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como en las adenopat&#237;as mediast&#237;nicas e hiliares y los n&#243;dulos pulmonares referidos en la TC&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La fibrobroncoscopia realizada antes del PET objetiv&#243; una mucosa engrosada e irregular sugestiva de infiltraci&#243;n neopl&#225;sica en la entrada del bronquio lobar medio&#46; Las muestras de biopsia obtenidas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; confirmaron el diagn&#243;stico de carcinoma pulmonar tipo linfoepitelioma-like&#46; Se realiz&#243; una valoraci&#243;n por el servicio de otorrinolaringolog&#237;a que descart&#243; la presencia de un linfoepitelioma primario de nasofaringe&#46; Tres semanas despu&#233;s de la primera visita&#44; el paciente fue remitido al servicio de oncolog&#237;a m&#233;dica con el diagn&#243;stico de carcinoma pulmonar tipo linfoepitelioma-like estadio IVA &#40;T4N3M1a&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> donde se inici&#243; tratamiento con carboplatino y pemetrexed&#46; Tras 2 ciclos de quimioterapia el paciente present&#243; progresi&#243;n de la enfermedad tanto pulmonar como pancre&#225;tica&#46; Finalmente&#44; se inici&#243; un segundo esquema de tratamiento con carboplatino y gemcitabina&#44; permaneciendo cl&#237;nicamente estable y con respuesta metab&#243;lica seg&#250;n los criterios Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors &#40;RECIST&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El carcinoma pulmonar tipo linfoepitelioma-like&#44; descrito por primera vez en 1987<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; es uno de los subtipos histol&#243;gicos pulmonares m&#225;s infrecuentes&#46; Dado que la gran mayor&#237;a de casos de linfoepitelioma afectan a la nasofaringe&#44; es necesario descartar su presencia a este nivel antes de considerar como primaria la afectaci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Uno de los aspectos m&#225;s relevantes de este tipo de carcinoma es la potencial acci&#243;n carcinog&#233;nica del VEB&#46; De hecho&#44; la prueba de laboratorio m&#225;s utilizada para demostrar el papel de este virus en la g&#233;nesis del linfoepitelioma es la identificaci&#243;n de fracciones de RNA no codificante localizadas en el n&#250;cleo de las c&#233;lulas infectadas por el virus &#40;Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs &#91;EBERs&#93;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Se cree que las part&#237;culas EBER&#44; identificadas por primera vez en 1981&#44; interactuar&#237;an con diversas prote&#237;nas del hu&#233;sped para formar complejos ribonucleoproteicos&#46; Aunque la funci&#243;n espec&#237;fica de los EBER sigue sin dilucidarse&#44; se cree que podr&#237;an tener un papel relevante en la oncog&#233;nesis de este tumor&#46; Por otra parte&#44; Xie et al&#46; proponen que la concentraci&#243;n de DNA de VEB en sangre podr&#237;a ser un marcador &#250;til en el carcinoma linfoepitelioma-like pulmonar&#44; ya que los pacientes que presentan cifras elevadas en sangre pre-tratamiento&#44; parecen tener tasas de supervivencia menores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; La mayor&#237;a de pacientes afectos de linfoepitelioma proceden del Este de Asia &#40;zona end&#233;mica de carcinoma nasofar&#237;ngeo&#41; y&#44; aunque es m&#225;s frecuente en no fumadores&#44; en la poblaci&#243;n cauc&#225;sica parece estar m&#225;s asociado al tabaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dado que el linfoepitelioma-like pulmonar es una entidad poco frecuente&#44; apenas existen estudios prospectivos que eval&#250;en las distintas opciones terap&#233;uticas&#46; En principio se utiliza la misma estrategia que en el carcinoma pulmonar no c&#233;lula peque&#241;a &#40;CPNCP&#41;&#59; siendo la resecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica la opci&#243;n terap&#233;utica de elecci&#243;n&#46; En los casos no quir&#250;rgicos la quimioterapia basada en cisplatino ser&#237;a la alternativa a la cirug&#237;a&#44; habiendo autores que sugieren una mayor sensibilidad a la quimioterapia que en el CPNCP y proponen utilizarla en esquema de neoadyuvancia en casos seleccionados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#46; Actualmente&#44; el papel de la inmunoterapia en este tipo de tumor es desconocido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; el linfoepitelioma-like pulmonar es un tumor muy poco frecuente especialmente en la poblaci&#243;n cauc&#225;sica&#44; en el que el VEB juega probablemente un papel patog&#233;nico relevante que se demuestra por la identificaci&#243;n de EBER en las c&#233;lulas tumorales y cuyo manejo terap&#233;utico es similar al del CPNCP&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Tinci&#243;n de hematoxilina-eosina &#215;100&#44; donde se observan &#225;reas de clara diferenciaci&#243;n epitelial con citoplasmas amplios y eosin&#243;filos&#44; y muy abundantes linfocitos en el estroma&#46; B&#41; El estudio inmunohistoqu&#237;mico es positivo para citoqueratina AE1&#47;AE3&#46; C&#41; Llamativa positividad de todas las c&#233;lulas epiteliales at&#237;picas para EBER &#40;VEB-encoded small nuclear RNA&#41;&#46;</p>"
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Carta Científica
Linfoepitelioma-like primario pulmonar en paciente no asiático
Primary Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma in a Non-Asian Patient
Marta Llabrés de Pradaa, Roberto Martin-Deleona,
Corresponding author
robermartin48@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Daniel Martinezb, Carmen M. Lucenaa, Carles Agustía
a Servicio de Neumología y Alergia Respiratoria, Instituto Clínico Respiratorio, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El linfoepitelioma es un carcinoma indiferenciado que se caracteriza por una infiltraci&#243;n del estroma debido a la presencia de c&#233;lulas epiteliales at&#237;picas&#44; asociadas a un denso infiltrado inflamatorio benigno reactivo&#44; rico en linfocitos y c&#233;lulas plasm&#225;ticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La gran mayor&#237;a de casos se localizan en la nasofaringe y de forma caracter&#237;stica se presentan en pacientes asi&#225;ticos habi&#233;ndose sugerido una asociaci&#243;n etiopatog&#233;nica con el virus de Epstein-Barr &#40;VEB&#41;&#46; Cuando el linfoepitelioma afecta a otras localizaciones anat&#243;micas &#40;mayoritariamente gl&#225;ndulas salivales&#44; par&#243;tida o timo&#41; se denomina carcinoma linfoepitelioma-like<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos el caso de un var&#243;n cauc&#225;sico de 66 a&#241;os exfumador de 22 paquetes&#47;a&#241;o con antecedentes de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41; GOLD 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A no tratada&#46; A ra&#237;z del cuadro de tos persistente de varias semanas de evoluci&#243;n se realiz&#243; una tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; que evidenci&#243; una condensaci&#243;n irregular en el l&#243;bulo medio &#40;LM&#41;&#44; m&#250;ltiples n&#243;dulos pulmonares bilaterales y adenopat&#237;as hiliares y mediast&#237;nicas bilaterales de tama&#241;o significativo junto con la presencia de moderado derrame peric&#225;rdico&#46; En la anal&#237;tica sangu&#237;nea &#250;nicamente destacaba un aumento de CYFRA 21&#46;1 &#40;27&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41; y de enolasa neuronal espec&#237;fica &#40;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; Una tomograf&#237;a por emisi&#243;n de positrones &#40;PET&#41; mostr&#243; un aumento de captaci&#243;n de <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-fluordesoxiglucosa tanto en la consolidaci&#243;n del LM&#44; como en las adenopat&#237;as mediast&#237;nicas e hiliares y los n&#243;dulos pulmonares referidos en la TC&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La fibrobroncoscopia realizada antes del PET objetiv&#243; una mucosa engrosada e irregular sugestiva de infiltraci&#243;n neopl&#225;sica en la entrada del bronquio lobar medio&#46; Las muestras de biopsia obtenidas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; confirmaron el diagn&#243;stico de carcinoma pulmonar tipo linfoepitelioma-like&#46; Se realiz&#243; una valoraci&#243;n por el servicio de otorrinolaringolog&#237;a que descart&#243; la presencia de un linfoepitelioma primario de nasofaringe&#46; Tres semanas despu&#233;s de la primera visita&#44; el paciente fue remitido al servicio de oncolog&#237;a m&#233;dica con el diagn&#243;stico de carcinoma pulmonar tipo linfoepitelioma-like estadio IVA &#40;T4N3M1a&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> donde se inici&#243; tratamiento con carboplatino y pemetrexed&#46; Tras 2 ciclos de quimioterapia el paciente present&#243; progresi&#243;n de la enfermedad tanto pulmonar como pancre&#225;tica&#46; Finalmente&#44; se inici&#243; un segundo esquema de tratamiento con carboplatino y gemcitabina&#44; permaneciendo cl&#237;nicamente estable y con respuesta metab&#243;lica seg&#250;n los criterios Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors &#40;RECIST&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El carcinoma pulmonar tipo linfoepitelioma-like&#44; descrito por primera vez en 1987<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; es uno de los subtipos histol&#243;gicos pulmonares m&#225;s infrecuentes&#46; Dado que la gran mayor&#237;a de casos de linfoepitelioma afectan a la nasofaringe&#44; es necesario descartar su presencia a este nivel antes de considerar como primaria la afectaci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Uno de los aspectos m&#225;s relevantes de este tipo de carcinoma es la potencial acci&#243;n carcinog&#233;nica del VEB&#46; De hecho&#44; la prueba de laboratorio m&#225;s utilizada para demostrar el papel de este virus en la g&#233;nesis del linfoepitelioma es la identificaci&#243;n de fracciones de RNA no codificante localizadas en el n&#250;cleo de las c&#233;lulas infectadas por el virus &#40;Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs &#91;EBERs&#93;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Se cree que las part&#237;culas EBER&#44; identificadas por primera vez en 1981&#44; interactuar&#237;an con diversas prote&#237;nas del hu&#233;sped para formar complejos ribonucleoproteicos&#46; Aunque la funci&#243;n espec&#237;fica de los EBER sigue sin dilucidarse&#44; se cree que podr&#237;an tener un papel relevante en la oncog&#233;nesis de este tumor&#46; Por otra parte&#44; Xie et al&#46; proponen que la concentraci&#243;n de DNA de VEB en sangre podr&#237;a ser un marcador &#250;til en el carcinoma linfoepitelioma-like pulmonar&#44; ya que los pacientes que presentan cifras elevadas en sangre pre-tratamiento&#44; parecen tener tasas de supervivencia menores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; La mayor&#237;a de pacientes afectos de linfoepitelioma proceden del Este de Asia &#40;zona end&#233;mica de carcinoma nasofar&#237;ngeo&#41; y&#44; aunque es m&#225;s frecuente en no fumadores&#44; en la poblaci&#243;n cauc&#225;sica parece estar m&#225;s asociado al tabaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dado que el linfoepitelioma-like pulmonar es una entidad poco frecuente&#44; apenas existen estudios prospectivos que eval&#250;en las distintas opciones terap&#233;uticas&#46; En principio se utiliza la misma estrategia que en el carcinoma pulmonar no c&#233;lula peque&#241;a &#40;CPNCP&#41;&#59; siendo la resecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica la opci&#243;n terap&#233;utica de elecci&#243;n&#46; En los casos no quir&#250;rgicos la quimioterapia basada en cisplatino ser&#237;a la alternativa a la cirug&#237;a&#44; habiendo autores que sugieren una mayor sensibilidad a la quimioterapia que en el CPNCP y proponen utilizarla en esquema de neoadyuvancia en casos seleccionados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#46; Actualmente&#44; el papel de la inmunoterapia en este tipo de tumor es desconocido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; el linfoepitelioma-like pulmonar es un tumor muy poco frecuente especialmente en la poblaci&#243;n cauc&#225;sica&#44; en el que el VEB juega probablemente un papel patog&#233;nico relevante que se demuestra por la identificaci&#243;n de EBER en las c&#233;lulas tumorales y cuyo manejo terap&#233;utico es similar al del CPNCP&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Tinci&#243;n de hematoxilina-eosina &#215;100&#44; donde se observan &#225;reas de clara diferenciaci&#243;n epitelial con citoplasmas amplios y eosin&#243;filos&#44; y muy abundantes linfocitos en el estroma&#46; B&#41; El estudio inmunohistoqu&#237;mico es positivo para citoqueratina AE1&#47;AE3&#46; C&#41; Llamativa positividad de todas las c&#233;lulas epiteliales at&#237;picas para EBER &#40;VEB-encoded small nuclear RNA&#41;&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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