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Vol. 39. Issue 5.
Pages 221-225 (May 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 5.
Pages 221-225 (May 2003)
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Características asmáticas en pacientes fumadores con enfisema avanzado
Asthmatic characteristics in smokers with advanced emphysema
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A. Pachecoa,
, L. Máiza, J. Gaudóa, M.J. Pavóna, M. Cuevasb, S. Quircec
a Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Universidad de Alcalá. Madrid. España
b Servicio de Inmunología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Universidad de Alcalá. Madrid. España
c Servicio de Alergia. Fundación Jiménez Diaz. Madrid. España
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Objetivos

La mayoría de los neumólogos asumen que el asma crónica y el enfisema asociado al fumar difieren tanto en su origen como en el tipo de inflamación, pero es difícil que se estudie a individuos que presenten simultáneamente ambos procesos. Nosotros pretendemos averiguar mediante un análisis prospectivo si una porción de pacientes fumadores con enfisema avanzado tienen un perfil asmático, lo que supondría un solapamiento de ambas entidades

Pacientes Y Método

Se estudió a una población de 23 fumadores afectados de obstrucción moderada a grave al flujo aéreo y con criterios radiológicos de enfisema avanzado. Se analizó en todos los pacientes el perfil asmático definido mediante 5 características: respuesta aguda positiva a broncodilatadores, eosinofilia en sangre periférica, eosinófilos en esputo significativos, IgE sérica total significativa e IgE específica positiva a alergenos comunes y hongos. Se consideró presente el perfil asmático si se daban en un paciente tres o más de las características citadas. El análisis estadístico se hizo construyendo intervalos de confianza sobre los casos positivos totales para estimar la proporción poblacional

Resultados

De los 23 pacientes, en 21 se pudo analizar al menos 4 de las características. De los 21 pacientes, 10 (48%) presentaban un perfil asmático, es decir, tenían tres o más de las características antes señaladas. Este dato supone una proporción positiva de la presencia de características asmáticas de entre el 17,6 y el 79,6% de la población analizada con enfisema avanzado, con un intervalo de confianza del 99,9% de probabilidad

Conclusiones

En el enfisema asociado en principio al hábito de fumar se podría admitir que al menos un 17,6% de los pacientes presentan un perfil asmático evidente, lo que supone un alto grado de solapamiento entre asma y enfisema del fumador, y por eso no se desmiente la teoría holandesa sobre el origen común de las enfermedades obstructivas crónicas que sostiene una base inicial de sensibilización alérgica e hiperreactividad bronquial e influencias diversas, como el humo de tabaco, en la evolución final a largo plazo

Palabras clave:
Enfisema
Asma
Atopia
Hiperreactividad bronquial
Inmunoglobulina E
Objectives

Most pneumologists assume that chronic asthma and emphysema associated with smoking differ both in their etiology and type of inflammation. However, it is difficult to study subjects who have both diseases simultaneously. We designed a prospective study to determine whether or not some advanced emphysema patients who are smokers have an asthmatic profile suggesting the two diseases overlap

Patients And Method

Twenty-three smokers with moderate to severe obstruction and radiologic signs of advanced emphysema were studied. The following signs of asthma were analyzed for all patients: positive acute response to bronchodilators, eosinophilia in peripheral blood, significant eosinophilia in sputum, significant total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE positive for common allergens and fungi. An asthmatic profile was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the aforementioned signs. Statistical analysis was by calculation of the confidence interval on the total number of positive cases to estimate the population percentage

Results

Data on at least 4 characteristics were available for 21 of the 23 patients. Ten (48%) of the 21 had asthmatic profiles (3 or more of the aforementioned characteristics). This finding suggests that asthmatic characteristics are present in between 17.6 and 79.6% of the studied population with advanced emphysema, with a confidence interval of 99.9%

Conclusions

We conclude that emphysema initially associated with smoking may mean that at least 17.6% of patients have a clear asthmatic profile, which indicates a high degree of overlap between asthma and emphysema in smokers. Thus, our findings are consistent with the Dutch theory that chronic obstructive diseases have a common origin in underlying allergic sensitization and bronchial hyperresponsiveness alongside various other influential factors such as tobacco smoking over the course of disease

Keywords:
Emphysema
Asthma
Atopy
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Immunoglobulin E
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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