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Vol. 46. Issue 1.
Pages 15-19 (January 2010)
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Vol. 46. Issue 1.
Pages 15-19 (January 2010)
Original Article
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Comparative Study of Oral Azathioprine and Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Pulses in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Estudio comparativo entre azatioprina oral y pulsos intravenosos de ciclofosfamida en el tratamiento de la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática
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Vicente Roig
Corresponding author
vroigf@ono.com

Corresponding author.
, Águeda Herrero, Marta Arroyo-Cózar, David Vielba, Santiago Juarros, Enrique Macías
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The purpose of the study was to establish the efficacy of treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses and oral corticoids in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, compared with the standard treatment with corticoids and azathioprine.

Patients and methods

A prospective, non-controlled study with 2 parallel groups. One group received prednisone plus oral azathioprine for 24 months (AZA group). The second one (CIC group) received prednisone plus intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses (6 monthly and 6 three-monthly). The primary outcome was survival or period without need for a transplant at 36 months. The secondary outcomes were the forced vital capacity, the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, and baseline arterial oxygen pressure at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months.

Results

A total of 46 patients were included in the study, of whom 25 were assigned to the AZA group and 21 to the CIC group. The survival or absence of lung transplant at 36 months was 44% in the AZA group and 76% in the CIC group (p=0.028). The forced vital capacity was worse in 8.8% of the AZA group, compared to 6.7% in the CIC group (p=0.16). The carbon monoxide diffusing capacity worsened in 11.81% of patients of the AZA group and in 4.4% of those in the CIC group (p =0.0569). No significant differences were observed in the arterial oxygen pressure. There was one dropout of treatment with prednisone.

Conclusions

Treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses produced a significant improvement in survival. There were no significant differences in the lung function parameters or gas exchange. Neither of the cytostatics had serious side effects.

Keywords:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Treatment
Immunosuppressants
Oral azathioprine
Intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses
Resumen
Introducción

El objetivo del estudio ha sido establecer la eficacia del tratamiento con pulsos intravenosos de ciclofosfamida y corticoides orales en la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática, comparados con el tratamiento estándar con corticoides y azatioprina.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo, no controlado, con 2 grupos paralelos. Un grupo recibió prednisona más azatioprina oral durante 24 meses (grupo AZA). El segundo grupo (grupo CIC) recibió prednisona y pulsos intravenosos de ciclofosfamida (6 mensuales y 6 trimestrales). El objetivo principal fue la supervivencia o período sin necesidad de trasplante a los 36 meses, y los objetivos secundarios, los valores de capacidad vital forzada, capacidad de difusión del monóxido de carbono y presión arterial de oxígeno basalmente y a los 3; 6; 12; 18; 24; 30, y 36 meses.

Resultados

En el estudio se incluyó a 46 pacientes, de los cuales 25 se asignaron al grupo AZA y 21 al grupo CIC. La supervivencia o ausencia de trasplante pulmonar a los 36 meses fue del 44% en el grupo AZA y del 76% en el grupo CIC (p=0,028). La capacidad vital forzada a los 36 meses empeoró un 8,8% en el grupo AZA, frente a un 6,7% en el grupo CIC (p=0,16). La capacidad de difusión del monóxido de carbono empeoró un 11,81% en los pacientes del grupo AZA y un 4,6% en los del grupo CIC (p=0,0569). No se registraron diferencias significativas en la evolución de la presión arterial de oxígeno. Hubo un abandono de tratamiento con prednisona.

Conclusiones

El tratamiento con pulsos intravenosos de ciclofosfamida produjo una mejoría significativa de la supervivencia. No hubo diferencias significativas en los parámetros de función pulmonar e intercambio gaseoso. No se produjeron efectos adversos graves relacionados con ambos citostáticos.

Palabras clave:
Fibrosis pulmonar idiopática
Tratamiento
Inmunodepresores
Azatioprina oral
Pulsos intravenosos de ciclofosfamida
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