array:22 [
  "pii" => "S1579212906603728"
  "issn" => "15792129"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60372-8"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-12-01"
  "aid" => "60372"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2004"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "edi"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2004;40:543-6"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2524
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 87
      "HTML" => 1761
      "PDF" => 676
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S157921290660373X"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60373-X"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-12-01"
    "aid" => "60373"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2004;40:547-52"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2536
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 91
        "HTML" => 1769
        "PDF" => 676
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>"
      "titulo" => "Community-Acquired Pneumonia Among the Elderly&#58; Differences Between Patients Living at Home and in Nursing Homes"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "547"
          "paginaFinal" => "552"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "E&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Morag&#243;n, L&#46; Garc&#237;a Ferrer, B&#46; Serra Sanchos, E&#46; Fern&#225;ndez Fabrellas, A&#46; G&#243;mez Belda, R&#46; Julve Pardo"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez-Morag&#243;n"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "preGrado" => "Dra"
              "nombre" => "L&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a Ferrer"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "B&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Serra Sanchos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez Fabrellas"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "G&#243;mez Belda"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Julve Pardo"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S157921290660373X?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004000000012/v1_201305141825/S157921290660373X/v1_201305141825/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:12 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
    "titulo" => "Bronchial Colonization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease&#58; What&#39;s Hiding Under the Rug"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "543"
        "paginaFinal" => "546"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "E&#46; Mons&#243;"
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:5 [
            "preGrado" => "Dr&#46;"
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Mons&#243;"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "emonso&#64;ns&#46;hugtip&#46;scs&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Servei de Pneumologia&#44; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol&#44; Badalona&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondence&#58; Dr&#46; E&#46; Mons&#243;&#46; Servei de Pneumologia&#46; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol&#46; Ctra&#46; del Canyet&#44; s&#47;n&#46; 08916 Badalona&#46; Barcelona&#46; Espa&#241;a"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2004-03-24"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2004-04-20"
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This paper was written with support from a grant from Red Respira&#44; ISCIII-RTIC-03&#47;11&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Airway inflammation in nonobstructive and obstructive chronic bronchitis with chronic Haemophilus influenzae airway infection&#46; Comparison with noninfected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P Bresser"
                            1 => "L van Alphen"
                            2 => "HM Jansen"
                            3 => "R Lutter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9908103"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "162"
                        "paginaInicial" => "947"
                        "paginaFinal" => "952"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988111"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Airway inflammation and bronchial microbial patterns in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N Soler"
                            1 => "S Ewig"
                            2 => "A Torres"
                            3 => "X Filella"
                            4 => "J Gonz&#225;lez"
                            5 => "A Xaubet"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1015"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1022"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10596683"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prospective study of aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract infections in the community"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "JT MacFarlane"
                            1 => "A Colville"
                            2 => "A Guion"
                            3 => "RM MacFarlane"
                            4 => "DH Rose"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "341"
                        "paginaInicial" => "511"
                        "paginaFinal" => "514"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8094769"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Outcomes following acute exacerbation of severe chronic obstructive lung disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "AF Connors"
                            1 => "NV Dawson"
                            2 => "C Thomas"
                            3 => "FE Harrell Jr"
                            4 => "N Desbiens"
                            5 => "WJ Fulkerson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.154.4.8887592"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "154"
                        "paginaInicial" => "959"
                        "paginaFinal" => "967"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8887592"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Time course and recovery of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "TAR Seemugal"
                            1 => "GC Donaldson"
                            2 => "A Bhowmik"
                            3 => "DJ Jeffries"
                            4 => "JA Wedzicha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9908022"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "161"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1608"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1613"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10806163"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lower respiratory illnesses promote FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> decline in current smokers but not ex smokers with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "for the Lung Health Study Research Group"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "RE Kanner"
                            1 => "NR Anthonisen"
                            2 => "JE Connett"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.164.3.2010017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "164"
                        "paginaInicial" => "358"
                        "paginaFinal" => "364"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11500333"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "GC Donaldson"
                            1 => "TAR Seemugal"
                            2 => "A Bhowmik"
                            3 => "JA Wedzicha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "847"
                        "paginaFinal" => "852"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12324669"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prospective study of the incidence&#44; aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract illness in the community"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J MacFarlane"
                            1 => "J Prewett"
                            2 => "D Rose"
                            3 => "P Gard"
                            4 => "R Cunningham"
                            5 => "P Saikku"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "109"
                        "paginaFinal" => "114"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11209098"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bronchial microbial patterns in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41; requiring mechanical ventilation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N Soler"
                            1 => "A Torres"
                            2 => "S Ewig"
                            3 => "J Gonz&#225;lez"
                            4 => "R Celis"
                            5 => "M El-Ebiary"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9711044"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "157"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1498"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1505"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9603129"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#46; A study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E Mons&#243;"
                            1 => "J Ruiz"
                            2 => "A Rosell"
                            3 => "J Manterola"
                            4 => "J Fiz"
                            5 => "J Morera"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551388"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "152"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1316"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1320"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7551388"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship between bacterial flora in sputum and functional impairment in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M Miravitlles"
                            1 => "C Espinosa"
                            2 => "E Fern&#225;ndez-Laso"
                            3 => "JA Martos"
                            4 => "JA Maldonado"
                            5 => "M Gallego"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "116"
                        "paginaInicial" => "40"
                        "paginaFinal" => "46"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10424501"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial infection in exacerbated COPD with changes in sputum characteristics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E Mons&#243;"
                            1 => "J Garc&#237;a-Aymerich"
                            2 => "N Soler"
                            3 => "E Farrero"
                            4 => "MA F&#233;lez"
                            5 => "JM Ant&#243;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Epidemiol Infect"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "131"
                        "paginaInicial" => "799"
                        "paginaFinal" => "804"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12948381"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Use of investigations in lower respiratory tract infection in the community&#58; a European survey"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M Woodhead"
                            1 => "G Gialdroni Grassi"
                            2 => "GJ Huchon"
                            3 => "P L&#233;ophonte"
                            4 => "F Manresa"
                            5 => "T Schaberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1596"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1600"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8866578"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antibiotics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations&#46; A meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S Saint"
                            1 => "S Bent"
                            2 => "E Vittinghoff"
                            3 => "D Grady"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "273"
                        "paginaInicial" => "957"
                        "paginaFinal" => "960"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7884956"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The value of antibiotics and the outcomes of antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of COPD"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "RF Grossman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "249S55S"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Conferencia de consenso sobre enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "SEPAR"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "47"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14587516"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Follow-up protected specimen brushes to assess treatment in nosocomial pneumonia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P Montravers"
                            1 => "JY Fagon"
                            2 => "J Chastre"
                            3 => "M Lecso"
                            4 => "MC Dombret"
                            5 => "JL Trouillet"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/147.1.38"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "147"
                        "paginaInicial" => "38"
                        "paginaFinal" => "44"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420428"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Randomized&#44; double-blind study of ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime axetil for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S Chodosh"
                            1 => "J McCarty"
                            2 => "S Farkas"
                            3 => "M Drehobl"
                            4 => "R Tosiello"
                            5 => "M Shan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "722"
                        "paginaFinal" => "729"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798024"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin vs&#46; clarithromycin for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S Chodosh"
                            1 => "A Schreurs"
                            2 => "G Siami"
                            3 => "HW Barkman Jr"
                            4 => "A Anzueto"
                            5 => "M Shan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "730"
                        "paginaFinal" => "738"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798025"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E Mons&#243;"
                            1 => "A Rosell"
                            2 => "G Bonet"
                            3 => "J Manterola"
                            4 => "PJ Cardona"
                            5 => "J Ruiz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "338"
                        "paginaFinal" => "342"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10065678"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predisposing factors to bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R Zalaca&#237;n"
                            1 => "V Sobradillo"
                            2 => "J Amilibia"
                            3 => "J Barr&#243;n"
                            4 => "V Ach&#243;tegui"
                            5 => "JI Pijoan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "343"
                        "paginaFinal" => "348"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10065679"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antigenic variation in immunoglobulin A1 proteases among sequential isolates of Haemophilus influenzae for healthy children and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H Lomholt"
                            1 => "L van Alphen"
                            2 => "M Kilian"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Immun"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4575"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4581"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8406854"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Virulence factors in the colonization and persistence of bacteria in the airways"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L van Alphen"
                            1 => "HM Jansen"
                            2 => "J Dankert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "151"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2094"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2099"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Endogenous and exogenous reinfections by Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#58; the effect of antibiotic treatment on persistence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K Groeneveld"
                            1 => "L van Alphen"
                            2 => "PP Eijk"
                            3 => "G Visschers"
                            4 => "HM Jansen"
                            5 => "HC Zanen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "161"
                        "paginaInicial" => "512"
                        "paginaFinal" => "517"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2313130"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship between bacterial colonization and the frequency&#44; character and severity of COPD exacerbations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "I Patel"
                            1 => "TAR Seemungal"
                            2 => "M Wilks"
                            3 => "SJ Lloyd-Owen"
                            4 => "GC Donaldson"
                            5 => "JA Wedzicha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "759"
                        "paginaFinal" => "764"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12200518"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New strains ob bacteria and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S Sethi"
                            1 => "N Evans"
                            2 => "BJB Grant"
                            3 => "TF Murphy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa012561"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "347"
                        "paginaInicial" => "465"
                        "paginaFinal" => "471"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12181400"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A Rosell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Estudio de la poblaci&#243;n bacteriana endobronquial en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#91;doctoral dissertation&#93;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "editorial" => "Universidad Aut&#243;nomade Barcelona"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship of sputum color to nature and outpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPD"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "RA Stockley"
                            1 => "C O&#39;Brien"
                            2 => "A Pye"
                            3 => "SL Hill"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1638"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1645"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10858396"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Association between airway bacterial load and markers of airway inflammation in patients with stable chronic bronchitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "AT Hill"
                            1 => "EJ Campbell"
                            2 => "SL Hill"
                            3 => "DL Bayley"
                            4 => "RA Stockley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "109"
                        "paginaInicial" => "288"
                        "paginaFinal" => "295"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10996579"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Resolution of bronchial inflammation is related to bacterial eradication following treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "AJ White"
                            1 => "S Gompertz"
                            2 => "DL Bayley"
                            3 => "SL Hill"
                            4 => "C O&#39;Brien"
                            5 => "I Unsal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "680"
                        "paginaFinal" => "685"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12885984"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Airway bacterial load and FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "TMA Wilkinson"
                            1 => "IS Patel"
                            2 => "M Wilks"
                            3 => "GC Donaldson"
                            4 => "JA Wedzicha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200210-1179OC"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "167"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1090"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1095"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12684248"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15792129/0000004000000012/v1_201305141825/S1579212906603728/v1_201305141825/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004000000012/v1_201305141825/S1579212906603728/v1_201305141825/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906603728?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 40. Issue 12.
Pages 543-546 (December 2004)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 40. Issue 12.
Pages 543-546 (December 2004)
Editorial
Full text access
Bronchial Colonization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: What's Hiding Under the Rug
Visits
4272
E. Monsó
Corresponding author
emonso@ns.hugtip.scs.es

Correspondence: Dr. E. Monsó. Servei de Pneumologia. Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol. Ctra. del Canyet, s/n. 08916 Badalona. Barcelona. España
Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Full text is only aviable in PDF
REFERENCES
[1]
P Bresser, L van Alphen, HM Jansen, R Lutter.
Airway inflammation in nonobstructive and obstructive chronic bronchitis with chronic Haemophilus influenzae airway infection. Comparison with noninfected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 947-952
[2]
N Soler, S Ewig, A Torres, X Filella, J González, A Xaubet.
Airway inflammation and bronchial microbial patterns in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J, 14 (1999), pp. 1015-1022
[3]
JT MacFarlane, A Colville, A Guion, RM MacFarlane, DH Rose.
Prospective study of aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract infections in the community.
Lancet, 341 (1993), pp. 511-514
[4]
AF Connors, NV Dawson, C Thomas, FE Harrell Jr, N Desbiens, WJ Fulkerson, et al.
Outcomes following acute exacerbation of severe chronic obstructive lung disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154 (1996), pp. 959-967
[5]
TAR Seemugal, GC Donaldson, A Bhowmik, DJ Jeffries, JA Wedzicha.
Time course and recovery of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161 (2000), pp. 1608-1613
[6]
RE Kanner, NR Anthonisen, JE Connett, for the Lung Health Study Research Group.
Lower respiratory illnesses promote FEV1 decline in current smokers but not ex smokers with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164 (2001), pp. 358-364
[7]
GC Donaldson, TAR Seemugal, A Bhowmik, JA Wedzicha.
Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Thorax, 57 (2002), pp. 847-852
[8]
J MacFarlane, J Prewett, D Rose, P Gard, R Cunningham, P Saikku, et al.
Prospective study of the incidence, aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract illness in the community.
Thorax, 56 (2001), pp. 109-114
[9]
N Soler, A Torres, S Ewig, J González, R Celis, M El-Ebiary, et al.
Bronchial microbial patterns in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157 (1998), pp. 1498-1505
[10]
E Monsó, J Ruiz, A Rosell, J Manterola, J Fiz, J Morera, et al.
Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 1316-1320
[11]
M Miravitlles, C Espinosa, E Fernández-Laso, JA Martos, JA Maldonado, M Gallego, et al.
Relationship between bacterial flora in sputum and functional impairment in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD.
Chest, 116 (1999), pp. 40-46
[12]
E Monsó, J García-Aymerich, N Soler, E Farrero, MA Félez, JM Antó, et al.
Bacterial infection in exacerbated COPD with changes in sputum characteristics.
Epidemiol Infect, 131 (2003), pp. 799-804
[13]
M Woodhead, G Gialdroni Grassi, GJ Huchon, P Léophonte, F Manresa, T Schaberg.
Use of investigations in lower respiratory tract infection in the community: a European survey.
Eur Respir J, 9 (1996), pp. 1596-1600
[14]
S Saint, S Bent, E Vittinghoff, D Grady.
Antibiotics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. A meta-analysis.
JAMA, 273 (1995), pp. 957-960
[15]
RF Grossman.
The value of antibiotics and the outcomes of antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of COPD.
Chest, 113 (1998), pp. 249S55S
[16]
SEPAR.
Conferencia de consenso sobre enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.
Arch Bronconeumol, 39 (2003), pp. 1-47
[17]
P Montravers, JY Fagon, J Chastre, M Lecso, MC Dombret, JL Trouillet, et al.
Follow-up protected specimen brushes to assess treatment in nosocomial pneumonia.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 147 (1993), pp. 38-44
[18]
S Chodosh, J McCarty, S Farkas, M Drehobl, R Tosiello, M Shan, et al.
Randomized, double-blind study of ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime axetil for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Clin Infect Dis, 27 (1998), pp. 722-729
[19]
S Chodosh, A Schreurs, G Siami, HW Barkman Jr, A Anzueto, M Shan, et al.
Efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin vs. clarithromycin for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Clin Infect Dis, 27 (1998), pp. 730-738
[20]
E Monsó, A Rosell, G Bonet, J Manterola, PJ Cardona, J Ruiz, et al.
Risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis.
Eur Respir J, 13 (1999), pp. 338-342
[21]
R Zalacaín, V Sobradillo, J Amilibia, J Barrón, V Achótegui, JI Pijoan, et al.
Predisposing factors to bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J, 13 (1999), pp. 343-348
[22]
H Lomholt, L van Alphen, M Kilian.
Antigenic variation in immunoglobulin A1 proteases among sequential isolates of Haemophilus influenzae for healthy children and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Infect Immun, 61 (1993), pp. 4575-4581
[23]
L van Alphen, HM Jansen, J Dankert.
Virulence factors in the colonization and persistence of bacteria in the airways.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151 (1995), pp. 2094-2099
[24]
K Groeneveld, L van Alphen, PP Eijk, G Visschers, HM Jansen, HC Zanen.
Endogenous and exogenous reinfections by Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the effect of antibiotic treatment on persistence.
J Infect Dis, 161 (1990), pp. 512-517
[25]
I Patel, TAR Seemungal, M Wilks, SJ Lloyd-Owen, GC Donaldson, JA Wedzicha.
Relationship between bacterial colonization and the frequency, character and severity of COPD exacerbations.
Thorax, 57 (2002), pp. 759-764
[26]
S Sethi, N Evans, BJB Grant, TF Murphy.
New strains ob bacteria and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
N Engl J Med, 347 (2002), pp. 465-471
[27]
A Rosell.
Estudio de la población bacteriana endobronquial en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica [doctoral dissertation], Universidad Autónomade Barcelona, (2000),
[28]
RA Stockley, C O'Brien, A Pye, SL Hill.
Relationship of sputum color to nature and outpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPD.
Chest, 117 (2000), pp. 1638-1645
[29]
AT Hill, EJ Campbell, SL Hill, DL Bayley, RA Stockley.
Association between airway bacterial load and markers of airway inflammation in patients with stable chronic bronchitis.
Am J Med, 109 (2000), pp. 288-295
[30]
AJ White, S Gompertz, DL Bayley, SL Hill, C O'Brien, I Unsal, et al.
Resolution of bronchial inflammation is related to bacterial eradication following treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Thorax, 58 (2003), pp. 680-685
[31]
TMA Wilkinson, IS Patel, M Wilks, GC Donaldson, JA Wedzicha.
Airway bacterial load and FEV1 decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167 (2003), pp. 1090-1095

This paper was written with support from a grant from Red Respira, ISCIII-RTIC-03/11.

Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?