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Vol. 45. Issue 10.
Pages 496-501 (October 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 10.
Pages 496-501 (October 2009)
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Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: surgical treatment with thromboendarterectomy
Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica: tratamiento mediante tromboendarterectomía quirúrgica
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José Antonio Blázqueza,
Corresponding author
blazquezmd@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Pilar Escribanob, Enrique Péreza, María Jesús Lópeza, Miguel Ángel Gómezb, José María Cortinaa
a Department of Cardiac Surgery, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
b Cardiology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objectives

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is considered the potential curative treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We analysed the results of the PTE application in our institution.

Patients and methods

From February 1996 to December 2007, 30 patients with CTEPH underwent videoassisted PTE. Preoperative hemodynamic data were: systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) 87±17 mmHg, mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) 51±11 mmHg, pulmonary total resistance 1067±485 dynes·s·cm−5, pulmonary vascular resistance 873±389 dynes·s·cm−5 and cardiac index 2.2±0.5 l/min/m2. We analysed the influence of several factors on hospital mortality and survival, and we performed partial analysis of mortality since 2004.

Results

PTE resulted in significant improvements in SPAP (P<0.001), MPAP (P=0.001) and cardiac index (P<0.001). Hospital mortality was 17% (5/30) (95% confidence interval, 6%-35%). From 2004, it dropped to 5% (1/20) (95% confidence interval, 0%-25%). Hospital mortality was influenced by preoperative pulmonary total resistance, preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance, postoperative SPAP, reduction of SPAP, reduction of MPAP, reperfusion pulmonary oedema and residual postoperative pulmonary hypertension (P=0.036; P=0.018;P=0.013; P=0.050; P=0.050; P=0.030; P=0.045). Survival after PTE, including hospital mortality, was 76±9% at 10 years. Through long-term follow-up, functional status (P=0.001), 6 min walking distance (P=0.001), end-diastolic right ventricle size (P<0.001), and tricuspid regurgitation (P<0.001) significantly improved.

Conclusions

PTE effectively reduces pulmonary hypertension and offers CTEPH patients a substantial improvement in survival and quality of life.

Keywords:
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Resumen
Introducción

La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar (TP) constituye el tratamiento potencialmente curativo de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica (HTPTC). Analizamos los resultados de la aplicación de la TP en nuestra institución.

Pacientes y métodos

Entre febrero de 1996 y diciembre de 2007 se realizó TP videoasistida a 30 pacientes con HTPTC. Los datos hemodinámicos preoperatorios fueron (valores medios±desviación estándar): presión sistólica pulmonar (PSP), 87±17 mmHg; presión arterial pulmonar media (PAPm), 51 ± 11 mmHg; resistencia pulmonar total, 1.067 ± 485 dinas·s·cm−5; resistencia vascular pulmonar, 873 ± 389 dinas·s·cm−5, e índice cardíaco, 2,2 ± 0,5 l/min/m2. Se han analizado los factores que influyeron en la mortalidad hospitalaria y la supervivencia, además de realizarse un análisis parcial de la mortalidad a partir de 2004.

Resultados

Tras la TP se objetivó un descenso tanto de la PSP (p < 0,001) como de la PAPm (P = 0,001) y un aumento del índice cardíaco (p < 0,001). La mortalidad hospitalaria registrada fue del 17% (5/30; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 6–35%); a partir de 2004 se redujo al 5% (1/20; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 0–25%). La resistencia pulmonar total y la resistencia vascular pulmonar preoperatorias, la PSP postoperatoria, el descenso porcentual de la PSP y de la PAPm, la presencia de edema de reperfusión y la persistencia de la HTP evidenciaron asociación con la mortalidad hospitalaria (p = 0,036; p = 0,018; p = 0,013; p = 0,050; p = 0,050; p = 0,030; p = 0,045, respectivamente). La supervivencia actuarial a 10 años, incluyendo la mortalidad hospitalaria, fue del 76 ± 9%. Durante el seguimiento mejoró la clase funcional (p = 0,001), aumentó la distancia recorrida en la prueba de la marcha de 6 min (p = 0,001) y se redujeron tanto el diámetro telediastólico del ventrículo derecho (p < 0,001) como el grado de regurgitación tricuspídea (p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

La TP mejora la hemodinámica pulmonar, prolonga la supervivencia y optimiza el estado funcional de pacientes con HTPTC.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Tromboendarterectomía pulmonar
Tromboembolia pulmonar
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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