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no hemos encontrado referencias sobre el particular&#46; Presentamos un caso de infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span> en un paciente con EPOC grave y diagn&#243;stico de carcinoma de c&#233;lulas escamosas&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Var&#243;n de 73 a&#241;os de edad&#44; fumador activo y diagnosticado de EPOC grave en 2006&#46; Consult&#243; por astenia&#44; dolor epig&#225;strico&#44; p&#233;rdida de peso y tos productiva sin fiebre&#46; El &#250;nico hallazgo relevante en la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica era un deficiente estado de nutrici&#243;n&#46; Anal&#237;ticamente destacaba anemia normoc&#237;tica normocr&#243;mica &#40;hemoglobina 10&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#41;&#44; con VSG de 46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm y ferritina de 9&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml &#40;valor normal&#58; 30-400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax revel&#243; un infiltrado en el l&#243;bulo superior izquierdo &#40;LSI&#41;&#44; granulomas dispersos y atrapamiento a&#233;reo bilateral&#46; El estudio endosc&#243;pico digestivo mostr&#243; esofagitis por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Candida</span>&#44; duodenitis erosiva con test de la ureasa negativo y divert&#237;culos en colon&#46; En 3 muestras de esputo se observaron bacilos &#225;cido-alcohol resistentes&#44; motivo por el cual se inici&#243; tratamiento con isoniacida&#44; rifampicina&#44; pirazinamida y etambutol&#44; adem&#225;s de hierro oral y fluconazol&#46; El cultivo de los 3 esputos en medio de L&#246;wenstein evidenci&#243; crecimiento de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span>&#44; lo que motiv&#243; un cambio de la terapia antimicrobiana&#44; inici&#225;ndose tratamiento con claritromicina&#44; rifampicina y etambutol&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La TC de t&#243;rax &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; confirm&#243; la existencia de una lesi&#243;n s&#243;lida de bordes espiculados con cavitaci&#243;n central en el LSI&#44; de 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; con una pared de 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de grosor&#44; en contig&#252;idad con otra lesi&#243;n paramediast&#237;nica de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; as&#237; como signos de enfisema y m&#250;ltiples granulomas calcificados&#46; En la broncoscopia no hab&#237;a lesiones endoluminales ni alteraciones de la mucosa&#46; La PET-TC confirm&#243; una masa hipermetab&#243;lica en el v&#233;rtice pulmonar izquierdo que impresionaba de neoplasia pulmonar maligna&#46; La biopsia transbronquial fue diagn&#243;stica de carcinoma de c&#233;lulas escamosas&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span> suelen manifestarse con sintomatolog&#237;a inespec&#237;fica como disnea&#44; tos o p&#233;rdida de peso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; y afectan principalmente a varones con EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#46; Las alteraciones radiol&#243;gicas son diversas y tienden a persistir&#46; Es frecuente la presencia de lesiones cavitadas en l&#243;bulos superiores&#44; masas&#44; n&#243;dulos miliares y adenopat&#237;as mediast&#237;nicas o hiliares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Woodring y Fried<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> encontraron que la mayor&#237;a de cavidades con un grosor superior a 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm se correspond&#237;a&#44; como en nuestro caso&#44; con neoplasias&#46; Hasta donde hemos podido conocer se han publicado 3 casos de infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span> asociado a c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#58; adenocarcinoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#44; c&#233;lulas grandes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> y epidermoide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; en ninguno de los cuales el diagn&#243;stico de las 2 entidades fue simult&#225;neo&#44; como en el que presentamos&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico de estas enfermedades exige el crecimiento de la micobacteria en 3 cultivos de esputo&#44; as&#237; como una compatibilidad cl&#237;nica y radiol&#243;gica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Se desconoce la asociaci&#243;n y duraci&#243;n &#243;ptima del tratamiento para las infecciones pulmonares por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span>&#46; Seg&#250;n los criterios actuales de infecci&#243;n por MNT &#40;ATS&#47;IDSA 2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> se recomienda la asociaci&#243;n de rifampicina&#44; etambutol y claritromicina &#8212;o moxifloxacino&#44; por su baja concentraci&#243;n inhibitoria frente a micobacterias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#8212; durante al menos 12 meses&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque la infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span> es excepcional&#44; creemos que el presente caso ilustra la conveniencia de descartar una infecci&#243;n por MNT ante la coexistencia de s&#237;ntomas o signos inespec&#237;ficos como la p&#233;rdida de peso o la anemia en pacientes con EPOC y neoplasia pulmonar&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; TC coronal con ventana de pulm&#243;n&#58; masa cavitada con pared gruesa irregular de 18 mm en l&#243;bulo superior izquierdo que se contin&#250;a hacia el mediastino&#46; B&#41; PET-TC axial&#58; la masa muestra alta captaci&#243;n de fluorodesoxiglucosa&#44; con un valor est&#225;ndar de captaci&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;standard uptake value&#41;</span> de 28&#44;38 unidades&#46;</p>"
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Carta científica
Mycobacterium xenopi y carcinoma pulmonar de células escamosas
Mycobacterium xenopi and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Miguel Martín Asenjoa,
Corresponding author
miguel.martin.asenjo@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Javier Miguel Martín Guerraa, María Rosa López Pedreirab, José María Prieto de Paulaa
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
b Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
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sudeste de Gran Breta&#241;a y norte de Francia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; y que se demostr&#243; por primera vez en pacientes inmunodeprimidos&#46; El principal factor de riesgo para la enfermedad son las enfermedades pulmonares cr&#243;nicas&#44; en las que el microorganismo puede colonizar las v&#237;as respiratorias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Se han publicado casos de infecci&#243;n por micobacteria en pacientes con diagn&#243;stico de neoplasia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; pero son excepcionales los casos publicados por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span>&#46; Seg&#250;n la bibliograf&#237;a consultada en los buscadores habituales&#44; Medline y Pubmed&#44; para art&#237;culos en castellano &#40;palabras clave&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium xenopi</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">lung cancer</span>&#41; no hemos encontrado referencias sobre el particular&#46; Presentamos un caso de infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span> en un paciente con EPOC grave y diagn&#243;stico de carcinoma de c&#233;lulas escamosas&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Var&#243;n de 73 a&#241;os de edad&#44; fumador activo y diagnosticado de EPOC grave en 2006&#46; Consult&#243; por astenia&#44; dolor epig&#225;strico&#44; p&#233;rdida de peso y tos productiva sin fiebre&#46; El &#250;nico hallazgo relevante en la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica era un deficiente estado de nutrici&#243;n&#46; Anal&#237;ticamente destacaba anemia normoc&#237;tica normocr&#243;mica &#40;hemoglobina 10&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#41;&#44; con VSG de 46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm y ferritina de 9&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml &#40;valor normal&#58; 30-400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax revel&#243; un infiltrado en el l&#243;bulo superior izquierdo &#40;LSI&#41;&#44; granulomas dispersos y atrapamiento a&#233;reo bilateral&#46; El estudio endosc&#243;pico digestivo mostr&#243; esofagitis por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Candida</span>&#44; duodenitis erosiva con test de la ureasa negativo y divert&#237;culos en colon&#46; En 3 muestras de esputo se observaron bacilos &#225;cido-alcohol resistentes&#44; motivo por el cual se inici&#243; tratamiento con isoniacida&#44; rifampicina&#44; pirazinamida y etambutol&#44; adem&#225;s de hierro oral y fluconazol&#46; El cultivo de los 3 esputos en medio de L&#246;wenstein evidenci&#243; crecimiento de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span>&#44; lo que motiv&#243; un cambio de la terapia antimicrobiana&#44; inici&#225;ndose tratamiento con claritromicina&#44; rifampicina y etambutol&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La TC de t&#243;rax &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; confirm&#243; la existencia de una lesi&#243;n s&#243;lida de bordes espiculados con cavitaci&#243;n central en el LSI&#44; de 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; con una pared de 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de grosor&#44; en contig&#252;idad con otra lesi&#243;n paramediast&#237;nica de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; as&#237; como signos de enfisema y m&#250;ltiples granulomas calcificados&#46; En la broncoscopia no hab&#237;a lesiones endoluminales ni alteraciones de la mucosa&#46; La PET-TC confirm&#243; una masa hipermetab&#243;lica en el v&#233;rtice pulmonar izquierdo que impresionaba de neoplasia pulmonar maligna&#46; La biopsia transbronquial fue diagn&#243;stica de carcinoma de c&#233;lulas escamosas&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span> suelen manifestarse con sintomatolog&#237;a inespec&#237;fica como disnea&#44; tos o p&#233;rdida de peso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; y afectan principalmente a varones con EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#46; Las alteraciones radiol&#243;gicas son diversas y tienden a persistir&#46; Es frecuente la presencia de lesiones cavitadas en l&#243;bulos superiores&#44; masas&#44; n&#243;dulos miliares y adenopat&#237;as mediast&#237;nicas o hiliares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Woodring y Fried<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> encontraron que la mayor&#237;a de cavidades con un grosor superior a 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm se correspond&#237;a&#44; como en nuestro caso&#44; con neoplasias&#46; Hasta donde hemos podido conocer se han publicado 3 casos de infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span> asociado a c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#58; adenocarcinoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#44; c&#233;lulas grandes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> y epidermoide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; en ninguno de los cuales el diagn&#243;stico de las 2 entidades fue simult&#225;neo&#44; como en el que presentamos&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico de estas enfermedades exige el crecimiento de la micobacteria en 3 cultivos de esputo&#44; as&#237; como una compatibilidad cl&#237;nica y radiol&#243;gica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Se desconoce la asociaci&#243;n y duraci&#243;n &#243;ptima del tratamiento para las infecciones pulmonares por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span>&#46; Seg&#250;n los criterios actuales de infecci&#243;n por MNT &#40;ATS&#47;IDSA 2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> se recomienda la asociaci&#243;n de rifampicina&#44; etambutol y claritromicina &#8212;o moxifloxacino&#44; por su baja concentraci&#243;n inhibitoria frente a micobacterias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#8212; durante al menos 12 meses&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque la infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; xenopi</span> es excepcional&#44; creemos que el presente caso ilustra la conveniencia de descartar una infecci&#243;n por MNT ante la coexistencia de s&#237;ntomas o signos inespec&#237;ficos como la p&#233;rdida de peso o la anemia en pacientes con EPOC y neoplasia pulmonar&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; TC coronal con ventana de pulm&#243;n&#58; masa cavitada con pared gruesa irregular de 18 mm en l&#243;bulo superior izquierdo que se contin&#250;a hacia el mediastino&#46; B&#41; PET-TC axial&#58; la masa muestra alta captaci&#243;n de fluorodesoxiglucosa&#44; con un valor est&#225;ndar de captaci&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;standard uptake value&#41;</span> de 28&#44;38 unidades&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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