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y explorar sus posibles aportaciones en la evaluaci&#243;n diagn&#243;stica de los derrames&#46; Para ello se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo en pacientes consecutivos con derrame pleural a los que se les realiz&#243; una toracocentesis diagn&#243;stica&#46; De cada paciente&#44; se recogieron los siguientes datos&#58; edad&#44; sexo&#44; an&#225;lisis bioqu&#237;mico del l&#237;quido pleural y de sangre&#46; &#218;nicamente se tuvieron en cuenta los resultados obtenidos tras la primera toracocentesis&#46; El estudio fue aprobado por el Comit&#233; &#201;tico de Investigaci&#243;n Cl&#237;nica de nuestro centro&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron en el estudio 87 pacientes &#40;42 mujeres&#44; 48&#37;&#41; de una edad &#40;media&#44; &#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#41; de 70 &#40;&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41; a&#241;os&#46; Los derrames fueron 21 trasudados &#40;24&#37;&#41; y 66 exudados &#40;76&#37;&#41;&#46; De los exudados&#44; 14 &#40;21&#37;&#41; fueron de origen infeccioso&#44; 21 &#40;32&#37;&#41; se deb&#237;an a otros procesos benignos y 31 &#40;47&#37;&#41; a enfermedades malignas&#46; Se analiz&#243; el nivel de cistatina C en l&#237;quido pleural y la ratio cistatina C&#47;creatinina para normalizar los valores por la funci&#243;n renal&#46; La comparaci&#243;n de los resultados se realiz&#243; mediante an&#225;lisis de la varianza&#44; y los valores de sensibilidad&#44; especificidad y bondad de la prueba mediante el &#225;rea bajo la curva <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">receiving operating characteristic</span> &#40;ROC&#41;&#46; Se estableci&#243; como significativo un valor de p inferior a 0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> se detallan los valores de los 3 grupos de inter&#233;s cl&#237;nico &#40;trasudados&#44; exudados benignos y exudados malignos&#41;&#46; Las diferencias entre los distintos grupos diagn&#243;sticos no alcanzaron la significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#46; Las &#225;reas bajo la curva para diferenciar trasudados de exudados y para diferenciar exudados benignos de malignos fueron&#44; en todos los casos&#44; inferiores a 0&#44;70&#46; No se pudieron establecer valores de corte de sensibilidad y especificidad que mejoraran los resultados descritos para los criterios cl&#225;sicos o los par&#225;metros de uso habitual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La determinaci&#243;n de par&#225;metros bioqu&#237;micos en el l&#237;quido pleural constituye un paso fundamental del estudio diagn&#243;stico&#44; y permiten realizar una primera aproximaci&#243;n diagn&#243;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s de los par&#225;metros habituales para diferenciar trasudados de exudados&#44; para el diagn&#243;stico de tuberculosis o el pron&#243;stico de los derrames paraneum&#243;nicos&#44; algunas determinaciones han mostrado una gran utilidad por ser caracter&#237;sticas de algunas etiolog&#237;as concretas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12</span></a>&#46; El reciente inter&#233;s de la determinaci&#243;n de la cistatina C por su papel en diversas enfermedades y la inicial descripci&#243;n de sus niveles en l&#237;quido pleural justificaban una evaluaci&#243;n metodol&#243;gicamente adecuada de su posible utilidad diagn&#243;stica&#46; Domej et al&#46;&#44; encontraron que los valores de cistatina C en l&#237;quido pleural pod&#237;an variar en funci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a del derrame<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; En su trabajo piloto&#44; los autores obtuvieron mayores concentraciones de cistatina C en l&#237;quido pleural en derrames de origen infeccioso&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estos hallazgos se limitaron a un escaso n&#250;mero de pacientes&#46; En nuestra experiencia&#44; los valores de cistatina C en l&#237;quido pleural &#40;directamente o corregidos por la funci&#243;n renal&#41; no difieren de modo significativo entre los distintos grupos diagn&#243;sticos&#46; Al contrario de lo mostrado en el estudio de Domej et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; no hemos obtenido resultados que permitan mostrar que la determinaci&#243;n de estos par&#225;metros tenga una potencial utilidad en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica&#46;</p></span>"
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Z&#46; Zhang"
                            1 => "B&#46; Lu"
                            2 => "X&#46; Sheng"
                            3 => "N&#46; Jin"
                            4 => "C&#46; Cystatin"
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                        "volumen" => "58"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.006"
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                            1 => "G&#46;P&#46; Tilz"
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                      "titulo" => "Evaluaci&#243;n diagn&#243;stica del derrame pleural"
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                          "etal" => false
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
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Carta Científica
Cistatina C en el derrame pleural
Cystatin C in Pleural Effusion
María José Soler-Semperea,
Corresponding author
majosoler1@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Marina Pellicer-Masb, Beatriz Quevedo-Sánchezc, Eduardo García-Pachóna
a Sección de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España
b Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España
c Unidad de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España
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        "titulo" => "Cystatin C in Pleural Effusion"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La cistatina C es un inhibidor end&#243;geno de las proteasas que se puede detectar en suero y en los l&#237;quidos biol&#243;gicos&#46; Su principal utilidad cl&#237;nica es el estudio de la afectaci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; se conoce que tiene un papel en la regulaci&#243;n de m&#250;ltiples enfermedades<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; y esto ha dado lugar a un creciente inter&#233;s en su determinaci&#243;n en diversas enfermedades&#44; incluyendo la insuficiencia card&#237;aca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; la progresi&#243;n del c&#225;ncer<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; las alteraciones de la inmunidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> o el pron&#243;stico de la EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el l&#237;quido pleural se ha descrito tambi&#233;n la presencia de cistatina C<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; y se ha mostrado que su determinaci&#243;n podr&#237;a constituir un &#250;til marcador diagn&#243;stico en el estudio de la etiolog&#237;a del derrame<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esta posibilidad no se ha evaluado de forma adecuada&#44; y los resultados se limitan a un reducido n&#250;mero de pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de nuestro estudio era analizar los niveles de cistatina C en el l&#237;quido pleural&#44; y explorar sus posibles aportaciones en la evaluaci&#243;n diagn&#243;stica de los derrames&#46; Para ello se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo en pacientes consecutivos con derrame pleural a los que se les realiz&#243; una toracocentesis diagn&#243;stica&#46; De cada paciente&#44; se recogieron los siguientes datos&#58; edad&#44; sexo&#44; an&#225;lisis bioqu&#237;mico del l&#237;quido pleural y de sangre&#46; &#218;nicamente se tuvieron en cuenta los resultados obtenidos tras la primera toracocentesis&#46; El estudio fue aprobado por el Comit&#233; &#201;tico de Investigaci&#243;n Cl&#237;nica de nuestro centro&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron en el estudio 87 pacientes &#40;42 mujeres&#44; 48&#37;&#41; de una edad &#40;media&#44; &#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#41; de 70 &#40;&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41; a&#241;os&#46; Los derrames fueron 21 trasudados &#40;24&#37;&#41; y 66 exudados &#40;76&#37;&#41;&#46; De los exudados&#44; 14 &#40;21&#37;&#41; fueron de origen infeccioso&#44; 21 &#40;32&#37;&#41; se deb&#237;an a otros procesos benignos y 31 &#40;47&#37;&#41; a enfermedades malignas&#46; Se analiz&#243; el nivel de cistatina C en l&#237;quido pleural y la ratio cistatina C&#47;creatinina para normalizar los valores por la funci&#243;n renal&#46; La comparaci&#243;n de los resultados se realiz&#243; mediante an&#225;lisis de la varianza&#44; y los valores de sensibilidad&#44; especificidad y bondad de la prueba mediante el &#225;rea bajo la curva <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">receiving operating characteristic</span> &#40;ROC&#41;&#46; Se estableci&#243; como significativo un valor de p inferior a 0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> se detallan los valores de los 3 grupos de inter&#233;s cl&#237;nico &#40;trasudados&#44; exudados benignos y exudados malignos&#41;&#46; Las diferencias entre los distintos grupos diagn&#243;sticos no alcanzaron la significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#46; Las &#225;reas bajo la curva para diferenciar trasudados de exudados y para diferenciar exudados benignos de malignos fueron&#44; en todos los casos&#44; inferiores a 0&#44;70&#46; No se pudieron establecer valores de corte de sensibilidad y especificidad que mejoraran los resultados descritos para los criterios cl&#225;sicos o los par&#225;metros de uso habitual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La determinaci&#243;n de par&#225;metros bioqu&#237;micos en el l&#237;quido pleural constituye un paso fundamental del estudio diagn&#243;stico&#44; y permiten realizar una primera aproximaci&#243;n diagn&#243;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s de los par&#225;metros habituales para diferenciar trasudados de exudados&#44; para el diagn&#243;stico de tuberculosis o el pron&#243;stico de los derrames paraneum&#243;nicos&#44; algunas determinaciones han mostrado una gran utilidad por ser caracter&#237;sticas de algunas etiolog&#237;as concretas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12</span></a>&#46; El reciente inter&#233;s de la determinaci&#243;n de la cistatina C por su papel en diversas enfermedades y la inicial descripci&#243;n de sus niveles en l&#237;quido pleural justificaban una evaluaci&#243;n metodol&#243;gicamente adecuada de su posible utilidad diagn&#243;stica&#46; Domej et al&#46;&#44; encontraron que los valores de cistatina C en l&#237;quido pleural pod&#237;an variar en funci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a del derrame<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; En su trabajo piloto&#44; los autores obtuvieron mayores concentraciones de cistatina C en l&#237;quido pleural en derrames de origen infeccioso&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estos hallazgos se limitaron a un escaso n&#250;mero de pacientes&#46; En nuestra experiencia&#44; los valores de cistatina C en l&#237;quido pleural &#40;directamente o corregidos por la funci&#243;n renal&#41; no difieren de modo significativo entre los distintos grupos diagn&#243;sticos&#46; Al contrario de lo mostrado en el estudio de Domej et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; no hemos obtenido resultados que permitan mostrar que la determinaci&#243;n de estos par&#225;metros tenga una potencial utilidad en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica&#46;</p></span>"
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                      "titulo" => "in prediction of acute kidney injury&#58; A systemic review and meta-analysis"
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                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Z&#46; Zhang"
                            1 => "B&#46; Lu"
                            2 => "X&#46; Sheng"
                            3 => "N&#46; Jin"
                            4 => "C&#46; Cystatin"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.02.389"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Kidney Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
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                            0 => "Y&#46; Xu"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Ding"
                            2 => "X&#46; Li"
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                      "titulo" => "Association of cystatin C with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in elderly hypertensive patients&#58; Potential role of altered collagen metabolism"
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            0 => "M&#46; Zi"
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                      "titulo" => "The ratio serum creatinine&#47;serum cystatin C &#40;a surrogate marker of muscle mass&#41; as a Predictor of Hospitalization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Outpatients"
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                            3 => "A&#46;R&#46; Guerra"
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                            5 => "L&#46; Ramos"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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