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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las bronquiectasias &#40;BQ&#41; son la consecuencia final de m&#250;ltiples procesos patol&#243;gicos&#46; El espectro etiol&#243;gico y el porcentaje de BQ idiop&#225;ticas var&#237;a dependiendo de la procedencia de los sujetos y del protocolo diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-11</span></a>&#46; Est&#225; justificada la b&#250;squeda de las causas con un protocolo extenso de pruebas diagn&#243;sticas&#44; ya que establecer la etiolog&#237;a tiene implicaciones terap&#233;uticas y pron&#243;sticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12-14</span></a>&#46; En una revisi&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> que analiz&#243; 35 estudios europeos&#44; 8 asi&#225;ticos&#44; 6 de Ocean&#237;a&#44; 5 sudamericanos&#44; uno norteamericano y uno africano&#44; las causas globales identificadas con m&#225;s frecuencia fueron&#58; postinfecciosas&#58; 29&#44;9&#37;&#59; inmunodeficiencias&#58; 5&#37;&#59; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41;&#58; 3&#44;9&#37; &#40;aunque fue criterio de exclusi&#243;n en muchos estudios&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-4</span></a>&#59; enfermedades del tejido conectivo &#40;ETC&#41;&#58; 3&#44;8&#37;&#59; aspergilosis broncopulmonar al&#233;rgica &#40;ABPA&#41;&#58; 2&#44;6&#37;&#59; disfunci&#243;n ciliar &#40;DC&#41;&#58; 2&#44;5&#37;&#44; y asma&#58; 1&#44;4&#37;&#46; El 44&#44;8&#37; se clasificaron como idiop&#225;ticas&#46; Lonni et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> han publicado la mayor cohorte hasta el momento&#44; con 1&#46;258 pacientes europeos&#46; En Espa&#241;a no se han publicado datos globales centrados en la etiolog&#237;a de las BQ &#40;aunque se han comunicado datos de etiolog&#237;a en otros estudios&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15-20</span></a>&#46; El Registro Hist&#243;rico Espa&#241;ol de BQ de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Patolog&#237;a Respiratoria &#40;RHEBQ-SEPAR&#41; se cre&#243; en 2002 para establecer criterios uniformes de diagn&#243;stico y tratamiento de los pacientes con BQ y para conocer los diferentes aspectos de esta patolog&#237;a en Espa&#241;a&#46; Era una base de datos electr&#243;nica&#44; accesible en la p&#225;gina web de SEPAR &#40;<a href="http://www.separ.es/bronquiectasias">www&#46;separ&#46;es&#47;bronquiectasias</a>&#41; y en la que se invit&#243; a participar a todos los neum&#243;logos&#46; El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la etiolog&#237;a de las BQ en una amplia cohorte de pacientes &#40;incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR&#41; que es la mayor publicada hasta ahora y una muestra bastante homog&#233;nea y representativa de los pacientes controlados por los neum&#243;logos&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; analizar la posible relaci&#243;n entre las diferentes etiolog&#237;as y factores demogr&#225;ficos&#44; cl&#237;nicos o de gravedad&#44; as&#237; como las diferencias existentes entre los pacientes con BQ idiop&#225;ticas respecto a aquellos con BQ postinfecciosas y debidas al resto de causas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Dise&#241;o y poblaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico&#44; transversal&#44; de los pacientes incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR&#46; Se incluyeron prospectivamente&#44; de 2002 a 2011&#44; pacientes adultos con BQ seguidos en las consultas de neumolog&#237;a de 36 centros de 11 comunidades aut&#243;nomas espa&#241;olas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; Se establecieron recomendaciones de diagn&#243;stico y seguimiento para la inclusi&#243;n y la recogida de los datos que fueron posteriormente publicadas en la normativa SEPAR de BQ &#40;NSBQ&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Cada paciente fue revisado por el equipo de coordinaci&#243;n del RHEBQ antes de ser validado&#46; En caso de omisiones o inconsistencias&#44; se solicitaban las correcciones oportunas al investigador como control de calidad&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los participantes recibieron informaci&#243;n detallada y se les garantiz&#243; la confidencialidad con disociaci&#243;n de los datos identificativos y utilizaci&#243;n de c&#243;digos alfanum&#233;ricos&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la informaci&#243;n se hizo de forma agregada&#46; Los usuarios del registro se comprometieron a cumplir la Ley de Protecci&#243;n de Datos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Criterios diagn&#243;sticos de bronquiectasias</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las BQ pod&#237;an ser diagnosticadas por criterios cl&#237;nico-radiol&#243;gicos&#44; broncograf&#237;a o tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; siguiendo los criterios de Naidich et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Se clasificaron en localizadas&#44; bilaterales o difusas &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>l&#243;bulos&#41;&#46; Los pacientes diagnosticados solo por criterios cl&#237;nico-radiol&#243;gicos fueron excluidos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Criterios etiol&#243;gicos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para el estudio etiol&#243;gico&#44; el RHEBQ-SEPAR requer&#237;a las siguientes variables y pruebas diagn&#243;sticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#58; caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#59; antecedentes familiares&#59; tabaquismo o exposici&#243;n a t&#243;xicos&#59; radioterapia o quimioterapia previa&#59; infertilidad&#59; infecciones pulmonares &#40;virus&#44; neumon&#237;as&#44; micobacterias&#8230;&#41; o de otra localizaci&#243;n en la infancia o previas a la inclusi&#243;n en el registro&#59; coexistencia de otras patolog&#237;as &#40;diagnosticadas seg&#250;n gu&#237;as espec&#237;ficas&#41; como rinosinusitis&#44; reflujo gastroesof&#225;gico&#44; atopia&#44; asma&#44; ABPA&#44; EPOC&#44; enfermedades hematol&#243;gicas&#44; inflamatoria intestinal&#44; ETC o trasplante&#46; Se recog&#237;an tambi&#233;n variables cl&#237;nicas &#40;edad de inicio de los s&#237;ntomas&#44; tos&#44; esputo&#8230;&#41; y exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica&#46; Se registraban la espirometr&#237;a &#40;flujo espiratorio forzado &#91;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#93; en mililitros y como porcentaje del te&#243;rico&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#44; radiograf&#237;a de senos&#44; cultivos de esputo &#40;con estudio para bacterias&#44; hongos y micobacterias&#41; y valores anal&#237;ticos como inmunoglobulinas&#44; &#945;1-antitripsina &#40;si estaba disminuida se aconsejaba genotipado&#41;&#44; anticuerpos antinucleares &#40;ANA&#41; y factor reumatoide&#46; Si se sospechaba inmunodeficiencia&#44; se completaba con subclases de inmunoglobulinas y producci&#243;n de anticuerpos y&#44; con sospecha cl&#237;nica de asma y&#47;o ABPA&#44; pruebas cut&#225;neas y RAST-aspergillus&#46; En pacientes con historia familiar o sospecha de fibrosis qu&#237;stica &#40;FQ&#41;&#44; prueba del sudor y estudio gen&#233;tico y&#44; si refer&#237;an infertilidad masculina&#44; seminograma&#46; Ante la sospecha de DC &#40;si no presentaban dextrocardia&#41; se aconsejaban pruebas para valorar el aclaramiento mucociliar &#40;sacarina&#44; seroalb&#250;mina-marcada u &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#41; y&#44; si el cribado era positivo&#44; estudio de ultraestructura ciliar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Los pacientes con s&#237;ntomas de reflujo se evaluaban con pHmetr&#237;a&#46; Para el s&#237;ndrome de u&#241;as amarillas deb&#237;an presentar u&#241;as distr&#243;ficas con coloraci&#243;n amarilla &#40;sin infecci&#243;n mic&#243;tica&#41; junto con BQ y sinusitis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con la TC era posible identificar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">situs inversus</span>&#44; anomal&#237;as traqueobronquiales&#44; BQ postobstructivas o enfisema&#46; En BQ localizadas&#44; sin antecedentes que lo justificaran&#44; se aconsejaba fibrobroncoscopia&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antes de clasificar unas BQ como idiop&#225;ticas&#44; deb&#237;an ser negativas al menos las siguientes pruebas diagn&#243;sticas&#58; estudio inmunol&#243;gico&#44; prueba del sudor&#44; IgE total&#44; prick cut&#225;neo&#44; RAST-aspergillus&#44; aclaramiento mucociliar&#44; &#945;1-antitripsina&#44; ANA y factor reumatoide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para considerar las BQ como de causa postinfecciosa se requer&#237;a historia clara de infecciones respiratorias previas&#44; presentando cl&#237;nica sugestiva de BQ posterior al episodio&#44; TC compatible y negatividad de las pruebas descritas anteriormente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Evaluaci&#243;n microbiol&#243;gica y clasificaci&#243;n de gravedad</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se consider&#243; infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica &#40;IBC&#41;&#58; 3 o m&#225;s cultivos positivos para un microorganismo en 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Se recogieron datos de los 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses previos a la inclusi&#243;n en el registro&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se clasific&#243; a los pacientes&#44; en funci&#243;n del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; en 3 grupos&#58; los que presentaban FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37; &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37;&#44; entre 50-80&#37; y &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Estudio estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos se analizaron utilizando el programa estad&#237;stico &#42;&#42;R<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Para los an&#225;lisis comparativos se excluyeron los pacientes con FQ&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis descriptivo con medidas de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n para variables cuantitativas &#40;media y desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#41; y distribuci&#243;n de frecuencias para las cualitativas&#46; Para la comparaci&#243;n de variables resultado respecto a variables independientes cuantitativas&#44; se utiliz&#243; la prueba de t de Student &#40;o ANOVA en caso de 3 o m&#225;s categor&#237;as&#41;&#44; y la prueba de chi-cuadrado para variables independientes categ&#243;ricas&#46; Se construyeron modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica multivariada para valorar la gravedad de la funci&#243;n pulmonar y las BQ idiop&#225;ticas&#44; mediante modelo por pasos hacia delante &#40;Wald&#41;&#44; con criterio de entrada p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 y de salida 0&#44;05&#44; valorando la odds ratio con el respectivo IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37;&#46; En dichos modelos se incluyeron como variables independientes aquellas con significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica en el an&#225;lisis bivariado&#46; Para algunos an&#225;lisis comparativos se incluyeron aquellas BQ no FQ &#40;BQNFQ&#41; cuya causa representaba una frecuencia mayor del 1&#37;&#46; Se estableci&#243; el nivel de significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica en p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Resultados</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Poblaci&#243;n estudiada</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron en el RHEBQ-SEPAR 2&#46;113 pacientes&#44; reclutados en 36 centros de 11 comunidades aut&#243;nomas espa&#241;olas&#46; Se excluyeron 62 pacientes diagnosticados por radiolog&#237;a simple y 4 en los que no estaban recogidas las pruebas realizadas para la clasificaci&#243;n etiol&#243;gica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> y <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; De ellos&#44; 255 pacientes &#40;12&#44;5&#37;&#41; presentaban FQ<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; y por sus especiales caracter&#237;sticas se excluyeron para el resto de los an&#225;lisis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con BQNFQ se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#46; La edad media fue de 64&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; el 54&#44;9&#37; fueron mujeres y el 38&#44;4&#37; presentaban historia de tabaquismo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Etiolog&#237;a de las bronquiectasias</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La etiolog&#237;a de las BQ se identific&#243; en el 75&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes&#44; siendo la causa conocida m&#225;s frecuente la postinfecciosa &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46; Las frecuencias de las distintas causas se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a> se resumen las diferencias cl&#237;nicas en funci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a&#46; Los pacientes con EPOC presentaron la mayor media de edad &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A</a>&#41;&#44; mientras que los pacientes con BQ por DC fueron los m&#225;s j&#243;venes&#46; Predominaba el sexo femenino en pacientes con BQ idiop&#225;ticas&#44; postinfecciosas&#44; ETC y asma&#44; y el masculino en los que ten&#237;an inmunodeficiencias primarias &#40;IDP&#41; y&#44; fundamentalmente&#44; EPOC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B</a>&#41;&#46; Los pacientes con BQ por IDP y DC presentaron m&#225;s rinosinusitis&#46; Las debidas a DC&#44; IDP y ETC fueron predominantemente bilaterales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5A</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Aspectos microbiol&#243;gicos</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presentaban IBC el 34&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes con BQNFQ&#44; siendo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> &#40;PA&#44; 20&#44;5&#37;&#41; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus influenzae</span> &#40;HI&#44; 11&#44;8&#37;&#41; los microorganismos m&#225;s frecuentes&#46; Las diferentes etiolog&#237;as presentaban distintos patrones microbiol&#243;gicos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">tablas 4 y 5B</a>&#41;&#46; Los pacientes con DC presentaron las mayores tasas de IBC por distintos microorganismos y los asm&#225;ticos&#44; las menores&#46; La IBC por PA fue m&#225;s frecuente en las debidas a DC y EPOC y menos en IDP y asma&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Etiolog&#237;a de las bronquiectasias y funci&#243;n pulmonar</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Del total de pacientes con BQNFQ&#44; presentaban un FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37; el 35&#44;7&#37;&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37; entre 50-80&#37; un 37&#44;2&#37;&#44; y FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; un 27&#44;1&#37;&#46; Los pacientes con EPOC presentaban la mayor alteraci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n pulmonar y los pacientes con inmunodeficiencias&#44; la menor &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">tablas 4 y 6</a>&#41;&#46; En el modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0040">tabla 7A</a>&#41; los factores de riesgo asociados a una peor funci&#243;n pulmonar fueron el sexo femenino&#44; la mayor edad&#44; un menor &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; y la presencia de IBC&#46; Las etiolog&#237;as con mayor riesgo de presentar peor funci&#243;n pulmonar eran las BQ postinfecciosas y las secundarias a EPOC y asma&#46; Las BQ que se diagnosticaban a mayor edad presentaban mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0040"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Comparaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas frente a los que presentaban bronquiectasias postinfecciosas</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con BQ postinfecciosas eran mayores y se diagnosticaban m&#225;s tarde&#46; En aquellos con BQ idiop&#225;ticas predominaron las mujeres y la afectaci&#243;n bilateral&#59; presentaron menor frecuencia de IBC por PA&#44; mayor de rinosinusitis y mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figs&#46; 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A y 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Comparaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas frente a los que presentaban bronquiectasias no fibrosis qu&#237;stica de causa conocida</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las BQ idiop&#225;ticas eran m&#225;s frecuentes en mujeres no fumadoras y se asociaban a mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; mayor IMC y menor frecuencia de IBC por PA que las de causa conocida &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figs&#46; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A y 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B</a>&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0045">tabla 7B</a>&#41; las BQ idiop&#225;ticas se asociaron a un mayor IMC&#44; mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar y al sexo femenino&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0045"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio evalu&#243; la etiolog&#237;a de las BQ &#40;aplicando un protocolo homog&#233;neo y extenso de pruebas diagn&#243;sticas&#41; en la mayor muestra de pacientes con BQ publicada hasta ahora&#46; Aunque no podemos establecer con certeza la prevalencia de las diferentes etiolog&#237;as&#44; al tratarse de un registro voluntario donde no estar&#237;an incluidos consecutivamente todos los pacientes posibles&#44; la muestra es bastante representativa de los pacientes espa&#241;oles con BQ&#44; ya que participaron unidades de neumolog&#237;a de diferentes comunidades aut&#243;nomas espa&#241;olas&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La etiolog&#237;a de las BQ se identific&#243; en una gran proporci&#243;n de los pacientes incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR &#40;75&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; ya que se recomendaba un amplio abanico de pruebas etiol&#243;gicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> y eran pacientes seguidos por neum&#243;logos que suelen seguir las recomendaciones de la SEPAR&#46; Las distintas cohortes publicadas han mostrado resultados dispares &#40;26-90&#37;&#41; por las diferentes poblaciones evaluadas&#44; los criterios para definir las etiolog&#237;as&#44; el estudio diagn&#243;stico realizado y el lugar donde se controlaba al paciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-11</span></a>&#46; Las BQ idiop&#225;ticas eran m&#225;s frecuentes si los pacientes analizados proced&#237;an de consultas generales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;10&#44;11&#44;26</span></a> frente a los procedentes de unidades de neumolog&#237;a o espec&#237;ficas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;4&#44;7&#44;9&#44;15&#44;27</span></a>&#44; como es el caso de los pacientes incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR&#46; Gao et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; en la revisi&#243;n que incluye los estudios publicados de todos los pa&#237;ses&#44; encuentran un 44&#44;8&#37; de BQ idiop&#225;ticas y&#44; analizando solo los europeos&#44; un 41&#44;1&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio las causas conocidas m&#225;s frecuentes fueron las postinfecciosas &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#44; seguidas de FQ&#44; IDP&#44; EPOC&#44; asma&#44; DC y ETC&#44; en la l&#237;nea de otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;8&#44;9&#44;12&#44;15&#44;26&#44;27</span></a>&#46; De los 35 estudios europeos revisados por Gao et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> &#40;6&#46;364 pacientes&#41;&#44; de media&#44; las postinfecciosas supon&#237;an el 31&#44;2&#37;&#59; IDP&#58; 5&#44;3&#37;&#59; EPOC&#58; 5&#44;2&#37;&#59; ETC&#58; 4&#37;&#59; ABPA&#58; 2&#44;8&#37;&#59; DC&#58; 2&#44;7&#37;&#59; asma&#58; 7&#37;&#44; e inflamatoria intestinal&#58; 1&#37;&#46; En Espa&#241;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15-20</span></a>&#44; en un estudio cuyo objetivo fue construir y validar el sistema de puntuaci&#243;n FACED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; que incluy&#243; 839 pacientes de 7 unidades espec&#237;ficas de BQ&#44; en las que se segu&#237;a tambi&#233;n el protocolo diagn&#243;stico de la NSBQ<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; el 37&#37; fueron idiop&#225;ticas&#44; el 29&#44;3&#37; postinfecciosas&#44; el 8&#44;3&#37; inmunodeficiencias&#44; el 3&#44;5&#37; EPOC&#44; el 3&#44;2&#37; DC y el 2&#44;1&#37; ETC&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en un estudio estadounidense<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> &#40;106 pacientes&#41; se identificaron los factores causales en m&#225;s del 90&#37; de los casos&#44; siendo los m&#225;s frecuentes los trastornos inmunitarios y las ETC&#44; probablemente porque era un centro muy especializado y se realiz&#243; una evaluaci&#243;n inmunol&#243;gica exhaustiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Por otro lado&#44; el RHEBQ-SEPAR estaba implementado por neum&#243;logos&#44; y en nuestro medio patolog&#237;as como las ETC&#44; y en algunos casos las inmunodeficiencias y el asma at&#243;pico o la ABPA&#44; son seguidas tambi&#233;n por otros especialistas&#44; lo que podr&#237;a condicionar las menores tasas de algunas de estas patolog&#237;as en nuestra serie&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra muestra&#44; las infecciones siguen siendo la causa m&#225;s frecuente de BQ&#44; y de ellas&#44; las secundarias a tuberculosis&#46; Sin embargo&#44; es posible que algunos de los casos de BQ postinfecciosas pudieran tener alguna alteraci&#243;n de la inmunidad o alteraci&#243;n gen&#233;tica no detectada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> que los hiciera m&#225;s susceptibles a las infecciones&#44; fundamentalmente en aquellos con rinosinusitis concomitante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span></a>&#46; En la revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; en adultos&#44; de las postinfecciosas&#44; la tuberculosis fue tambi&#233;n la etiolog&#237;a predominante y era m&#225;s frecuente en Asia que en Europa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;10&#44;11&#44;29</span></a>&#46; En ni&#241;os&#44; las neumon&#237;as eran las principales causas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; En pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;29</span></a> o en comunidades ind&#237;genas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;31</span></a> las infecciones tienen aun mayor prevalencia debido a las peores condiciones sociosanitarias&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La FQ supon&#237;a tambi&#233;n un alto porcentaje&#44; ya que el RHEBQ-SEPAR inclu&#237;a todas las causas de BQ y cada vez son m&#225;s los pacientes adultos con FQ seguidos por neum&#243;logos en las unidades de FQ<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#44; y la mayor&#237;a de ellas participaron en el registro&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asimismo&#44; la frecuencia de IDP tambi&#233;n fue elevada &#40;mayor que lo publicado en Europa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;9</span></a> aunque menor de lo encontrado en Estados Unidos&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; ya que se aconsejaba un amplio estudio para descartar o apoyar este diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> antes de clasificar las BQ como idiop&#225;ticas&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra muestra&#44; el 7&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes con BQ presentaron como causa la EPOC&#46; Los estudios cl&#225;sicos sobre etiolog&#237;a no inclu&#237;an la EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2-4</span></a>&#44; pero los m&#225;s recientes&#44; tras la publicaci&#243;n de los estudios de Patel et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> y Mart&#237;nez-Garc&#237;a et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a> que demostraron que m&#225;s del 50&#37; de los pacientes con EPOC moderada y grave presentaban BQ&#44; la frecuencia descrita ha aumentado &#40;11-15&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9&#44;27&#44;36</span></a>&#46; Como se esperaba&#44; los pacientes con EPOC eran fundamentalmente varones&#44; con historia de tabaquismo&#44; presentaban mayor edad&#44; mayor frecuencia de IBC por PA y peor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se encontraron diferencias cl&#237;nicas en funci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a&#44; con resultados similares a los publicados en otras series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;15&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Los pacientes con DC presentaban las mayores tasas de IBC por distintos microorganismos y los asm&#225;ticos&#44; las menores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;9</span></a>&#46; La DC y las IDP presentaban con m&#225;s frecuencia rinosinusitis&#44; en concordancia con otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra muestra solo el 27&#37; de los pacientes presentaron un FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; y en el an&#225;lisis multivariante las etiolog&#237;as m&#225;s asociadas a una peor funci&#243;n pulmonar fueron las BQ postinfecciosas&#44; por asma y&#44; fundamentalmente&#44; las secundarias a EPOC&#46; Los pacientes con IDP y con BQ idiop&#225;ticas eran los que ten&#237;an mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Lonni et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> valoraron la relaci&#243;n entre los diferentes niveles de gravedad y las distintas etiolog&#237;as de las BQ y no encontraron grandes diferencias&#44; salvo por una mayor frecuencia de formas graves en las secundarias a EPOC y menor en las BQ idiop&#225;ticas&#44; al igual que en nuestro estudio&#46; La asociaci&#243;n entre EPOC y BQ condiciona un fenotipo cl&#237;nico m&#225;s grave y con peor pron&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;34-36</span></a>&#44; aunque se discute si es una relaci&#243;n de causalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> o una comorbilidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al comparar las BQ idiop&#225;ticas con las postinfecciosas&#44; las idiop&#225;ticas se diagnosticaban antes&#44; ten&#237;an m&#225;s cl&#237;nica de rinosinusitis&#44; eran predominantemente bilaterales&#44; ten&#237;an mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar y menor frecuencia de IBC por PA&#44; similar a lo encontrado en estudios previos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4</span></a>&#46; En las BQ postinfecciosas el retraso diagn&#243;stico podr&#237;a estar en relaci&#243;n con un tiempo variable entre la infecci&#243;n inicial causante de las BQ y la posterior sobreinfecci&#243;n que provocar&#237;a la aparici&#243;n de nuevos s&#237;ntomas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;8&#44;12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al comparar las BQ idiop&#225;ticas con las BQNFQ de cualquier causa conocida&#44; observamos que presentan un fenotipo especial&#44; con menos tabaquismo&#44; mayor IMC&#44; mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; menor frecuencia de IBC por PA y un claro predominio de mujeres&#44; lo que confirma lo encontrado en las series publicadas en otras poblaciones con menor n&#250;mero de pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Recientemente se han publicado varios estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#44;39</span></a> para intentar definir fenotipos espec&#237;ficos en las BQ relacionados con el pron&#243;stico&#44; y que contemplan factores como la edad&#44; las agudizaciones o las colonizaciones por microorganismos&#44; pero en los que tambi&#233;n influyen las distintas etiolog&#237;as&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Garc&#237;a et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> observaron que los fenotipos que se asocian a mejor pron&#243;stico inclu&#237;an un mayor n&#250;mero de pacientes con IDP&#44; DC o BQ idiop&#225;ticas frente a los asociados a peor pron&#243;stico&#44; entre los que predominan los pacientes con EPOC&#46; Aliberti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> tambi&#233;n encontraron que los pacientes con BQ idiop&#225;ticas presentaban con mayor frecuencia fenotipos que tienen menos IBC por PA y son menos graves&#44; y que los fenotipos con EPOC tienen m&#225;s frecuencia de IBC por PA y mayor gravedad&#44; lo que apoya nuestros resultados&#46;</p><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Limitaciones</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque nuestro estudio tiene importantes puntos fuertes&#44; como el incluir la mayor muestra de pacientes con BQ seguidos por neum&#243;logos de diferentes comunidades aut&#243;nomas espa&#241;olas y a los que se les realizaba un protocolo homog&#233;neo y extenso de pruebas diagn&#243;sticas para evaluar las causas&#44; tambi&#233;n presenta limitaciones&#46; En primer lugar&#44; no se puede establecer la prevalencia exacta de las distintas causas&#44; ya que no todos los pacientes con BQ est&#225;n incluidos&#44; aunque consideramos que la poblaci&#243;n analizada era lo suficientemente representativa&#46; Por otro lado&#44; el an&#225;lisis de los datos fue transversal&#44; por lo que son necesarios estudios longitudinales que puedan confirmar la relaci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a con la cl&#237;nica y la evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; no estaba recogido el grado de disnea&#44; por lo que no pudimos calcular los &#237;ndices pron&#243;sticos FACED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> ni BSI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> que hubieran dado una informaci&#243;n m&#225;s global de la gravedad&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio es el primer an&#225;lisis del RHEBQ-SEPAR que ha explorado las causas de las BQ en la mayor muestra publicada hasta ahora&#46; La etiolog&#237;a de las BQ se identific&#243; en una gran proporci&#243;n de los pacientes &#40;75&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; siendo las causas conocidas m&#225;s frecuentes la postinfecciosa &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#44; seguida de FQ&#44; IDP&#44; EPOC&#44; asma&#44; DC y ETC&#46; Se pueden identificar diferentes fenotipos cl&#237;nicos en relaci&#243;n con la etiolog&#237;a&#46; Los pacientes con BQ idiop&#225;ticas presentaron una menor gravedad&#44; mayor IMC&#44; mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; menor frecuencia de IBC por PA y un claro predominio de mujeres&#46; Son necesarios estudios longitudinales que puedan confirmar la relaci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a con la cl&#237;nica y la evoluci&#243;n de esta enfermedad&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Autor&#237;a</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Casilda Olveira&#44; Alicia Padilla y Miguel &#193;ngel Mart&#237;nez-Garc&#237;a han contribuido a la concepci&#243;n y dise&#241;o del estudio&#44; a la adquisici&#243;n&#44; an&#225;lisis e interpretaci&#243;n de los datos y a la redacci&#243;n del art&#237;culo&#44; siendo los garantes del manuscrito&#46; El resto de los autores han contribuido a la adquisici&#243;n de los datos y a su revisi&#243;n cr&#237;tica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Agradecimientos</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores agradecen a Francisco Rivas &#40;Departamento de Investigaci&#243;n&#44; Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol&#44; Marbella&#44; M&#225;laga&#41; su contribuci&#243;n en el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico de los datos&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Agradecimientos"
        ]
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          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-09-23"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-12-04"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Bronquiectasias"
            1 => "Etiolog&#237;a"
            2 => "Funci&#243;n pulmonar"
            3 => "Idiop&#225;ticas"
            4 => "Fenotipo cl&#237;nico"
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            1 => "Etiology"
            2 => "Lung function"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las bronquiectasias son la consecuencia final de m&#250;ltiples patolog&#237;as&#46; Establecer la etiolog&#237;a tiene implicaciones cl&#237;nicas y pron&#243;sticas&#46; El objetivo fue evaluar la etiolog&#237;a de las bronquiectasias en una amplia muestra de pacientes&#44; su posible relaci&#243;n con factores demogr&#225;ficos&#44; cl&#237;nicos o de gravedad&#44; as&#237; como analizar las diferencias entre las idiop&#225;ticas&#44; las postinfecciosas y las debidas a otras causas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico&#44; transversal&#44; del Registro Hist&#243;rico Espa&#241;ol de la SEPAR &#40;RHEBQ-SEPAR&#41;&#46; Se incluyeron prospectivamente pacientes adultos con bronquiectasias seguidos por neum&#243;logos&#46; Para el estudio etiol&#243;gico se siguieron las recomendaciones y pruebas diagn&#243;sticas protocolizadas en el registro que posteriormente fueron recogidas en la normativa SEPAR de bronquiectasias&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron 2&#46;047 pacientes de 36 centros espa&#241;oles&#46; La edad media fue de 64&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os y el 54&#44;9&#37; fueron mujeres&#46; La etiolog&#237;a se identific&#243; en el 75&#44;8&#37; de los casos &#40;postinfecciosa&#58; 30&#37;&#59; fibrosis qu&#237;stica&#58; 12&#44;5&#37;&#59; inmunodeficiencias&#58; 9&#44;4&#37;&#59; EPOC&#58; 7&#44;8&#37;&#59; asma&#58; 5&#44;4&#37;&#59; discinesia ciliar&#58; 2&#44;9&#37;&#44; y enfermedades sist&#233;micas&#58; 1&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Las distintas etiolog&#237;as presentaban diferencias demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y microbiol&#243;gicas&#46; Las bronquiectasias postinfecciosas y las secundarias a EPOC y asma presentaban m&#225;s riesgo de tener peor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Los pacientes con bronquiectasias postinfecciosas eran mayores y se diagnosticaban m&#225;s tarde&#46; Las bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas predominaban en mujeres no fumadoras y se asociaban a mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; mayor &#237;ndice de masa corporal y menor frecuencia de infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> que las de causa conocida&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La etiolog&#237;a de las bronquiectasias se ha identificado en una gran proporci&#243;n de los pacientes incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR&#46; Se pueden reconocer diferentes fenotipos relacionados con las distintas causas&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bronchiectasis is caused by many diseases&#46; Establishing its etiology is important for clinical and prognostic reasons&#46; The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology of bronchiectasis in a large patient sample and its possible relationship with demographic&#44; clinical or severity factors&#44; and to analyze differences between idiopathic disease&#44; post-infectious disease&#44; and disease caused by other factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multicenter&#44; cross-sectional study of the SEPAR Spanish Historical Registry &#40;RHEBQ-SEPAR&#41;&#46; Adult patients with bronchiectasis followed by pulmonologists were included prospectively&#46; Etiological studies were based on guidelines and standardized diagnostic tests included in the register&#44; which were later included in the SEPAR guidelines on bronchiectasis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 2&#44;047 patients from 36 Spanish hospitals were analyzed&#46; Mean age was 64&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years and 54&#46;9&#37; were women&#46; Etiology was identified in 75&#46;8&#37; of cases &#40;post-Infection&#58; 30&#37;&#59; cystic fibrosis&#58; 12&#46;5&#37;&#59; immunodeficiencies&#58; 9&#46;4&#37;&#59; COPD&#58; 7&#46;8&#37;&#59; asthma&#58; 5&#46;4&#37;&#59; ciliary dyskinesia&#58; 2&#46;9&#37;&#44; and systemic diseases&#58; 1&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The different etiologies presented different demographic&#44; clinical&#44; and microbiological factors&#46; Post-infectious bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis caused by COPD and asthma were associated with an increased risk of poorer lung function&#46; Patients with post-infectious bronchiectasis were older and were diagnosed later&#46; Idiopathic bronchiectasis was more common in female non-smokers and was associated with better lung function&#44; a higher body mass index&#44; and a lower rate of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> than bronchiectasis of known etiology&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The etiology of bronchiectasis was identified in a large proportion of patients included in the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry&#46; Different phenotypes associated with different causes could be identified&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">255 &#40;12&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inmunodeficiencias primarias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">192 &#40;9&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EPOC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">160 &#40;7&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Asma</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">110&#40;5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Discinesia ciliar</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60 &#40;2&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;1&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspiraci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;0&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reflujo gastroesof&#225;gico</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;0&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inhalaci&#243;n de gases</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inhalaci&#243;n de drogas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ABPA</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;0&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Malformaciones cong&#233;nitas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Patolog&#237;a traqueobronquial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome Swyer-James&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inmunodeficiencias secundarias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VIH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;0&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Postrasplante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;0&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neoplasias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;0&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#233;ficit alfa 1 antitripsina</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;0&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Obstrucci&#243;n bronquial</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;0&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;0&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#237;ndrome de u&#241;as amarillas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;0&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;0&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60; 20&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20-25&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805; 30&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fumadores&#47;exfumadores&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspecto del esputo</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mucoso&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mucopurulento&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Purulento&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Localizaci&#243;n de las bronquiectasias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Localizadas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500 &#40;27&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilaterales&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">881 &#40;49&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Difusas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">408 &#40;22&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Datos espirom&#233;tricos</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#37; &#62; 80&#37;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">599 &#40;35&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#37; 50-80&#37;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">624 &#40;37&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#37; &#60; 50&#37;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">454 &#40;27&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FVC&#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;FVC&#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Datos microbiol&#243;gicos</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">623 &#40;34&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por</span> Pseudomonas aeruginosa<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">362 &#40;20&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por otros microorganismos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">239 &#40;13&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tratamiento con antibi&#243;tico inhalado&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">187 &#40;11&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas&#44; espirom&#233;tricas y microbiol&#243;gicas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias no debidas a fibrosis qu&#237;stica</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Idiop&#225;ticas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>496&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Postinfecciosas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>613&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Inmunodeficiencias primarias &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>192&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">EPOC &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>160&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asma &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>110&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Discinesia ciliar &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sist&#233;micas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p ANOVA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">76&#44;5</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">10&#44;3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">42&#44;9</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">18&#44;8</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad al diagn&#243;stico &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">65&#44;7</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">22&#44;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mujeres&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">309 &#40;62&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">370 &#40;60&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88 &#40;45&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">17 &#40;10&#44;6&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;68&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;51&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">20 &#40;69&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tabaquismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">163 &#40;32&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">208 &#40;33&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64 &#40;33&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">154 &#40;96&#44;2&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;28&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">14 &#40;23&#44;3&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;27&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IMC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">23&#44;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">26&#44;5</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Rinosinusitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">129 &#40;26&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">11 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;31&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">43 &#40;75&#44;4&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">77&#44;7</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21&#44;9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">46&#44;8</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">19</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">77&#44;9</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">14&#44;4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">56&#44;5</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">15&#44;1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Expectoraci&#243;n cr&#243;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">246 &#40;49&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">325 &#40;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">70 &#40;36&#44;5&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">104 &#40;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53 &#40;48&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">51 &#40;85&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;44&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hemoptisis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">38 &#40;6&#44;2&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0 &#40;0&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por alg&#250;n MPP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">157 &#40;31&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">216 &#40;35&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69 &#40;35&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54 &#40;33&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">31 &#40;28&#44;2&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">41 &#40;68&#44;3&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por PA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85 &#40;17&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">140 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21 &#40;11&#44;8&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39 &#40;24&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;12&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">27 &#40;45&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;27&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por HI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;10&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62 &#40;10&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;19&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;8&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;12&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">14 &#40;23&#44;3&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1 &#40;3&#44;4&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ATB inhalado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50 &#40;11&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54 &#40;9&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;7&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;14&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21 &#40;39&#44;6&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;10&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Localizadas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>459&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Bilaterales &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>829&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idiop&#225;ticas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">260 &#40;52&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">113 &#40;22&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Postinfecciosas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">260 &#40;42&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">132 &#40;21&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TBC&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">150 &#40;39&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">154 &#40;40&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No TBC&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71 &#40;30&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">106 &#40;45&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inmunodeficiencias primarias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31 &#40;16&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">112 &#40;58&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;25&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EPOC&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;56&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;18&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Asma&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62 &#40;56&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;13&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Discinesia ciliar&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;48&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sist&#233;micas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;10&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;51&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;37&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Localizaci&#243;n de las bronquiectasias seg&#250;n la etiolog&#237;a</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">157 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; flujo espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#59; ns&#58; no significativo&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DC&#58; discinesia ciliar&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; IDP&#58; inmunodeficiencias primarias&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#46;</p><p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Variable dependiente&#58; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37; vs FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37;</p><p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">R cuadrado de Nagelkerke&#58; 0&#44;233&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#946;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37; inferior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hombre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad al diagn&#243;stico</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;973&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;985&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IMC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20-25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60; 18&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;5-20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25-30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805; 30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiolog&#237;a</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idiop&#225;ticas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Postinfecciosas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IDP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPOC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46; Caracter&#237;sticas asociadas a peor funci&#243;n pulmonar</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 7B"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0155" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; flujo espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#46;</p><p id="spar0160" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Variable dependiente&#58; idiop&#225;ticas vs no idiop&#225;ticas&#46;</p>"
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Original
Etiología de las bronquiectasias en una cohorte de 2.047 pacientes. Análisis del registro histórico español
Etiology of Bronchiectasis in a Cohort of 2047 Patients. An Analysis of the Spanish Historical Bronchiectasis Registry
Casilda Olveiraa,
Corresponding author
casi1547@separ.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Alicia Padillab, Miguel-Ángel Martínez-Garcíac, David de la Rosad, Rosa-María Giróne, Montserrat Vendrellf, Luis Máizg, Luis Borderíash, Eva Polverinoi, Eva Martínez-Moragónj, Olga Rajask, Francisco Casasl, Rosa Cordovillam, Javier de Gracian
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
b Unidad de Neumología, Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, España
c Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe⋅ CIBER de enfermedades respiratorias (CIBERes), Valencia, España
d Unidad de Neumología, Hospital Plató, Barcelona, España
e Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España
f Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Josep Trueta⋅ Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, España
g Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
h Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, España
i Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, España
j Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Valencia, España
k Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España
l Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, España
m Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
n Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, España
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tabaquismo o exposici&#243;n a t&#243;xicos&#59; radioterapia o quimioterapia previa&#59; infertilidad&#59; infecciones pulmonares &#40;virus&#44; neumon&#237;as&#44; micobacterias&#8230;&#41; o de otra localizaci&#243;n en la infancia o previas a la inclusi&#243;n en el registro&#59; coexistencia de otras patolog&#237;as &#40;diagnosticadas seg&#250;n gu&#237;as espec&#237;ficas&#41; como rinosinusitis&#44; reflujo gastroesof&#225;gico&#44; atopia&#44; asma&#44; ABPA&#44; EPOC&#44; enfermedades hematol&#243;gicas&#44; inflamatoria intestinal&#44; ETC o trasplante&#46; Se recog&#237;an tambi&#233;n variables cl&#237;nicas &#40;edad de inicio de los s&#237;ntomas&#44; tos&#44; esputo&#8230;&#41; y exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica&#46; Se registraban la espirometr&#237;a &#40;flujo espiratorio forzado &#91;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#93; en mililitros y como porcentaje del te&#243;rico&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#44; radiograf&#237;a de senos&#44; cultivos de esputo &#40;con estudio para bacterias&#44; hongos y micobacterias&#41; y valores anal&#237;ticos como inmunoglobulinas&#44; &#945;1-antitripsina &#40;si estaba disminuida se aconsejaba genotipado&#41;&#44; anticuerpos antinucleares &#40;ANA&#41; y factor reumatoide&#46; Si se sospechaba inmunodeficiencia&#44; se completaba con subclases de inmunoglobulinas y producci&#243;n de anticuerpos y&#44; con sospecha cl&#237;nica de asma y&#47;o ABPA&#44; pruebas cut&#225;neas y RAST-aspergillus&#46; En pacientes con historia familiar o sospecha de fibrosis qu&#237;stica &#40;FQ&#41;&#44; prueba del sudor y estudio gen&#233;tico y&#44; si refer&#237;an infertilidad masculina&#44; seminograma&#46; Ante la sospecha de DC &#40;si no presentaban dextrocardia&#41; se aconsejaban pruebas para valorar el aclaramiento mucociliar &#40;sacarina&#44; seroalb&#250;mina-marcada u &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#41; y&#44; si el cribado era positivo&#44; estudio de ultraestructura ciliar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Los pacientes con s&#237;ntomas de reflujo se evaluaban con pHmetr&#237;a&#46; Para el s&#237;ndrome de u&#241;as amarillas deb&#237;an presentar u&#241;as distr&#243;ficas con coloraci&#243;n amarilla &#40;sin infecci&#243;n mic&#243;tica&#41; junto con BQ y sinusitis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con la TC era posible identificar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">situs inversus</span>&#44; anomal&#237;as traqueobronquiales&#44; BQ postobstructivas o enfisema&#46; En BQ localizadas&#44; sin antecedentes que lo justificaran&#44; se aconsejaba fibrobroncoscopia&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antes de clasificar unas BQ como idiop&#225;ticas&#44; deb&#237;an ser negativas al menos las siguientes pruebas diagn&#243;sticas&#58; estudio inmunol&#243;gico&#44; prueba del sudor&#44; IgE total&#44; prick cut&#225;neo&#44; RAST-aspergillus&#44; aclaramiento mucociliar&#44; &#945;1-antitripsina&#44; ANA y factor reumatoide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para considerar las BQ como de causa postinfecciosa se requer&#237;a historia clara de infecciones respiratorias previas&#44; presentando cl&#237;nica sugestiva de BQ posterior al episodio&#44; TC compatible y negatividad de las pruebas descritas anteriormente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Evaluaci&#243;n microbiol&#243;gica y clasificaci&#243;n de gravedad</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se consider&#243; infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica &#40;IBC&#41;&#58; 3 o m&#225;s cultivos positivos para un microorganismo en 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Se recogieron datos de los 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses previos a la inclusi&#243;n en el registro&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se clasific&#243; a los pacientes&#44; en funci&#243;n del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; en 3 grupos&#58; los que presentaban FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37; &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37;&#44; entre 50-80&#37; y &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Estudio estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos se analizaron utilizando el programa estad&#237;stico &#42;&#42;R<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Para los an&#225;lisis comparativos se excluyeron los pacientes con FQ&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis descriptivo con medidas de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n para variables cuantitativas &#40;media y desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#41; y distribuci&#243;n de frecuencias para las cualitativas&#46; Para la comparaci&#243;n de variables resultado respecto a variables independientes cuantitativas&#44; se utiliz&#243; la prueba de t de Student &#40;o ANOVA en caso de 3 o m&#225;s categor&#237;as&#41;&#44; y la prueba de chi-cuadrado para variables independientes categ&#243;ricas&#46; Se construyeron modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica multivariada para valorar la gravedad de la funci&#243;n pulmonar y las BQ idiop&#225;ticas&#44; mediante modelo por pasos hacia delante &#40;Wald&#41;&#44; con criterio de entrada p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 y de salida 0&#44;05&#44; valorando la odds ratio con el respectivo IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37;&#46; En dichos modelos se incluyeron como variables independientes aquellas con significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica en el an&#225;lisis bivariado&#46; Para algunos an&#225;lisis comparativos se incluyeron aquellas BQ no FQ &#40;BQNFQ&#41; cuya causa representaba una frecuencia mayor del 1&#37;&#46; Se estableci&#243; el nivel de significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica en p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Resultados</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Poblaci&#243;n estudiada</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron en el RHEBQ-SEPAR 2&#46;113 pacientes&#44; reclutados en 36 centros de 11 comunidades aut&#243;nomas espa&#241;olas&#46; Se excluyeron 62 pacientes diagnosticados por radiolog&#237;a simple y 4 en los que no estaban recogidas las pruebas realizadas para la clasificaci&#243;n etiol&#243;gica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> y <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; De ellos&#44; 255 pacientes &#40;12&#44;5&#37;&#41; presentaban FQ<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; y por sus especiales caracter&#237;sticas se excluyeron para el resto de los an&#225;lisis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con BQNFQ se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#46; La edad media fue de 64&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; el 54&#44;9&#37; fueron mujeres y el 38&#44;4&#37; presentaban historia de tabaquismo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Etiolog&#237;a de las bronquiectasias</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La etiolog&#237;a de las BQ se identific&#243; en el 75&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes&#44; siendo la causa conocida m&#225;s frecuente la postinfecciosa &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46; Las frecuencias de las distintas causas se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a> se resumen las diferencias cl&#237;nicas en funci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a&#46; Los pacientes con EPOC presentaron la mayor media de edad &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A</a>&#41;&#44; mientras que los pacientes con BQ por DC fueron los m&#225;s j&#243;venes&#46; Predominaba el sexo femenino en pacientes con BQ idiop&#225;ticas&#44; postinfecciosas&#44; ETC y asma&#44; y el masculino en los que ten&#237;an inmunodeficiencias primarias &#40;IDP&#41; y&#44; fundamentalmente&#44; EPOC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B</a>&#41;&#46; Los pacientes con BQ por IDP y DC presentaron m&#225;s rinosinusitis&#46; Las debidas a DC&#44; IDP y ETC fueron predominantemente bilaterales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5A</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Aspectos microbiol&#243;gicos</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presentaban IBC el 34&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes con BQNFQ&#44; siendo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> &#40;PA&#44; 20&#44;5&#37;&#41; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus influenzae</span> &#40;HI&#44; 11&#44;8&#37;&#41; los microorganismos m&#225;s frecuentes&#46; Las diferentes etiolog&#237;as presentaban distintos patrones microbiol&#243;gicos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">tablas 4 y 5B</a>&#41;&#46; Los pacientes con DC presentaron las mayores tasas de IBC por distintos microorganismos y los asm&#225;ticos&#44; las menores&#46; La IBC por PA fue m&#225;s frecuente en las debidas a DC y EPOC y menos en IDP y asma&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Etiolog&#237;a de las bronquiectasias y funci&#243;n pulmonar</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Del total de pacientes con BQNFQ&#44; presentaban un FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37; el 35&#44;7&#37;&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37; entre 50-80&#37; un 37&#44;2&#37;&#44; y FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; un 27&#44;1&#37;&#46; Los pacientes con EPOC presentaban la mayor alteraci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n pulmonar y los pacientes con inmunodeficiencias&#44; la menor &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">tablas 4 y 6</a>&#41;&#46; En el modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0040">tabla 7A</a>&#41; los factores de riesgo asociados a una peor funci&#243;n pulmonar fueron el sexo femenino&#44; la mayor edad&#44; un menor &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; y la presencia de IBC&#46; Las etiolog&#237;as con mayor riesgo de presentar peor funci&#243;n pulmonar eran las BQ postinfecciosas y las secundarias a EPOC y asma&#46; Las BQ que se diagnosticaban a mayor edad presentaban mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0040"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Comparaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas frente a los que presentaban bronquiectasias postinfecciosas</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con BQ postinfecciosas eran mayores y se diagnosticaban m&#225;s tarde&#46; En aquellos con BQ idiop&#225;ticas predominaron las mujeres y la afectaci&#243;n bilateral&#59; presentaron menor frecuencia de IBC por PA&#44; mayor de rinosinusitis y mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figs&#46; 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A y 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Comparaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas frente a los que presentaban bronquiectasias no fibrosis qu&#237;stica de causa conocida</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las BQ idiop&#225;ticas eran m&#225;s frecuentes en mujeres no fumadoras y se asociaban a mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; mayor IMC y menor frecuencia de IBC por PA que las de causa conocida &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figs&#46; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A y 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B</a>&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0045">tabla 7B</a>&#41; las BQ idiop&#225;ticas se asociaron a un mayor IMC&#44; mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar y al sexo femenino&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0045"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio evalu&#243; la etiolog&#237;a de las BQ &#40;aplicando un protocolo homog&#233;neo y extenso de pruebas diagn&#243;sticas&#41; en la mayor muestra de pacientes con BQ publicada hasta ahora&#46; Aunque no podemos establecer con certeza la prevalencia de las diferentes etiolog&#237;as&#44; al tratarse de un registro voluntario donde no estar&#237;an incluidos consecutivamente todos los pacientes posibles&#44; la muestra es bastante representativa de los pacientes espa&#241;oles con BQ&#44; ya que participaron unidades de neumolog&#237;a de diferentes comunidades aut&#243;nomas espa&#241;olas&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La etiolog&#237;a de las BQ se identific&#243; en una gran proporci&#243;n de los pacientes incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR &#40;75&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; ya que se recomendaba un amplio abanico de pruebas etiol&#243;gicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> y eran pacientes seguidos por neum&#243;logos que suelen seguir las recomendaciones de la SEPAR&#46; Las distintas cohortes publicadas han mostrado resultados dispares &#40;26-90&#37;&#41; por las diferentes poblaciones evaluadas&#44; los criterios para definir las etiolog&#237;as&#44; el estudio diagn&#243;stico realizado y el lugar donde se controlaba al paciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-11</span></a>&#46; Las BQ idiop&#225;ticas eran m&#225;s frecuentes si los pacientes analizados proced&#237;an de consultas generales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;10&#44;11&#44;26</span></a> frente a los procedentes de unidades de neumolog&#237;a o espec&#237;ficas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;4&#44;7&#44;9&#44;15&#44;27</span></a>&#44; como es el caso de los pacientes incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR&#46; Gao et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; en la revisi&#243;n que incluye los estudios publicados de todos los pa&#237;ses&#44; encuentran un 44&#44;8&#37; de BQ idiop&#225;ticas y&#44; analizando solo los europeos&#44; un 41&#44;1&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio las causas conocidas m&#225;s frecuentes fueron las postinfecciosas &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#44; seguidas de FQ&#44; IDP&#44; EPOC&#44; asma&#44; DC y ETC&#44; en la l&#237;nea de otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;8&#44;9&#44;12&#44;15&#44;26&#44;27</span></a>&#46; De los 35 estudios europeos revisados por Gao et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> &#40;6&#46;364 pacientes&#41;&#44; de media&#44; las postinfecciosas supon&#237;an el 31&#44;2&#37;&#59; IDP&#58; 5&#44;3&#37;&#59; EPOC&#58; 5&#44;2&#37;&#59; ETC&#58; 4&#37;&#59; ABPA&#58; 2&#44;8&#37;&#59; DC&#58; 2&#44;7&#37;&#59; asma&#58; 7&#37;&#44; e inflamatoria intestinal&#58; 1&#37;&#46; En Espa&#241;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15-20</span></a>&#44; en un estudio cuyo objetivo fue construir y validar el sistema de puntuaci&#243;n FACED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; que incluy&#243; 839 pacientes de 7 unidades espec&#237;ficas de BQ&#44; en las que se segu&#237;a tambi&#233;n el protocolo diagn&#243;stico de la NSBQ<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; el 37&#37; fueron idiop&#225;ticas&#44; el 29&#44;3&#37; postinfecciosas&#44; el 8&#44;3&#37; inmunodeficiencias&#44; el 3&#44;5&#37; EPOC&#44; el 3&#44;2&#37; DC y el 2&#44;1&#37; ETC&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en un estudio estadounidense<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> &#40;106 pacientes&#41; se identificaron los factores causales en m&#225;s del 90&#37; de los casos&#44; siendo los m&#225;s frecuentes los trastornos inmunitarios y las ETC&#44; probablemente porque era un centro muy especializado y se realiz&#243; una evaluaci&#243;n inmunol&#243;gica exhaustiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Por otro lado&#44; el RHEBQ-SEPAR estaba implementado por neum&#243;logos&#44; y en nuestro medio patolog&#237;as como las ETC&#44; y en algunos casos las inmunodeficiencias y el asma at&#243;pico o la ABPA&#44; son seguidas tambi&#233;n por otros especialistas&#44; lo que podr&#237;a condicionar las menores tasas de algunas de estas patolog&#237;as en nuestra serie&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra muestra&#44; las infecciones siguen siendo la causa m&#225;s frecuente de BQ&#44; y de ellas&#44; las secundarias a tuberculosis&#46; Sin embargo&#44; es posible que algunos de los casos de BQ postinfecciosas pudieran tener alguna alteraci&#243;n de la inmunidad o alteraci&#243;n gen&#233;tica no detectada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> que los hiciera m&#225;s susceptibles a las infecciones&#44; fundamentalmente en aquellos con rinosinusitis concomitante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span></a>&#46; En la revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; en adultos&#44; de las postinfecciosas&#44; la tuberculosis fue tambi&#233;n la etiolog&#237;a predominante y era m&#225;s frecuente en Asia que en Europa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;10&#44;11&#44;29</span></a>&#46; En ni&#241;os&#44; las neumon&#237;as eran las principales causas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; En pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;29</span></a> o en comunidades ind&#237;genas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;31</span></a> las infecciones tienen aun mayor prevalencia debido a las peores condiciones sociosanitarias&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La FQ supon&#237;a tambi&#233;n un alto porcentaje&#44; ya que el RHEBQ-SEPAR inclu&#237;a todas las causas de BQ y cada vez son m&#225;s los pacientes adultos con FQ seguidos por neum&#243;logos en las unidades de FQ<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#44; y la mayor&#237;a de ellas participaron en el registro&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asimismo&#44; la frecuencia de IDP tambi&#233;n fue elevada &#40;mayor que lo publicado en Europa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;9</span></a> aunque menor de lo encontrado en Estados Unidos&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; ya que se aconsejaba un amplio estudio para descartar o apoyar este diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> antes de clasificar las BQ como idiop&#225;ticas&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra muestra&#44; el 7&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes con BQ presentaron como causa la EPOC&#46; Los estudios cl&#225;sicos sobre etiolog&#237;a no inclu&#237;an la EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2-4</span></a>&#44; pero los m&#225;s recientes&#44; tras la publicaci&#243;n de los estudios de Patel et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> y Mart&#237;nez-Garc&#237;a et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a> que demostraron que m&#225;s del 50&#37; de los pacientes con EPOC moderada y grave presentaban BQ&#44; la frecuencia descrita ha aumentado &#40;11-15&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9&#44;27&#44;36</span></a>&#46; Como se esperaba&#44; los pacientes con EPOC eran fundamentalmente varones&#44; con historia de tabaquismo&#44; presentaban mayor edad&#44; mayor frecuencia de IBC por PA y peor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se encontraron diferencias cl&#237;nicas en funci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a&#44; con resultados similares a los publicados en otras series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;15&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Los pacientes con DC presentaban las mayores tasas de IBC por distintos microorganismos y los asm&#225;ticos&#44; las menores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;9</span></a>&#46; La DC y las IDP presentaban con m&#225;s frecuencia rinosinusitis&#44; en concordancia con otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra muestra solo el 27&#37; de los pacientes presentaron un FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; y en el an&#225;lisis multivariante las etiolog&#237;as m&#225;s asociadas a una peor funci&#243;n pulmonar fueron las BQ postinfecciosas&#44; por asma y&#44; fundamentalmente&#44; las secundarias a EPOC&#46; Los pacientes con IDP y con BQ idiop&#225;ticas eran los que ten&#237;an mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Lonni et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> valoraron la relaci&#243;n entre los diferentes niveles de gravedad y las distintas etiolog&#237;as de las BQ y no encontraron grandes diferencias&#44; salvo por una mayor frecuencia de formas graves en las secundarias a EPOC y menor en las BQ idiop&#225;ticas&#44; al igual que en nuestro estudio&#46; La asociaci&#243;n entre EPOC y BQ condiciona un fenotipo cl&#237;nico m&#225;s grave y con peor pron&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;34-36</span></a>&#44; aunque se discute si es una relaci&#243;n de causalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> o una comorbilidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al comparar las BQ idiop&#225;ticas con las postinfecciosas&#44; las idiop&#225;ticas se diagnosticaban antes&#44; ten&#237;an m&#225;s cl&#237;nica de rinosinusitis&#44; eran predominantemente bilaterales&#44; ten&#237;an mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar y menor frecuencia de IBC por PA&#44; similar a lo encontrado en estudios previos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4</span></a>&#46; En las BQ postinfecciosas el retraso diagn&#243;stico podr&#237;a estar en relaci&#243;n con un tiempo variable entre la infecci&#243;n inicial causante de las BQ y la posterior sobreinfecci&#243;n que provocar&#237;a la aparici&#243;n de nuevos s&#237;ntomas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;8&#44;12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al comparar las BQ idiop&#225;ticas con las BQNFQ de cualquier causa conocida&#44; observamos que presentan un fenotipo especial&#44; con menos tabaquismo&#44; mayor IMC&#44; mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; menor frecuencia de IBC por PA y un claro predominio de mujeres&#44; lo que confirma lo encontrado en las series publicadas en otras poblaciones con menor n&#250;mero de pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Recientemente se han publicado varios estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#44;39</span></a> para intentar definir fenotipos espec&#237;ficos en las BQ relacionados con el pron&#243;stico&#44; y que contemplan factores como la edad&#44; las agudizaciones o las colonizaciones por microorganismos&#44; pero en los que tambi&#233;n influyen las distintas etiolog&#237;as&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Garc&#237;a et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> observaron que los fenotipos que se asocian a mejor pron&#243;stico inclu&#237;an un mayor n&#250;mero de pacientes con IDP&#44; DC o BQ idiop&#225;ticas frente a los asociados a peor pron&#243;stico&#44; entre los que predominan los pacientes con EPOC&#46; Aliberti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> tambi&#233;n encontraron que los pacientes con BQ idiop&#225;ticas presentaban con mayor frecuencia fenotipos que tienen menos IBC por PA y son menos graves&#44; y que los fenotipos con EPOC tienen m&#225;s frecuencia de IBC por PA y mayor gravedad&#44; lo que apoya nuestros resultados&#46;</p><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Limitaciones</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque nuestro estudio tiene importantes puntos fuertes&#44; como el incluir la mayor muestra de pacientes con BQ seguidos por neum&#243;logos de diferentes comunidades aut&#243;nomas espa&#241;olas y a los que se les realizaba un protocolo homog&#233;neo y extenso de pruebas diagn&#243;sticas para evaluar las causas&#44; tambi&#233;n presenta limitaciones&#46; En primer lugar&#44; no se puede establecer la prevalencia exacta de las distintas causas&#44; ya que no todos los pacientes con BQ est&#225;n incluidos&#44; aunque consideramos que la poblaci&#243;n analizada era lo suficientemente representativa&#46; Por otro lado&#44; el an&#225;lisis de los datos fue transversal&#44; por lo que son necesarios estudios longitudinales que puedan confirmar la relaci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a con la cl&#237;nica y la evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; no estaba recogido el grado de disnea&#44; por lo que no pudimos calcular los &#237;ndices pron&#243;sticos FACED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> ni BSI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> que hubieran dado una informaci&#243;n m&#225;s global de la gravedad&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio es el primer an&#225;lisis del RHEBQ-SEPAR que ha explorado las causas de las BQ en la mayor muestra publicada hasta ahora&#46; La etiolog&#237;a de las BQ se identific&#243; en una gran proporci&#243;n de los pacientes &#40;75&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; siendo las causas conocidas m&#225;s frecuentes la postinfecciosa &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#44; seguida de FQ&#44; IDP&#44; EPOC&#44; asma&#44; DC y ETC&#46; Se pueden identificar diferentes fenotipos cl&#237;nicos en relaci&#243;n con la etiolog&#237;a&#46; Los pacientes con BQ idiop&#225;ticas presentaron una menor gravedad&#44; mayor IMC&#44; mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; menor frecuencia de IBC por PA y un claro predominio de mujeres&#46; Son necesarios estudios longitudinales que puedan confirmar la relaci&#243;n de la etiolog&#237;a con la cl&#237;nica y la evoluci&#243;n de esta enfermedad&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Autor&#237;a</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Casilda Olveira&#44; Alicia Padilla y Miguel &#193;ngel Mart&#237;nez-Garc&#237;a han contribuido a la concepci&#243;n y dise&#241;o del estudio&#44; a la adquisici&#243;n&#44; an&#225;lisis e interpretaci&#243;n de los datos y a la redacci&#243;n del art&#237;culo&#44; siendo los garantes del manuscrito&#46; El resto de los autores han contribuido a la adquisici&#243;n de los datos y a su revisi&#243;n cr&#237;tica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Agradecimientos</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores agradecen a Francisco Rivas &#40;Departamento de Investigaci&#243;n&#44; Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol&#44; Marbella&#44; M&#225;laga&#41; su contribuci&#243;n en el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico de los datos&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las bronquiectasias son la consecuencia final de m&#250;ltiples patolog&#237;as&#46; Establecer la etiolog&#237;a tiene implicaciones cl&#237;nicas y pron&#243;sticas&#46; El objetivo fue evaluar la etiolog&#237;a de las bronquiectasias en una amplia muestra de pacientes&#44; su posible relaci&#243;n con factores demogr&#225;ficos&#44; cl&#237;nicos o de gravedad&#44; as&#237; como analizar las diferencias entre las idiop&#225;ticas&#44; las postinfecciosas y las debidas a otras causas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico&#44; transversal&#44; del Registro Hist&#243;rico Espa&#241;ol de la SEPAR &#40;RHEBQ-SEPAR&#41;&#46; Se incluyeron prospectivamente pacientes adultos con bronquiectasias seguidos por neum&#243;logos&#46; Para el estudio etiol&#243;gico se siguieron las recomendaciones y pruebas diagn&#243;sticas protocolizadas en el registro que posteriormente fueron recogidas en la normativa SEPAR de bronquiectasias&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron 2&#46;047 pacientes de 36 centros espa&#241;oles&#46; La edad media fue de 64&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os y el 54&#44;9&#37; fueron mujeres&#46; La etiolog&#237;a se identific&#243; en el 75&#44;8&#37; de los casos &#40;postinfecciosa&#58; 30&#37;&#59; fibrosis qu&#237;stica&#58; 12&#44;5&#37;&#59; inmunodeficiencias&#58; 9&#44;4&#37;&#59; EPOC&#58; 7&#44;8&#37;&#59; asma&#58; 5&#44;4&#37;&#59; discinesia ciliar&#58; 2&#44;9&#37;&#44; y enfermedades sist&#233;micas&#58; 1&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Las distintas etiolog&#237;as presentaban diferencias demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y microbiol&#243;gicas&#46; Las bronquiectasias postinfecciosas y las secundarias a EPOC y asma presentaban m&#225;s riesgo de tener peor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Los pacientes con bronquiectasias postinfecciosas eran mayores y se diagnosticaban m&#225;s tarde&#46; Las bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas predominaban en mujeres no fumadoras y se asociaban a mejor funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; mayor &#237;ndice de masa corporal y menor frecuencia de infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> que las de causa conocida&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La etiolog&#237;a de las bronquiectasias se ha identificado en una gran proporci&#243;n de los pacientes incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR&#46; Se pueden reconocer diferentes fenotipos relacionados con las distintas causas&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bronchiectasis is caused by many diseases&#46; Establishing its etiology is important for clinical and prognostic reasons&#46; The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology of bronchiectasis in a large patient sample and its possible relationship with demographic&#44; clinical or severity factors&#44; and to analyze differences between idiopathic disease&#44; post-infectious disease&#44; and disease caused by other factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multicenter&#44; cross-sectional study of the SEPAR Spanish Historical Registry &#40;RHEBQ-SEPAR&#41;&#46; Adult patients with bronchiectasis followed by pulmonologists were included prospectively&#46; Etiological studies were based on guidelines and standardized diagnostic tests included in the register&#44; which were later included in the SEPAR guidelines on bronchiectasis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 2&#44;047 patients from 36 Spanish hospitals were analyzed&#46; Mean age was 64&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years and 54&#46;9&#37; were women&#46; Etiology was identified in 75&#46;8&#37; of cases &#40;post-Infection&#58; 30&#37;&#59; cystic fibrosis&#58; 12&#46;5&#37;&#59; immunodeficiencies&#58; 9&#46;4&#37;&#59; COPD&#58; 7&#46;8&#37;&#59; asthma&#58; 5&#46;4&#37;&#59; ciliary dyskinesia&#58; 2&#46;9&#37;&#44; and systemic diseases&#58; 1&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The different etiologies presented different demographic&#44; clinical&#44; and microbiological factors&#46; Post-infectious bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis caused by COPD and asthma were associated with an increased risk of poorer lung function&#46; Patients with post-infectious bronchiectasis were older and were diagnosed later&#46; Idiopathic bronchiectasis was more common in female non-smokers and was associated with better lung function&#44; a higher body mass index&#44; and a lower rate of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> than bronchiectasis of known etiology&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The etiology of bronchiectasis was identified in a large proportion of patients included in the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry&#46; Different phenotypes associated with different causes could be identified&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;A&#41; Edad seg&#250;n etiolog&#237;a&#46; &#42; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#59; &#42;&#42;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#46; DC&#58; discinesia ciliar&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; IDP&#58; inmunodeficiencias primarias&#46; Resultados expresados como porcentajes&#46; &#40;B&#41; Sexo seg&#250;n etiolog&#237;a&#46; &#42; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#59; &#42;&#42;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#46; DC&#58; discinesia ciliar&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; IDP&#58; inmunodeficiencias primarias&#46; Resultados expresados como porcentajes</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;A&#41; Comparaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas frente a los que presentaban bronquiectasias postinfecciosas&#46; &#42; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#46; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#46; Resultados expresados como medias&#46; &#40;B&#41; Comparaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas frente a los que presentaban BQ postinfecciosas&#46; &#42; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#59; &#42;&#42;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#46; BQ bilat&#58; bronquiectasias bilaterales y difusas&#59; IBC PA&#58; infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>&#46; Resultados expresados como porcentajes&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;A&#41; Comparaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con BQ idiop&#225;ticas frente a los que presentaban bronquiectasias no fibrosis qu&#237;stica de causa conocida&#46; n &#61; 1&#46;792&#46; &#42; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#59; &#42;&#42;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#46; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#46; Resultados expresados como medias&#46; &#40;B&#41; Comparaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias idiop&#225;ticas frente a los que presentaban bronquiectasias no fibrosis qu&#237;stica de causa conocida&#46; n &#61; 1792&#46; &#42; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#59; &#42;&#42;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#59; &#42;&#42;&#42;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#46; BQ bilat&#58; bronquiectasias bilaterales y difusas&#59; IBC PA&#58; infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>&#46; Resultados expresados como porcentajes&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Patolog&#237;a traqueobronquial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome Swyer-James&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VIH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Postrasplante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;0&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Obstrucci&#243;n bronquial</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;0&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#237;ndrome de u&#241;as amarillas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60; 50&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50-75&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;75&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad al diagn&#243;stico</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mujer&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IMC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60; 20&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20-25&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25-30&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805; 30&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fumadores&#47;exfumadores&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sinusitis&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspecto del esputo</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mucoso&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mucopurulento&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">591 &#40;39&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Purulento&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">334 &#40;22&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Localizaci&#243;n de las bronquiectasias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Localizadas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500 &#40;27&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilaterales&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">881 &#40;49&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Difusas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#37; &#62; 80&#37;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">599 &#40;35&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#37; 50-80&#37;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">624 &#40;37&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#37; &#60; 50&#37;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">454 &#40;27&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FVC&#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;FVC&#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Datos microbiol&#243;gicos</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">623 &#40;34&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por</span> Pseudomonas aeruginosa<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">362 &#40;20&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por otros microorganismos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">239 &#40;13&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tratamiento con antibi&#243;tico inhalado&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">187 &#40;11&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas&#44; espirom&#233;tricas y microbiol&#243;gicas de los pacientes con bronquiectasias no debidas a fibrosis qu&#237;stica</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Idiop&#225;ticas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>496&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Postinfecciosas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>613&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Inmunodeficiencias primarias &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>192&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">EPOC &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>160&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asma &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>110&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Discinesia ciliar &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sist&#233;micas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p ANOVA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">76&#44;5</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">10&#44;3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">42&#44;9</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">18&#44;8</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad al diagn&#243;stico &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">65&#44;7</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">22&#44;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mujeres&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">309 &#40;62&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">370 &#40;60&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88 &#40;45&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">17 &#40;10&#44;6&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;68&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;51&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">20 &#40;69&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tabaquismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">163 &#40;32&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">208 &#40;33&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64 &#40;33&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">154 &#40;96&#44;2&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;28&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">14 &#40;23&#44;3&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;27&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IMC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">23&#44;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">26&#44;5</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Rinosinusitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">129 &#40;26&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">11 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;31&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">43 &#40;75&#44;4&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">77&#44;7</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21&#44;9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">46&#44;8</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">19</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">77&#44;9</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">14&#44;4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">56&#44;5</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">15&#44;1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Expectoraci&#243;n cr&#243;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">246 &#40;49&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">325 &#40;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">70 &#40;36&#44;5&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">104 &#40;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53 &#40;48&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">51 &#40;85&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;44&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hemoptisis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">38 &#40;6&#44;2&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0 &#40;0&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por alg&#250;n MPP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">157 &#40;31&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">216 &#40;35&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69 &#40;35&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54 &#40;33&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">31 &#40;28&#44;2&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">41 &#40;68&#44;3&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por PA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85 &#40;17&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">140 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21 &#40;11&#44;8&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39 &#40;24&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;12&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">27 &#40;45&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;27&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por HI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;10&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62 &#40;10&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;19&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;8&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;12&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">14 &#40;23&#44;3&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1 &#40;3&#44;4&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ATB inhalado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50 &#40;11&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54 &#40;9&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;7&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;14&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21 &#40;39&#44;6&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;10&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">260 &#40;52&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">113 &#40;22&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">260 &#40;42&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">132 &#40;21&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">154 &#40;40&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No TBC&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">106 &#40;45&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inmunodeficiencias primarias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">112 &#40;58&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;25&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;56&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;18&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62 &#40;56&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;13&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Discinesia ciliar&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;48&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sist&#233;micas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;51&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;37&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              ]
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                0 => "xTab1450386.png"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Localizaci&#243;n de las bronquiectasias seg&#250;n la etiolog&#237;a</p>"
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      9 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 5B"
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            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PA s&#237; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>334&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idiop&#225;ticas n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">408 &#40;31&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Postinfecciosas n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">140 &#40;41&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">469 &#40;35&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">157 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EPOC n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39 &#40;11&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">121 &#40;9&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Asma n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;4&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96 &#40;7&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Discinesia ciliar n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sist&#233;micas n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> &#40;PA&#41; seg&#250;n la etiolog&#237;a</p>"
        ]
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      10 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at7"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; flujo espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#59; ns&#58; no significativo&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37;<br>n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>557&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 50-80&#37;<br>n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>577&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;<br>n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>417&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idiop&#225;ticas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">212 &#40;46&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">157 &#40;34&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88 &#40;19&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Postinfecciosas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">171 &#40;29&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">238 &#40;41&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">162 &#40;28&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Inmunodeficiencias primarias&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102 &#40;54&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59 &#40;31&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25 &#40;13&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad al diagn&#243;stico</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;973&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;985&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IMC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20-25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60; 18&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;5-20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25-30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805; 30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiolog&#237;a</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idiop&#225;ticas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Postinfecciosas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IDP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPOC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sist&#233;micas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bronquial cr&#243;nica</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46; Caracter&#237;sticas asociadas a peor funci&#243;n pulmonar</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;003-1&#44;049&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;009-1&#44;019&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;278&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;038&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
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          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aetiology of bronchiectasis in adults&#58; A systematic literature review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;H&#46; Gao"
                            1 => "W&#46;J&#46; Guan"
                            2 => "S&#46;X&#46; Liu"
                            3 => "L&#46; Wang"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; Cui"
                            5 => "R&#46;C&#46; Chen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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