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Transcurridos 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as persist&#237;a la tos&#44; el estridor y la dificultad respiratoria&#46; La tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; confirm&#243; la LTEP derecha con compresi&#243;n traqueal severa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; La cirug&#237;a consisti&#243; en reducci&#243;n y estabilizaci&#243;n mediante cerclaje con alambre&#46; Los s&#237;ntomas respiratorios desaparecieron&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La luxaci&#243;n de la articulaci&#243;n esternoclavicular es infrecuente &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&#41; debido a los potentes ligamentos&#44; afecta a j&#243;venes menores de 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os y la causa m&#225;s frecuente es el accidente de tr&#225;fico &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#46; El 95&#37; son <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">anteriores</span>&#44; debido a que los ligamentos posteriores son m&#225;s gruesos y fuertes que los anteriores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La LTEP se produce por traumatismo anterior de la clav&#237;cula &#40;mecanismo directo&#41; o traumatismo posterolateral del hombro &#40;mecanismo indirecto&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Hasta el 30&#37; de las LTEP afectan a estructuras del mediastino como son&#58; plexo braquial&#44; vena braquiocef&#225;lica&#44; arteria innominada&#44; tr&#225;quea&#44; bronquios y es&#243;fago<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; El diagn&#243;stico se basa en la anamnesis&#44; la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica y la radiolog&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; La exploraci&#243;n presenta p&#233;rdida de congruencia articular&#44; depresi&#243;n esternoclavicular&#44; dolor e impotencia funcional&#46; Otros s&#237;ntomas derivan de las estructuras mediast&#237;nicas afectadas&#58; congesti&#243;n venosa&#44; disfagia&#44; tos&#44; disnea y estridor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La compresi&#243;n traqueal es infrecuente y se debe sospechar si un LTEP se acompa&#241;a de tos&#44; estridor o disnea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax debe ser el estudio inicial &#40;luxaci&#243;n&#44; fracturas costales-clavicular&#44; neumot&#243;rax y neumomediastino&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Los ultrasonidos han demostrado su utilidad&#44; aunque su uso est&#225; poco extendido&#46; La TC es de elecci&#243;n para confirmar la LTEP y descartar complicaciones mediast&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-4</span></a>&#46; En pacientes con alergia al contraste se puede utilizar la resonancia magn&#233;tica&#46; La fibrobroncoscopia no es imprescindible para el diagn&#243;stico&#46; El tratamiento var&#237;a en funci&#243;n del tiempo transcurrido y las lesiones asociadas&#46; El tratamiento ortop&#233;dico se realiza en LTEP antes de 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h sin complicaciones mediast&#237;nicas&#46; Consiste en reducci&#243;n cerrada y fracasa hasta en el 50&#37; de los casos en forma de recurrencia o subluxaci&#243;n anterior inestable<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; El tratamiento quir&#250;rgico consiste en la reducci&#243;n-estabilizaci&#243;n y se indica cuando pasan m&#225;s de 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h del traumatismo&#44; fracasa la reducci&#243;n cerrada&#44; hay inestabilidad o recurrencia de la LTEP y lesiones mediast&#237;nicas&#46; Se han descrito m&#250;ltiples t&#233;cnicas de estabilizaci&#243;n&#44; 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Carta al Director
Compresión traqueal secundaria a una luxación esternoclavicular posterior
Tracheal Compression Secondary to Posterior Sternoclavicular Dislocation
Pedro M. Rodríguez Suárez
Corresponding author
prosu2001@yahoo.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Mohamed Hussein Serhal, Jorge L. Freixinet Gilart
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La luxaci&#243;n traum&#225;tica esternoclavicular posterior &#40;LTEP&#41; es infrecuente pero puede provocar lesiones mediast&#237;nicas graves&#46; Presentamos un paciente con LTEP y compresi&#243;n traqueal sintom&#225;tica que requiri&#243; tratamiento quir&#250;rgico&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Var&#243;n de 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os con un traumatismo tor&#225;cico directo&#46; A las 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h consult&#243; por dolor en hombro derecho y tos&#46; La exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica observ&#243; deformidad de la articulaci&#243;n esternoclavicular y limitaci&#243;n de la abducci&#243;n 90&#176;&#46; La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax demostr&#243; la luxaci&#243;n esternoclavicular posterior realiz&#225;ndose una reducci&#243;n cerrada e inmovilizaci&#243;n con slin&#46; Transcurridos 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as persist&#237;a la tos&#44; el estridor y la dificultad respiratoria&#46; La tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; confirm&#243; la LTEP derecha con compresi&#243;n traqueal severa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; La cirug&#237;a consisti&#243; en reducci&#243;n y estabilizaci&#243;n mediante cerclaje con alambre&#46; Los s&#237;ntomas respiratorios desaparecieron&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La luxaci&#243;n de la articulaci&#243;n esternoclavicular es infrecuente &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&#41; debido a los potentes ligamentos&#44; afecta a j&#243;venes menores de 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os y la causa m&#225;s frecuente es el accidente de tr&#225;fico &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#46; El 95&#37; son <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">anteriores</span>&#44; debido a que los ligamentos posteriores son m&#225;s gruesos y fuertes que los anteriores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La LTEP se produce por traumatismo anterior de la clav&#237;cula &#40;mecanismo directo&#41; o traumatismo posterolateral del hombro &#40;mecanismo indirecto&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Hasta el 30&#37; de las LTEP afectan a estructuras del mediastino como son&#58; plexo braquial&#44; vena braquiocef&#225;lica&#44; arteria innominada&#44; tr&#225;quea&#44; bronquios y es&#243;fago<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; El diagn&#243;stico se basa en la anamnesis&#44; la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica y la radiolog&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; La exploraci&#243;n presenta p&#233;rdida de congruencia articular&#44; depresi&#243;n esternoclavicular&#44; dolor e impotencia funcional&#46; Otros s&#237;ntomas derivan de las estructuras mediast&#237;nicas afectadas&#58; congesti&#243;n venosa&#44; disfagia&#44; tos&#44; disnea y estridor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La compresi&#243;n traqueal es infrecuente y se debe sospechar si un LTEP se acompa&#241;a de tos&#44; estridor o disnea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax debe ser el estudio inicial &#40;luxaci&#243;n&#44; fracturas costales-clavicular&#44; neumot&#243;rax y neumomediastino&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Los ultrasonidos han demostrado su utilidad&#44; aunque su uso est&#225; poco extendido&#46; La TC es de elecci&#243;n para confirmar la LTEP y descartar complicaciones mediast&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-4</span></a>&#46; En pacientes con alergia al contraste se puede utilizar la resonancia magn&#233;tica&#46; La fibrobroncoscopia no es imprescindible para el diagn&#243;stico&#46; El tratamiento var&#237;a en funci&#243;n del tiempo transcurrido y las lesiones asociadas&#46; El tratamiento ortop&#233;dico se realiza en LTEP antes de 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h sin complicaciones mediast&#237;nicas&#46; Consiste en reducci&#243;n cerrada y fracasa hasta en el 50&#37; de los casos en forma de recurrencia o subluxaci&#243;n anterior inestable<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; El tratamiento quir&#250;rgico consiste en la reducci&#243;n-estabilizaci&#243;n y se indica cuando pasan m&#225;s de 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h del traumatismo&#44; fracasa la reducci&#243;n cerrada&#44; hay inestabilidad o recurrencia de la LTEP y lesiones mediast&#237;nicas&#46; Se han descrito m&#250;ltiples t&#233;cnicas de estabilizaci&#243;n&#44; como la fijaci&#243;n con agujas o alambre&#44; la reconstrucci&#243;n articular mediante tend&#243;n subclavio&#44; m&#250;sculo esternocleidomastoideo y fascia lata &#40;tenodesis&#41;&#44; el cerclaje costoclavicular-claviculoesternal y la resecci&#243;n del tercio interno clavicular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; El diagn&#243;stico tard&#237;o y la falta de tratamiento se suelen asociar a complicaciones como son la artritis&#44; la f&#237;stula traqueoesof&#225;gica o un s&#237;ndrome del estrecho tor&#225;cico superior<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La LTEP con lesi&#243;n traqueal es muy infrecuente&#46; Debe sospecharse en pacientes con traumatismo clavicular o del hombro que presentan s&#237;ntomas respiratorios&#46; El diagn&#243;stico se basa en la TC y el tratamiento de elecci&#243;n es la reducci&#243;n-estabilizaci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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