Article information
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic complex and heterogeneous disease, with great variability and has a huge impact, not only on patients who suffer the disease but also their families and society in general. Educating asthmatic patients and their families is essential for therapeutic intervention. Through continuous, dynamic and adaptive education, changes in attitudes and behaviours of the patient and family can be achieved, and will undoubtedly lead to an improvement in their quality of life. Among other non-pharmacological interventions, respiratory rehabilitation is an alternative treatment, and is primarily aimed at patients with moderate to severe asthma. Although the latest clinical practice guidelines published in scientific literature recommend two strategies for treatment, the results of relevant publications are diverse. The objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness of therapeutic and educational programs in respiratory rehabilitation of the asthmatic patient.
Keywords:
Asthma
Therapeutic education
Physiotherapy
Respiratory rehabilitation
Treatment
Resumen
El asma es una enfermedad crónica compleja, heterogénea, con una gran variabilidad y que tiene un enorme impacto, no sólo en los pacientes que la padecen sino también en sus familias y en la sociedad en general. La educación del paciente asmático y su familia son el elemento esencial para la intervención terapéutica. A través de la educación, entendida como un proceso continuo, dinámico y adaptado, se van a poder conseguir cambios en las actitudes y conductas del paciente y su familia, que habrán de llevar, sin duda, a mejorar la calidad de vida de los mismos. Entre otras intervenciones no farmacológicas, la rehabilitación respiratoria representa una alternativa de tratamiento, y está dirigida fundamentalmente a los pacientes que padecen asma moderada y severa. Puesto que las últimas guías de práctica clínica publicadas en la literatura científica recomiendan ambas estrategias de tratamiento, pero los resultados de las publicaciones al respecto son diversos, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la eficacia de los programas de educación terapéutica y el papel de la rehabilitación respiratoria en el tratamiento del paciente asmático.
Palabras clave:
Asma bronquial
Educación terapéutica
Fisioterapia
Rehabilitación respiratoria
Tratamiento
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