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Vol. 33. Issue 9.
Pages 453-456 (October 1997)
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Vol. 33. Issue 9.
Pages 453-456 (October 1997)
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Epidemia de asma por soja en L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona)
Epidemia of asthma caused by soy bean in L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona)
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F. Pont, X. Gispert1, C. Cañete
Unidad Funcional de Respiratorio. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona
E. Pinto*, D. Dot**, J. Monteis***
* Unidad de Alergia. Servicio de Medicina Interna. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona
** Servicio de Análisis Clínicos y Microbiología. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona
*** Unidad Clínico-Epidemiológica. Consorci de l’Hospital de la Creu Roja. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona
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Entre 1981 y 1987 se describieron en Barcelona 26 epidemias de asma debidas a inhalación de polvo de soja, proveniente de la descarga de la misma en un silo del puerto. Tras la instauración de filtros no volvieron a producirse nuevas epidemias. A finales de 1994 un nuevo brote de asma debido a la soja fue localizado en L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, ciudad limítrofe con Barcelona. Se describen 9 pacientes que acudieron por crisis de asma de inicio brusco, en un intervalo de 135 minutos. En todos los pacientes se practicó un estudio de IgE total e IgE específica a extracto de soja y se les realizó el test de prick cutáneo que confirmó la exposición a la soja de todos los pacientes. Las concentraciones atmosféricas de las fracciones alcohólicas de las partículas de soja (betasistosterol y estigmasterol) registradas en L’Hospitalet de Llobregat fueron superiores a las recogidas en Barcelona. Por otra parte, se confirmó la descarga de soja ese mismo día en el puerto de Barcelona y que las condiciones climatológicas favorecieron el movimiento del aire del puerto a la ciudad de L’Hospitalet. Se postula la necesidad de revisar periódicamente las medidas de prevención dada la gravedad potencial de estas epidemias.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Soja
Epidemia

Twenty-six epidemics of asthma occurred in Barcelona between 1981 and 1987 in relation to inhalation of soy dust from grain silo unloading in the harbor. No further epidemics occurred after filters were installed, until a 1994 outbreak of asthma due to soy was detected in L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, a city on the outskirts of Barcelona. We describe 9 patients who presented with acute asthma attacks of sudden onset within a time span of 135 minutes. Counts of total IgE and IgE specific to soy extract were analyzed in all patients. Skin prick tests confirmed exposure to soy in all cases. Atmospheric levels of alcoholic fractions of soy particles (beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol) registered in L’Hospitalet de Llobregat were higher than those detected in Barcelona. We confirmed that soy had been unloaded in the harbor the same day, and that climatic conditions favored the movement of air from the port toward the city of L’Hospitalet. We postúlate the need to periodically review preventive measures given the potential severity of the such epidemics.

Key words:
Asthma
Soy bean
Epidemia
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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