than the people without these conditionsAfter full adjustment, COPD was associated with a 54% increase in the risk of death due to COVID-19 (HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.54; 95%CI, 1.42–1.67). There was no significant evidence that people with BE (HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.12; 0.94–1.33) were at an increased risk of death \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Crichton et al. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Scotland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">March 2020–March 2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Prospective \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">147 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">To evaluate if social distancing during 2020 would be associated with reduced reported BE exacerbations, but no change in the chronic symptoms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Significant reduction in the number of exacerbations/patient (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001): 2.08 in 2018/2019; 2.01 in 2019/2020; 1.12 in 2020/2021Increase in the number of patients without exacerbations over a 12-month period: 22.4% in 2018/2019; 25.6% in 2019/2020; 52.3% in 2020/2021After adjusting for prior exacerbation history, patients with more severe symptoms were more likely to experience exacerbationsRespiratory symptoms were unchanged from the pre-pandemic period to the pandemic period \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2916200.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Publications that have examined the relationship between bronchiectasis (BE) and COVID-19.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major and rapid changes were necessary for the health care system \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The lower number of in-person visitsLower risk of cross-infection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Preventive measures such as using face masks and hand hygiene were reinforced \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Decrease in the exacerbations number (absence of other viral infection) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Patients reduced their physical activity during lockdown periods \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Increased anxiety and depression symptoms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Decrease in the number of lung function tests made at the hospitalSpirometry and oxygen saturation date were recorded at home \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sputum for microbiological cultures was recorded at home \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fewer lung transplantation was performed \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Reduced clinical trials: Multiple challenges for recruiting and following patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">It was necessary to implement telehealth and other monitoring systems for the future \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">It will be a challenge how to achieve appropriate levels of immunization in CF patients with a lung transplant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The long-term effects of COVID-19 on the CF population remain unknown \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2916199.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Short and long-term changes in cystic fibrosis patients in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">95%CI: 95% confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HBP: high blood pressure; HF: heart failure; IHD: ischemic heart disease; OR: odds ratio; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; PTE: pulmonary thromboembolism.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Model 1</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Model 2</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Model 3</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">COPD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.70 (1.29–2.23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">COPD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.52 (1.15–2.00) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">COPD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.42 (1.07–1.88) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.86 (1.53–2.26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.87 (1.54–2.28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.82 (1.49–2.22) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.06 (1.05–1.07) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.05 (1.04–1.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.05 (1.04–1.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.65 (1.33–2.03) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.46 (1.17–1.81) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HBP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.59 (1.24–2.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HBP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.43 (1.10–1.84) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stroke \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.02 (0.78–1.32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Arrythmia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.30 (1.01–1.71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IHD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.05 (0.81–1.36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.23 (1.01–1.50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dislipidaemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.03 (0.81–1.31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AOS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.27 (0.85–1.90) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PTE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.72 (1.08–2.75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Smoking \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.31 (0.991.71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2916198.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OR (95%CI) for risk of death in COVID-19 patients with COPD versus those without COPD, adjusted for most relevant covariates, in three models of multivariate logistic regression analysis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">133</span></a></p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:214 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1000" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa2002032" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1005" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "COVID-19 in youth and the fifth wave" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2021.08.019" "Revista" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1010" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality in a multicenter spanish cohort of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2021.02.021" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1015" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies and 423,117 patients" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12879-021-06536-3" "Revista" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1020" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comorbidities and mortality in patients with COVID-19 aged 60 years and older in a university hospital in Spain" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2020.06.010" "Revista" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1025" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors associated to hospital admission in a care protocol in COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.038" "Revista" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1030" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Risk and protective factors for COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s12016-022-08921-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1035" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global data analysis and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101505" "Revista" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1040" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 susceptibility and lung inflammatory storm by smoking and vaping" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12950-020-00250-8" "Revista" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1045" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Single-cell meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes across tissues and demographics" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/s41591-020-01227-z" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1050" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The impact of COVID-19 on the comorbidities: a review of recent updates for combating it" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.006" "Revista" => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1055" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Functional limitations post-COVID-19: a comprehensive assessment strategy" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.07.025" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1060" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung function sequelae in COVID-19 patients 3 months after hospital discharge" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2021.01.036" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1065" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bronchiectasis as a long-term consequence of SARS-COVID-19 pneumonia: future studies are needed" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2021.04.017" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1070" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term sequelae of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of one-year follow-up studies on post-COVID symptoms" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3390/pathogens11020269" "Revista" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1075" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pulmonary function in early follow-up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.07.017" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1080" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ivermectin treatment may improve the prognosis of patients with COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2020.08.011" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1085" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Biologic therapy in COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.007" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1090" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/14651858.CD015125" "Revista" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1095" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung recruitability of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients undergoing helmet CPAP" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.09.017" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1100" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Protective recommendations for non-invasive ventilation during COVID-19 pandemic: a bench evaluation of the effects of instrumental dead space on alveolar ventilation" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2021.01.012" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1105" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Non-invasive respiratory support therapies in COVID-19 related acute respiratory failure: looking at the neglected issues" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2021.02.007" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1110" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The use of non-invasive ventilation in COVID-19: a systematic review" …1 ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1115" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1120" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1125" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Radchenko C. Short- and Long-Term Lung Damage from COVID-19. UC Health. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.uchealth.com/en/media-room/covid-19/short-and-long-term-lung-damage-from-covid-19">https://www.uchealth.com/en/media-room/covid-19/short-and-long-term-lung-damage-from-covid-19</a> [accessed 13.3.22]." ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1130" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1135" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1140" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1145" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1150" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1155" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1160" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1165" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1170" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1175" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1180" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1185" "etiqueta" => "38" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1190" "etiqueta" => "39" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1195" "etiqueta" => "40" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1200" "etiqueta" => "41" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1205" "etiqueta" => "42" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1210" "etiqueta" => "43" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1215" "etiqueta" => "44" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1220" "etiqueta" => "45" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 45 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1225" "etiqueta" => "46" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 46 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1230" "etiqueta" => "47" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. Global Cancer Observatory. International Agency for Research on Cancer 2022. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://gco.iarc.fr/">https://gco.iarc.fr/</a> [accessed 18.3.22]." ] ] ] 47 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1235" "etiqueta" => "48" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 48 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1240" "etiqueta" => "49" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 49 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1245" "etiqueta" => "50" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 50 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1250" "etiqueta" => "51" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM). Las cifras del cáncer en España 2022. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://seom.org/images/LAS_CIFRAS_DEL_CANCER_EN_ESPANA_2022.pdf">https://seom.org/images/LAS_CIFRAS_DEL_CANCER_EN_ESPANA_2022.pdf</a> [accessed 18.3.22]." ] ] ] 51 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1255" "etiqueta" => "52" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 52 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1260" "etiqueta" => "53" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 53 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1265" "etiqueta" => "54" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 54 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1270" "etiqueta" => "55" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 55 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1275" "etiqueta" => "56" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 56 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1280" "etiqueta" => "57" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 57 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1285" "etiqueta" => "58" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 58 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1290" "etiqueta" => "59" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 59 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1295" "etiqueta" => "60" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 60 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1300" "etiqueta" => "61" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 61 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1305" "etiqueta" => "62" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 62 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1310" "etiqueta" => "63" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 63 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1315" "etiqueta" => "64" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 64 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1320" "etiqueta" => "65" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 65 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1325" "etiqueta" => "66" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 66 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1330" "etiqueta" => "67" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 67 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1335" "etiqueta" => "68" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 68 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1340" "etiqueta" => "69" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 69 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1345" "etiqueta" => "70" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 70 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1350" "etiqueta" => "71" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 71 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1355" "etiqueta" => "72" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 72 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1360" "etiqueta" => "73" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 73 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1365" "etiqueta" => "74" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 74 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1370" "etiqueta" => "75" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 75 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1375" "etiqueta" => "76" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 76 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1380" "etiqueta" => "77" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 77 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1385" "etiqueta" => "78" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 78 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1390" "etiqueta" => "79" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 79 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1395" "etiqueta" => "80" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 80 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1400" "etiqueta" => "81" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 81 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1405" "etiqueta" => "82" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "COVIDSurg Collaborative; GlobalSurg Collaborative. Timing of surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international prospective cohort study. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anaesthesia</span>. 2021;76:748–58. <a target="_blank" href="doi:10.1111/anae.15458">doi:10.1111/anae.15458</a>." ] ] ] 82 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1410" "etiqueta" => "83" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 83 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1415" "etiqueta" => "84" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network I, Antonoff M, Backhus L, Boffa DJ, Broderick SR, Brown LM, et al. COVID-19 guidance for triage of operations for thoracic malignancies: A consensus statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg</span>. 2020;160:601–5." ] ] ] 84 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1420" "etiqueta" => "85" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 85 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1425" "etiqueta" => "86" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 86 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1430" "etiqueta" => "87" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 87 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1435" "etiqueta" => "88" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 88 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1440" "etiqueta" => "89" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 89 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1445" "etiqueta" => "90" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 90 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1450" "etiqueta" => "91" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 91 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1455" "etiqueta" => "92" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 92 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1460" "etiqueta" => "93" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 93 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1465" "etiqueta" => "94" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 94 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1470" "etiqueta" => "95" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 95 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1475" "etiqueta" => "96" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 96 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1480" "etiqueta" => "97" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 97 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1485" "etiqueta" => "98" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 98 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1490" "etiqueta" => "99" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 99 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1495" "etiqueta" => "100" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 100 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1500" "etiqueta" => "101" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 101 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1505" "etiqueta" => "102" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 102 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1510" "etiqueta" => "103" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 103 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1515" "etiqueta" => "104" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 104 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1520" "etiqueta" => "105" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 105 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1525" "etiqueta" => "106" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 106 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1530" "etiqueta" => "107" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 107 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1535" "etiqueta" => "108" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 108 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1540" "etiqueta" => "109" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 109 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1545" "etiqueta" => "110" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 110 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1550" "etiqueta" => "111" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 111 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1555" "etiqueta" => "112" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 112 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1560" "etiqueta" => "113" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 113 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1565" "etiqueta" => "114" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 114 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1570" "etiqueta" => "115" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 115 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1575" "etiqueta" => "116" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 116 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1580" "etiqueta" => "117" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 117 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1585" "etiqueta" => "118" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 118 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1590" "etiqueta" => "119" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 119 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1595" "etiqueta" => "120" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 120 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1600" "etiqueta" => "121" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 121 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1605" "etiqueta" => "122" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 122 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1610" "etiqueta" => "123" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 123 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1615" "etiqueta" => "124" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 124 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1620" "etiqueta" => "125" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 125 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1625" "etiqueta" => "126" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 126 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1630" "etiqueta" => "127" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 127 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1635" "etiqueta" => "128" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 128 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1640" "etiqueta" => "129" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 129 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1645" "etiqueta" => "130" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 130 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1650" "etiqueta" => "131" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 131 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1655" "etiqueta" => "132" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 132 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1660" "etiqueta" => "133" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 133 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1665" "etiqueta" => "134" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 134 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1670" "etiqueta" => "135" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 135 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1675" "etiqueta" => "136" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 136 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1680" "etiqueta" => "137" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 137 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1685" "etiqueta" => "138" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 138 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1690" "etiqueta" => "139" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 139 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1695" "etiqueta" => "140" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 140 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1700" "etiqueta" => "141" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 141 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1705" "etiqueta" => "142" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 142 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1710" "etiqueta" => "143" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 143 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1715" "etiqueta" => "144" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 144 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1720" "etiqueta" => "145" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 145 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1725" "etiqueta" => "146" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 146 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1730" "etiqueta" => "147" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 147 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1735" "etiqueta" => "148" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 148 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1740" "etiqueta" => "149" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 149 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1745" "etiqueta" => "150" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) – NICECOVID-19 rapid guideline: Managing COVID19 v22.0-10/3/22 [Internet]. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://app.magicapp.org/">https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/6143/section/98163</a> [accessed 19.3.22]." ] ] ] 150 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1750" "etiqueta" => "151" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 151 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1755" "etiqueta" => "152" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 152 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1760" "etiqueta" => "153" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 153 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1765" "etiqueta" => "154" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 154 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1770" "etiqueta" => "155" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Bartczak K, Milkowska-dymanowska J. The Utility of Telemedicine In Managing Patients After COVID 19. Res Square. 2022;1-11. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs1293204/v1?utm_source=researcher_app%26utm_medium=referral%26utm_campaign=RESR_MRKT_Researcher_inbound">https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs1293204/v1?utm_source=researcher_app&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=RESR_MRKT_Researcher_inbound</a> [accessed 19.3.22]." ] ] ] 155 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1775" "etiqueta" => "156" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 156 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1780" "etiqueta" => "157" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 157 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1785" "etiqueta" => "158" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 158 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1790" "etiqueta" => "159" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 159 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1795" "etiqueta" => "160" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 160 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1800" "etiqueta" => "161" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 161 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1805" "etiqueta" => "162" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 162 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1810" "etiqueta" => "163" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 163 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1815" "etiqueta" => "164" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 164 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1820" "etiqueta" => "165" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 165 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1825" "etiqueta" => "166" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 166 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1830" "etiqueta" => "167" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 167 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1835" "etiqueta" => "168" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 168 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1840" "etiqueta" => "169" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 169 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1845" "etiqueta" => "170" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 170 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1850" "etiqueta" => "171" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 171 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1855" "etiqueta" => "172" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 172 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1860" "etiqueta" => "173" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 173 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1865" "etiqueta" => "174" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 174 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1870" "etiqueta" => "175" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 175 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1875" "etiqueta" => "176" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 176 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1880" "etiqueta" => "177" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 177 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1885" "etiqueta" => "178" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 178 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1890" "etiqueta" => "179" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 179 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1895" "etiqueta" => "180" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 180 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1900" "etiqueta" => "181" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 181 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1905" "etiqueta" => "182" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 182 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1910" "etiqueta" => "183" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 183 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1915" "etiqueta" => "184" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 184 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1920" "etiqueta" => "185" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 185 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1925" "etiqueta" => "186" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 186 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1930" "etiqueta" => "187" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 187 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1935" "etiqueta" => "188" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 188 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1940" "etiqueta" => "189" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 189 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1945" "etiqueta" => "190" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 190 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1950" "etiqueta" => "191" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 191 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1955" "etiqueta" => "192" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 192 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1960" "etiqueta" => "193" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 193 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1965" "etiqueta" => "194" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 194 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1970" "etiqueta" => "195" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 195 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1975" "etiqueta" => "196" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 196 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1980" "etiqueta" => "197" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 197 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1985" "etiqueta" => "198" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 198 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1990" "etiqueta" => "199" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 199 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1995" "etiqueta" => "200" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 200 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2000" "etiqueta" => "201" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 201 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2005" "etiqueta" => "202" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 202 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2010" "etiqueta" => "203" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 203 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2015" "etiqueta" => "204" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 204 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2020" "etiqueta" => "205" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 205 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2025" "etiqueta" => "206" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 206 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2030" "etiqueta" => "207" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 207 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2035" "etiqueta" => "208" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 208 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2040" "etiqueta" => "209" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 209 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2045" "etiqueta" => "210" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 210 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2050" "etiqueta" => "211" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 211 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2055" "etiqueta" => "212" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] 212 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2060" "etiqueta" => "213" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] 213 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2065" "etiqueta" => "214" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03002896/00000058000000S1/v2_202205240744/S0300289622002915/v2_202205240744/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "93559" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Review Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03002896/00000058000000S1/v2_202205240744/S0300289622002915/v2_202205240744/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289622002915?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
Year/Month | Html | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
2024 October | 210 | 56 | 266 |
2024 September | 252 | 42 | 294 |
2024 August | 210 | 52 | 262 |
2024 July | 178 | 29 | 207 |
2024 June | 189 | 68 | 257 |
2024 May | 212 | 65 | 277 |
2024 April | 148 | 64 | 212 |
2024 March | 190 | 40 | 230 |
2024 February | 187 | 97 | 284 |
2024 January | 194 | 41 | 235 |
2023 December | 180 | 28 | 208 |
2023 November | 293 | 69 | 362 |
2023 October | 305 | 61 | 366 |
2023 September | 271 | 70 | 341 |
2023 August | 227 | 55 | 282 |
2023 July | 233 | 31 | 264 |
2023 June | 243 | 33 | 276 |
2023 May | 214 | 47 | 261 |
2023 April | 219 | 60 | 279 |
2023 March | 255 | 85 | 340 |
2023 February | 232 | 52 | 284 |
2023 January | 215 | 97 | 312 |
2022 December | 310 | 80 | 390 |
2022 November | 361 | 87 | 448 |
2022 October | 384 | 140 | 524 |
2022 September | 354 | 74 | 428 |
2022 August | 203 | 69 | 272 |
2022 July | 255 | 72 | 327 |
2022 June | 496 | 91 | 587 |
2022 May | 304 | 84 | 388 |
2022 April | 101 | 15 | 116 |