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Vol. 42. Issue 9.
Pages 453-456 (September 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 9.
Pages 453-456 (September 2006)
Review Article
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Assessing the Risk of Asthma in Infants and Pre-School Children
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José A. Castro-Rodríguez
Corresponding author
jacastro17@hotmail.com

Correspondence: Dr. J.A. Castro-Rodríguez. Avda. San Carlos de Apoquindo, 856. Las Condes. Santiago de Chile. Chile
Departamento de Medicina Respiratoria Infantil, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Childhood asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with several wheezing phenotypes (transient, atopic, nonatopic, and obese) and various clinical expressions of multifactorial origin. All forms, however, follow a similar course characterized by recurrent episodes of airway obstruction. Studies have shown that the onset of disease occurs early in life for the great majority of asthmatics, that airway inflammation and remodeling are present in schoolchildren with asthma, and that even infants with persistent wheezing present airway inflammation. The difficulty lies in the early identification of infants with recurrent wheezing who are at risk of suffering persistent asthma later in life. The Asthma Predictive Index, a simple tool validated in a longitudinal study, has been suggested for early identification of infants with recurrent wheezing who are at risk of developing asthma and whose lung function has undergone major irreversible damage during the first years of life.

Key words:
Wheezing
Phenotypes
Asthma
Asthma predictive index
Children

El asma infantil es una enfermedad inflamatoria heterogénea con diferentes fenotipos (con sibilancias transitorias, no atópicos, atópicos y obesos) y diferente expresión clínica y multifactorial, pero que siguen una vía común, caracterizada por cuadros recurrentes de obstrucción de la vía aérea. Se ha demostrado que la inmensa mayoría de asmáticos comienza su enfermedad en los primeros años de vida, que la inflama-ción y la remodelación de la vía aérea están ya presentes en escolares asmáticos e incluso que hay inflamación en lactantes con sibilancias persistentes. El problema consiste en iden-tificar tempranamente qué lactante con sibilancias recurrentes tiene riesgo de presentar posteriormente asma persistente. Se postula el uso del Algoritmo Predictor de Asma (Asthma Predictive Index), que es una herramienta simple, validada en estudios longitudinales y que nos permite identificar tempranamente ese fenotipo de lactantes sibilantes (cuya función pulmonar presenta su principal deterioro irreversible en los primeros años de vida) con riesgo de desarrollar asma.

Palabras clave:
Sibilancias
Fenotipos
Asma
Algoritmo predictor de asma
Niños
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