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Vol. 38. Issue 11.
Pages 515-522 (November 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 11.
Pages 515-522 (November 2002)
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Biopsia de músculo liso bronquial mediante fibrobroncoscopia. Eficacia de la técnica en individuos con función pulmonar normal y en pacientes con EPOC
Fiber-optic bronchoscopic biopsy of bronchial smooth muscle. Efficacy of the technique in individuals with normal lung function and patients with COPD
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V. Curulla,*, M. Orozco-Levia,b, D. Moyesc, E. Balcellsa, J. Palaciob, J. Lloretad, J.M. Broquetasa
a Servei de Pneumologia. Unitat d'Endoscòpia Respiratòria. Hospital del Mar. Barcelona. España
b Grup de Recerca de Pneumologia. URRA-IMIM. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Profs. V.C. y J.M.B.), y CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Prof. J.L.). Barcelona. España
c Fellow Predoctoral. Grup de Recerca de Pneumologia. URRA-IMIM. CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona. España
d Servei d'Anatomia Patològica. Hospital del Mar. Barcelona. España
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Fundamento y Objetivos

El epitelio y el músculo liso de las vías aéreas de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) o asma bronquial evidencian cambios estructurales asociados probablemente con un aumento de la expresión de moléculas inflamatorias y con factores de crecimiento celular. El estudio de la relación entre enfermedad y cambios en el músculo liso bronquial es difícil si se restringe a muestras necrópsicas o de toracotomía. El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar la probabilidad de obtener músculo liso bronquial mediante biopsia bronquial endoscópica, tanto en pacientes con EPOC como en individuos con función pulmonar normal, su relación con la histología del epitelio bronquial, y la potencial utilidad para estudiar episodios de remodelado del músculo de la vías aéreas.

Métodos

Se incluyó a 42 pacientes a quienes se realizó una fibrobroncoscopia con finalidad diagnóstica. Se tomaron sistemáticamente biopsias bronquiales de los espolones de división lobares y segmentarios. La estructura epitelial se analizó mediante histología convencional. El músculo liso fue identificado mediante immunohistoquímica (anticuerpo antidesmina) y análisis por Western-blot (anticuerpos contra desmina, actina y miosina).

Resultados

El 69% de las biopsias contenía músculo liso bronquial. La probabilidad de obtener músculo liso fue mayor en biopsias de bronquios segmentarios que lobares (el 72 frente al 30%; p<0,05), y no evidenció relación con la presencia de EPOC ni con los signos de inflamación epitelial. Los fragmentos permitieron la identificación electroforética de proteínas estructurales implicadas en los procesos de remodelado muscular (miosina, actina, desmina).

Conclusiones

La biopsia bronquial endoscópica permite obtener muestras de músculo liso bronquial, especialmente cuando se realiza en los bronquios segmentarios, en un elevado porcentaje de pacientes. Es posible que esta técnica sea útil en futuros estudios que evalúen los procesos de remodelado del músculo liso de la vía aérea.

Palabras clave:
Fibrobroncoscopia
Músculo liso bronquial
Remodelado
EPOC
Desmina
Actina
Miosina
Background and Objectives

The epithelium and airway smooth muscles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or bronchial asthma undergo certain structural changes that are probably related to increased expression of inflammatory molecules and cell growth factors. Studying the relation between disease and changes in bronchial smooth muscle is difficult if investigation is restricted to samples from autopsies or thoracotomies. This study was designed to evaluate the probability of obtaining bronchial smooth muscle by endoscopic bronchial biopsy in patients with COPD and from individuals with normal lung function, the relation of disease to bronchial epithelial histology, and the potential usefulness of studying airway muscle remodeling events.

Methods

Forty-two patients undergoing diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy were enrolled. Bronchial biopsies were taken systematically from the lobar and segmental dividing ridges. The epithelial structure was analyzed by conventional histology. The smooth muscle was identified by immunohistochemistry (anti-desmin antibody assay) and Western-blot analysis (anti-desmin, actin and myosin antibodies).

Results

Sixty-nine percent of the biopsies contained bronchial smooth muscle. The probability of obtaining smooth muscle was higher in segmental than in lobar biopsies (72 vs 30%, p<0.05). This probability was unrelated to the presence of COPD or to signs of epithelial inflammation. The fragments allowed us to use electrophoresis to identify protein structures (myosin, actin, desmin) involved in muscle remodeling processes.

Conclusions

Endoscopic biopsy of the bronchi allows us to obtain bronchial smooth muscle samples in a large percentage of patients, particularly when performed on segmental bronchi. The technique may be useful for future studies examining the processes of airway smooth muscle remodeling.

Keywords:
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy
Bronchial smooth muscle
Remodeling
COPD
Desmin
Actin
Myosin
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Estudio subvencionado, en parte, por las becas ARMAR, FUCAP y SEPAR. Resultados preliminares presentados en el XXXIII Congreso Nacional SEPAR, 2000

Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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