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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the association between smoking and health-related quality of life &#40;HRQL&#41; in male smokers compared to male nonsmokers&#44; both with no history of chronic disease&#44; at 3 health centers in Seville&#44; Spain&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a retrospective cohort study of smokers and nonsmokers who were matched on the basis of potentially confounding variables &#40;age&#44; marital status&#44; occupation&#44; education&#44; and health center&#41;&#46; Data were compiled in interviews conducted by a qualified and previously trained interviewer&#46; HRQL was assessed using the 36-item short form general health questionnaire &#40;SF-36&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Except for the physical functioning dimension&#44; which refers to physical activities of daily living &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;111&#41;&#44; smokers had significantly worse &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;05&#41; HRQL scores measured with the SF-36 questionnaire&#46; On average&#44; smokers scored 10 points less than nonsmokers in the 8 HRQL dimensions&#46; The greatest difference was observed in the dimensions reflecting mental health&#44; particularly in limitations experienced as a consequence of emotional problems &#40;emotional role score 14 points less for smokers&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">When compared to Spanish norms&#44; the scores of smokers were on average 12 points lower in the 8 HRQL dimensions&#46; The greatest differences were observed in physical role &#40;31 points&#41; and bodily pain &#40;17 points&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Even smokers who have not developed acute or chronic comorbidity associated with cigarette smoking have a poorer HRQL than nonsmokers&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar la asociacion entre el consume de ta baco y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud &#40;CVRS en varones fumadores y no fumadores sin historia de enfer medad cronica en 3 centres de salud de Sevilla&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Realizamos un estudio de cohorte retrospectivas &#40;fumadores y no fumadores&#41; pareadas en va riables que pueden actuar como variables de confusi&#243;n &#40;edad&#44; estado civil&#44; ocupaci&#243;n&#44; nivel de estudios y centre d salud de referencia&#41;&#46; Los datos fueron recogidos mediant entrevista por un encuestador cualificado y previamente en trenado&#46; La CVRS se valor&#243; mediante el cuestionario de sa lud SF-36</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Excepto para la dimensi&#243;n funci&#243;n f&#237;sica&#44; es decir&#44; para el desarrollo de actividades f&#237;sicas de la vida diaria &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;111&#41;&#44; los fumadores presentaron peores puntuaciones &#40;estad&#237;sticamente significativas&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41; en las diferentes dimensiones de la CVRS medidas con el cuestionario SF-36&#46; Los fumadores presentaron en promedio 10 puntos menos en las 8 dimensiones de la CVRS que los no fumadores&#46; La mayor diferencia se observ&#243; en dimensiones relacionadas con la salud mental&#44; especialmente con limitaciones debidas a problemas emocionales &#40;diferencia en rol emocional de &#8722;14 puntos&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En comparaci&#243;n con los valores de referencia nacionales&#44; los fumadores presentaron en promedio 12 puntos menos en las 8 dimensiones de la CVRS&#46; Las mayores diferencias se observaron en rol f&#237;sico &#40;31 puntos&#41; y dolor corporal &#40;17 puntos&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los fumadores&#44; aun sin presentar comorbilidad aguda o cr&#243;nica asociada al consumo de tabaco&#44; presentan una peor CVRS que los no fumadores&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 43. Issue 2.
Pages 59-63 (February 2007)
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Vol. 43. Issue 2.
Pages 59-63 (February 2007)
Original Articles
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Deteriorated Health-Related Quality of Life in Healthy Male Smokers
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Aurelio Cayuelaa,
Corresponding author
aurelio.cayuela.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es

Correspondence: Dr. A. Cayuela. Centre de Documentatión Cíamica. Hospitales Universitaiios Virgen del Rocío. Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n. 41013 Sevilla. Espana
, Susana Rodríguez-Domínguezb, Remedies Oteroc
a Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
b Fundacióan Progreso y Salud, Sevilla, Spain
c Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Objective

To analyze the association between smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in male smokers compared to male nonsmokers, both with no history of chronic disease, at 3 health centers in Seville, Spain.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of smokers and nonsmokers who were matched on the basis of potentially confounding variables (age, marital status, occupation, education, and health center). Data were compiled in interviews conducted by a qualified and previously trained interviewer. HRQL was assessed using the 36-item short form general health questionnaire (SF-36).

Results

Except for the physical functioning dimension, which refers to physical activities of daily living (P=.111), smokers had significantly worse (P<.05) HRQL scores measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. On average, smokers scored 10 points less than nonsmokers in the 8 HRQL dimensions. The greatest difference was observed in the dimensions reflecting mental health, particularly in limitations experienced as a consequence of emotional problems (emotional role score 14 points less for smokers; P=.001).

When compared to Spanish norms, the scores of smokers were on average 12 points lower in the 8 HRQL dimensions. The greatest differences were observed in physical role (31 points) and bodily pain (17 points).

Conclusions

Even smokers who have not developed acute or chronic comorbidity associated with cigarette smoking have a poorer HRQL than nonsmokers.

Key words:
Health-related quality of life
Tobacco
Males
Objetivo

Analizar la asociacion entre el consume de ta baco y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS en varones fumadores y no fumadores sin historia de enfer medad cronica en 3 centres de salud de Sevilla.

Pacientes y Métodos

Realizamos un estudio de cohorte retrospectivas (fumadores y no fumadores) pareadas en va riables que pueden actuar como variables de confusión (edad, estado civil, ocupación, nivel de estudios y centre d salud de referencia). Los datos fueron recogidos mediant entrevista por un encuestador cualificado y previamente en trenado. La CVRS se valoró mediante el cuestionario de sa lud SF-36

Resultados

Excepto para la dimensión función física, es decir, para el desarrollo de actividades físicas de la vida diaria (p = 0,111), los fumadores presentaron peores puntuaciones (estadísticamente significativas; p < 0,05) en las diferentes dimensiones de la CVRS medidas con el cuestionario SF-36. Los fumadores presentaron en promedio 10 puntos menos en las 8 dimensiones de la CVRS que los no fumadores. La mayor diferencia se observó en dimensiones relacionadas con la salud mental, especialmente con limitaciones debidas a problemas emocionales (diferencia en rol emocional de −14 puntos; p = 0,001).

En comparación con los valores de referencia nacionales, los fumadores presentaron en promedio 12 puntos menos en las 8 dimensiones de la CVRS. Las mayores diferencias se observaron en rol físico (31 puntos) y dolor corporal (17 puntos).

Conclusiones

Los fumadores, aun sin presentar comorbilidad aguda o crónica asociada al consumo de tabaco, presentan una peor CVRS que los no fumadores.

Palabras clave:
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud
Tabaco
Varones
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This study was partly funded by the Andalusian public health service (Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía) under Research Project No. 17/02.

Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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