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l&#250;es y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> fueron negativas&#46; La citoqu&#237;mica del l&#237;quido cefalorraqu&#237;deo tampoco mostr&#243; alteraciones&#46; Respecto a los marcadores tumorales el ant&#237;geno carcinoembrionario y la enolasa neuroespec&#237;fica estaban aumentados con cifras de 30&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml &#40;0-5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41; y 21&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml &#40;0-16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; La tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; toracoabdominal inform&#243; de una masa en mediastino superior de 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; que suger&#237;a de conglomerado adenop&#225;tico&#46; Ante la sospecha de un proceso inmunomediado se solicitaron anticuerpos antinucleares y anticuerpos onconeuronales que resultaron negativos&#44; anticuerpos anti-glutamato decarboxilasa &#40;anti-GAD&#41; 2&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml &#40;0-5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml&#41;&#44; y anticuerpos antirreceptor de acetil-colina 0&#44;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nmol&#47;l &#40;0-0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nmol&#47;l&#41;&#46; En la tomograf&#237;a por emisi&#243;n de positrones con glucosa-<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>fl&#250;or la masa tuvo captaci&#243;n que orientaba a un origen neopl&#225;sico&#44; as&#237; que se tom&#243; biopsia mediante mediastinoscopia&#46; El resultado anatomopatol&#243;gico fue de carcinoma neuroendocrino t&#237;mico de c&#233;lulas peque&#241;as positivo a cromogranina y sinaptofisina &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Como estudio de extensi&#243;n se hizo una gammagraf&#237;a con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">111</span>indio-pentetreotido &#40;octreoscan&#41; con captaci&#243;n del carcinoma y met&#225;stasis ganglionares supraclaviculares&#46; Se trat&#243; mediante resecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica y quimioterapia consistente en carboplatino y etop&#243;sido con remisi&#243;n completa&#44; y la pr&#225;ctica resoluci&#243;n del cuadro neurol&#243;gico&#44; persistiendo temblor de reposo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los tumores neuroendocrinos &#40;TNE&#41; son neoplasias raras que normalmente se localizan en tracto gastrointestinal si bien pueden darse en pulm&#243;n&#44; timo&#44; ovario y tejido no parenquimatoso&#46; Los TNE t&#237;micos representan menos del 5&#37; de los tumores mediast&#237;nicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Aproximadamente el 30&#37; de los TNE son malignos&#44; aunque aumenta hasta el 82&#37; cuando su localizaci&#243;n es t&#237;mica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Se manifiestan como una masa mediast&#237;nica afectando a adultos en la 4&#46;&#170;-5&#46;&#170; d&#233;cada de la vida&#44; siendo 3 veces m&#225;s frecuentes en los varones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s de la cl&#237;nica local que comprende desde disfon&#237;a o disnea hasta s&#237;ndrome de vena cava superior&#44; un tercio presenta s&#237;ntomas endocrinos&#44; asoci&#225;ndose con el s&#237;ndrome de neoplasias endocrinas m&#250;ltiples&#46; Aunque la TC&#44; RM y la gammagraf&#237;a con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">123</span>I-metayodobencilguanidina son &#250;tiles&#44; el octreoscan es la exploraci&#243;n m&#225;s sensible &#40;71-100&#37;&#41; para detectar los TNE&#44; dependiendo de los receptores de somatostatina que expresen&#46; Histopatol&#243;gicamente muestran nidos celulares con tractos fibrovasculares y positividad a los marcadores neuroendocrinos como la cromogranina&#44; sinaptofisina y neuroenolasa&#46; 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Carta al Director
Degeneración cerebelosa paraneoplásica asociada a carcinoma neuroendocrino mediastínico de células pequeñas
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with small cell neuroendocrine mediastinal carcinoma
José Luis Serrano-Martíneza,
Corresponding author
jlserranomi@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Mónica Zamora-Pasadasa, María Redondo-Ortsb
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
b Servicio de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preparaci&#243;n histol&#243;gica a 30 aumentos con inmunotinci&#243;n de cromogranina en la que se observan los nidos de c&#233;lulas del tumor separados por tractos fibrovasculares&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 69 a&#241;os que ingresa por s&#237;ndrome constitucional acompa&#241;ado de inestabilidad&#44; v&#243;mitos&#44; temblor y diplop&#237;a de 7 meses de evoluci&#243;n&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; desde hac&#237;a un mes refer&#237;a disnea y cambios en la voz&#46; En la exploraci&#243;n presentaba voz bitonal con marcha at&#225;xica y dismetr&#237;a con temblor intencional en extremidad superior izquierda&#46; Se realiz&#243; una resonancia magn&#233;tica &#40;RM&#41; cerebral que mostraba un peque&#241;o infarto lacunar que no justificaba la cl&#237;nica&#46; El hemograma&#44; bioqu&#237;mica&#44; proteinograma&#44; inmunoglobulinas&#44; perfil tiroideo&#44; vitamina B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">12</span>&#44; vitamina E y folato eran normales&#46; As&#237; mismo las serolog&#237;as de VIH&#44; hepatitis&#44; citomegalovirus&#44; virus Epstein-Barr&#44; l&#250;es y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> fueron negativas&#46; La citoqu&#237;mica del l&#237;quido cefalorraqu&#237;deo tampoco mostr&#243; alteraciones&#46; Respecto a los marcadores tumorales el ant&#237;geno carcinoembrionario y la enolasa neuroespec&#237;fica estaban aumentados con cifras de 30&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml &#40;0-5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41; y 21&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml &#40;0-16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; La tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; toracoabdominal inform&#243; de una masa en mediastino superior de 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; que suger&#237;a de conglomerado adenop&#225;tico&#46; Ante la sospecha de un proceso inmunomediado se solicitaron anticuerpos antinucleares y anticuerpos onconeuronales que resultaron negativos&#44; anticuerpos anti-glutamato decarboxilasa &#40;anti-GAD&#41; 2&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml &#40;0-5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml&#41;&#44; y anticuerpos antirreceptor de acetil-colina 0&#44;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nmol&#47;l &#40;0-0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nmol&#47;l&#41;&#46; En la tomograf&#237;a por emisi&#243;n de positrones con glucosa-<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>fl&#250;or la masa tuvo captaci&#243;n que orientaba a un origen neopl&#225;sico&#44; as&#237; que se tom&#243; biopsia mediante mediastinoscopia&#46; El resultado anatomopatol&#243;gico fue de carcinoma neuroendocrino t&#237;mico de c&#233;lulas peque&#241;as positivo a cromogranina y sinaptofisina &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Como estudio de extensi&#243;n se hizo una gammagraf&#237;a con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">111</span>indio-pentetreotido &#40;octreoscan&#41; con captaci&#243;n del carcinoma y met&#225;stasis ganglionares supraclaviculares&#46; Se trat&#243; mediante resecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica y quimioterapia consistente en carboplatino y etop&#243;sido con remisi&#243;n completa&#44; y la pr&#225;ctica resoluci&#243;n del cuadro neurol&#243;gico&#44; persistiendo temblor de reposo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los tumores neuroendocrinos &#40;TNE&#41; son neoplasias raras que normalmente se localizan en tracto gastrointestinal si bien pueden darse en pulm&#243;n&#44; timo&#44; ovario y tejido no parenquimatoso&#46; Los TNE t&#237;micos representan menos del 5&#37; de los tumores mediast&#237;nicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Aproximadamente el 30&#37; de los TNE son malignos&#44; aunque aumenta hasta el 82&#37; cuando su localizaci&#243;n es t&#237;mica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Se manifiestan como una masa mediast&#237;nica afectando a adultos en la 4&#46;&#170;-5&#46;&#170; d&#233;cada de la vida&#44; siendo 3 veces m&#225;s frecuentes en los varones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s de la cl&#237;nica local que comprende desde disfon&#237;a o disnea hasta s&#237;ndrome de vena cava superior&#44; un tercio presenta s&#237;ntomas endocrinos&#44; asoci&#225;ndose con el s&#237;ndrome de neoplasias endocrinas m&#250;ltiples&#46; Aunque la TC&#44; RM y la gammagraf&#237;a con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">123</span>I-metayodobencilguanidina son &#250;tiles&#44; el octreoscan es la exploraci&#243;n m&#225;s sensible &#40;71-100&#37;&#41; para detectar los TNE&#44; dependiendo de los receptores de somatostatina que expresen&#46; Histopatol&#243;gicamente muestran nidos celulares con tractos fibrovasculares y positividad a los marcadores neuroendocrinos como la cromogranina&#44; sinaptofisina y neuroenolasa&#46; La degeneraci&#243;n cerebelosa paraneopl&#225;sica &#40;DCP&#41; constituye el s&#237;ndrome neurol&#243;gico paraneopl&#225;sico m&#225;s frecuente&#46; En un 18-50&#37; no se identifican anticuerpos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> y en fases precoces de la enfermedad&#44; la RM es normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Se asocia a diversas neoplasias entre ellas los TNE&#44; incluidos los t&#237;micos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro caso fue catalogado de DCP seronegativa asociada a TNE t&#237;mico&#44; dada la respuesta favorable al tratamiento espec&#237;fico del carcinoma&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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