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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41; has increased among women&#44; it is still considered a disease that mainly affects men&#46; This study aimed to identify the diagnostic attitudes of primary care physicians toward patients with COPD according to gender and spirometric results&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Method</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A representative sample of 839 primary care physicians participated in the study&#46; Each physician dealt with 1 of 8 hypothetical cases based on a patient diagnosed with COPD&#46; In half the cases&#44; the physician was told the patient was a man&#46; The other half of the physicians were told the same patient was a woman&#46; After presentation of the medical history and results of physical examination&#44; the physicians were asked to state a probable diagnosis and indicate the diagnostic tests that were necessary&#46; They were then told the results of spirometry&#44; which indicated obstruction ranging from moderate to severe&#46; Negative results of bronchodilator tests and oral corticosteroid tests were then communicated&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">COPD was more likely to be the preliminary diagnosis for male patients than for females &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93;&#44; 1&#46;55&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93;&#44; 1&#46;15-2&#46;1&#41;&#46; This gender bias disappeared once the physicians were shown the abnormal results of spirometry&#46; Patients with severe obstruction were more likely to be diagnosed with COPD than those with moderate obstruction &#40;OR&#44; 1&#46;5&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;08-2&#46;09&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is gender bias in the diagnosis of COPD&#46; Patients with moderate obstruction are often believed not to have COPD&#46; These biases may compromise the early diagnosis of the disease in a group of patients with ever increasing risk&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41; ha aumentado en el sexo feme-nino&#44; pero a&#250;n se considera una enfermedad que afecta so-bre todo a los varones&#46; Este estudio pretendi&#243; identificar las actitudes diagn&#243;sticas de los m&#233;dicos de atenci&#243;n primaria frente a pacientes con EPOC seg&#250;n su sexo y los resultados de la espirometr&#237;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Particip&#243; en el estudio una muestra representa-tiva de 839 m&#233;dicos de atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Cada uno de ellos resolvi&#243; uno entre 8 casos posibles de pacientes con EPOC&#46; La mitad de &#233;stos correspond&#237;a a un paciente var&#243;n y la otra mitad a una mujer con historia cl&#237;nica y exploraci&#243;n f&#237;-sica id&#233;nticas&#46; Tras la historia y la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica se soli-cit&#243; a los participantes un diagn&#243;stico provisional&#44; as&#237; como las pruebas diagn&#243;sticas necesarias&#46; Se facilitaron despu&#233;s los resultados de la espirometr&#237;a que mostraban una obstrucci&#243;n de car&#225;cter moderado o grave&#46; Los resultados ne-gativos de una prueba broncodilatadora y de una prueba con corticoides orales se dieron a continuaci&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La EPOC fue un diagn&#243;stico provisional m&#225;s probable para los pacientes varones que para las muje-res &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#91;OR&#93;&#58; 1&#44;55&#59; intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;15-2&#44;1&#41;&#46; Este sesgo desaparec&#237;a despu&#233;s de mostrar los resultados anormales de la espirometr&#237;a&#46; Los pacientes con una obstrucci&#243;n de car&#225;cter grave eran diagnosticados con mayor probabilidad de EPOC que aquellos con una obstrucci&#243;n moderada OR&#58; 1&#44;5&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;08-2&#44;09&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe un sesgo diagn&#243;stico en funci&#243;n del sexo del paciente&#46; En muchas ocasiones no se diagnostica a los pacientes con EPOC que presentan una obstrucci&#243;n moderada&#46; Estos sesgos podr&#237;an comprometer el diagn&#243;stico precoz de la EPOC en un grupo cada vez m&#225;s frecuente de individuos en riesgo&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 42. Issue 1.
Pages 3-8 (January 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 1.
Pages 3-8 (January 2006)
Original Articles
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Attitudes Toward the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care
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M. Miravitllesa,
Corresponding author
marcm@clinic.ub.es

Correspondence: Dr. M. Miravitlles. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona. España
, C. de la Rozaa, K. Naberanb, M. Lambanc, E. Gobarttd, A. Martíne, K.R. Chapmanf
a Servicio de Neumología, Institut Clínic del Tórax, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
b Grupo de Neumología de la Sociedad Catalana de Medicina de Familia, Spain
c Centro de Salud Rebolería, Zaragoza, Spain
d Departamento Médico, Boehringer Ingelheim, Spain
e Departamento Médico, Pfizer, Spain
f Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
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Objective

Although the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased among women, it is still considered a disease that mainly affects men. This study aimed to identify the diagnostic attitudes of primary care physicians toward patients with COPD according to gender and spirometric results.

Method

A representative sample of 839 primary care physicians participated in the study. Each physician dealt with 1 of 8 hypothetical cases based on a patient diagnosed with COPD. In half the cases, the physician was told the patient was a man. The other half of the physicians were told the same patient was a woman. After presentation of the medical history and results of physical examination, the physicians were asked to state a probable diagnosis and indicate the diagnostic tests that were necessary. They were then told the results of spirometry, which indicated obstruction ranging from moderate to severe. Negative results of bronchodilator tests and oral corticosteroid tests were then communicated.

Results

COPD was more likely to be the preliminary diagnosis for male patients than for females (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.1). This gender bias disappeared once the physicians were shown the abnormal results of spirometry. Patients with severe obstruction were more likely to be diagnosed with COPD than those with moderate obstruction (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.08-2.09).

Conclusions

There is gender bias in the diagnosis of COPD. Patients with moderate obstruction are often believed not to have COPD. These biases may compromise the early diagnosis of the disease in a group of patients with ever increasing risk.

Key words:
COPD
Diagnosis
Sex
Primary care
Spirometry
Objetivo

La prevalencia de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) ha aumentado en el sexo feme-nino, pero aún se considera una enfermedad que afecta so-bre todo a los varones. Este estudio pretendió identificar las actitudes diagnósticas de los médicos de atención primaria frente a pacientes con EPOC según su sexo y los resultados de la espirometría.

Métodos

Participó en el estudio una muestra representa-tiva de 839 médicos de atención primaria. Cada uno de ellos resolvió uno entre 8 casos posibles de pacientes con EPOC. La mitad de éstos correspondía a un paciente varón y la otra mitad a una mujer con historia clínica y exploración fí-sica idénticas. Tras la historia y la exploración física se soli-citó a los participantes un diagnóstico provisional, así como las pruebas diagnósticas necesarias. Se facilitaron después los resultados de la espirometría que mostraban una obstrucción de carácter moderado o grave. Los resultados ne-gativos de una prueba broncodilatadora y de una prueba con corticoides orales se dieron a continuación.

Resultados

La EPOC fue un diagnóstico provisional más probable para los pacientes varones que para las muje-res (odds ratio [OR]: 1,55; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,15-2,1). Este sesgo desaparecía después de mostrar los resultados anormales de la espirometría. Los pacientes con una obstrucción de carácter grave eran diagnosticados con mayor probabilidad de EPOC que aquellos con una obstrucción moderada OR: 1,5; IC del 95%, 1,08-2,09).

Conclusiones

Existe un sesgo diagnóstico en función del sexo del paciente. En muchas ocasiones no se diagnostica a los pacientes con EPOC que presentan una obstrucción moderada. Estos sesgos podrían comprometer el diagnóstico precoz de la EPOC en un grupo cada vez más frecuente de individuos en riesgo.

Palabras clave:
EPOC
Diagnóstico
Sexo
Atención primaria
Espirometría
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This study was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim España and Pfizer España.

Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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