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Vol. 42. Issue 12.
Pages 621-626 (December 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 12.
Pages 621-626 (December 2006)
Original Articles
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Associations Between Family History of Allergy, Exposure to Tobacco Smoke, Active Smoking, Obesity, and Asthma in Adolescents
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Francisco Vázquez Navaa,b,
Corresponding author
fvazqueznava@yahoo.com.mx

Correspondence: Dr. F. Vázquez Nava. Matamoros, 102. Col. Hipódromo. 89560 Ciudad Madero. Tamaulipas. México
, Atenógenes H. Saldívar Gonzálezb,c, Gerardo Martínez Peralesb,c, Dolores Lin Ochoab,c, María del Carmen Barrientos Gómezb,c, Eliza Mireya Vázquez Rodríguezc, Carlos Francisco Vázquez Rodríguezc, Francisco Javier Beltrán Guzmánc
a Departamento de Alergología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico
b Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital General Número 6, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, Mexico
c Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de Tampico, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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Objective

The relationships between asthma in adolescents and various environmental and social exposures needs to be clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the association between family history of allergy, passive or active tobacco smoking, obesity, and asthma in adolescents.

Subjects and methods

A population-based case-control study was carried out. A random sample of 4003 students aged 13 to 18 years old was selected from secondary and preparatory schools in an urban area in northeastern Mexico. Data was gathered in physical examinations and with a questionnaire administered by trained staff. Two study groups were formed: a group of 253 adolescents with asthma and a control group of students without asthma.

Results

Variables associated with asthma were history of allergy (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-2.06), passive smoking (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.18-1.99), and obesity (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 145-2.65). Female gender and active smoking were unrelated to asthma. The percentage of obese adolescents was higher in the group of asthmatics (18.2%) than in the control group (12.8%).

Conclusions

Family history of allergy, passive tobacco smoking, and obesity seem to be the main risk factors for the development of asthma in adolescents. The relationship of active smoking and asthma requires further study.

Key words:
Atopic hypersensitivity
familial
Tobacco use disorder
Obesity
Asthma
Adolescents
Objetivo

Es necesario aclarar la relación entre varias exposiciones ambientales y sociales y el asma en la población adolescente. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la asociación entre la atopia familiar, la inhalación pasiva o acti-va de humo de tabaco, la obesidad y el asma en adolescentes.

Sujetos y métodos

Se ha realizado un estudio de casos y controles basado en un estudio de población. Se encuestó a 4.003 estudiantes de 13 a 18 años de edad, seleccionados ale-atoriamente, que acudían a escuelas de secundaria y prepa-ratoria de un área urbana del nordeste de México. La información sobre las variables estudiadas se recabó a través de la exploración física y de la aplicación de un cuestionario por parte de personal capacitado. Se formaron 2 grupos de estudio: uno compuesto por 253 adolescentes con asma, y un grupo control formado por estudiantes sin asma.

Resultados

De los resultados se desprende que la atopia familiar (odds ratio [OR] = 1,62; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,28-2,06), la exposición involuntaria al humo de tabaco (OR = 1,53; IC del 95%, 1,18-1,99) y la obesidad (OR = 1,96; IC del 95%, 1,45-2,65) se encuentran asociadas con el asma en adolescentes. El sexo femenino y el tabaquismo activo no se relacionan con dicha enfermedad. El porcentaje de obesos fue mayor en el grupo de adolescentes con asma (18,2%) que en el grupo control (12,8%).

Conclusiones

La atopia familiar, la inhalación involuntaria de humo de tabaco y la obesidad parecen ser los facto-res de riesgo más importantes para el desarrollo de asma en adolescentes. La relación entre tabaquismo activo y asma requiere una mejor evaluación.

Palabras claves:
Atopia familiar
Tabaquismo
Obesidad
Asma
Adolescentes
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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