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Vol. 30. Issue 10.
Pages 492-497 (December 1994)
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Vol. 30. Issue 10.
Pages 492-497 (December 1994)
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Aportación del test broncodilatador al estudio de la reversibilidad bronquial
Contribution of the bronchodilator test in the assessment of bronchoreversibility
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4496
C. Pellicer Ciscar1
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Francesc de Borja. Gandía
M. Perpiña Tordera*, A. de Diego Damia*, V. Macián Gisbert*
* Servicio de Neumología. Hospital la Fe. Valencia
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En el presente trabajo se investiga cuál es la dosis de salbutamol y el modo de calcular la respuesta broncodilatadora que resulta más útil en la valoración de la reversibilidad bronquial. Para ello, en 150 sujetos adultos (64 sanos, 18 riníticos, 53 asmáticos, 15 bronquíticos), se estudian los cambios provocados en el FEV1, tras la inhalación de 3 dosis de 200 μg de salbutamol, y se calcula la respuesta broncodilatadora de 4 modos diferentes: en valor absoluto o bien en cambio porcentual respecto al FEV1, basal, teórico o ponderado. Se observaron diferencias significativas en la respuesta provoca da, según los distintos modos de calcular ésta. Los pacientes asmáticos y bronquíticos fueron los que presentaron una mayor respuesta al salbutamol y, en ellos, se investigó la eficacia de estos índices de reversibilidad, para diferenciarlos entre sí. La mejor capacidad discriminativa se obtuvo cuando la respuesta broncodilatadora se calculó en porcentaje respecto al valor teórico de referencia si bien se obtuvo una sensibilidad baja y una especificidad variable (0,73 a 1), según los distintos puntos de corte. Este índice de reversibilidad junto con el expresado en valor absoluto fueron los que mostraron menor dependencia respecto al valor basal de FEV1.

Se concluye que para valorar la respuesta broncodilatadora, el índice que resulta más útil es el que se obtiene al calcular las modificaciones en el FEV1 en relación al valor teórico de referencia. No obstante, con esta prueba broncomotora no es posible clasificar correctamente los asmáticos y los bronquíticos.

Palabras clave:
Reversibilidad bronquial
Asma
Bronquitis crónica

This study sought to determine the optimum dose of salbutamol and the most useful method for calculating bronchodilator response. Changes in FEV1, after inhalation of 3 doses of salbutamol 200 μg were measured in 150 adults (64 healthy individuals, 18 with rhinitis, 53 with asthma and 15 with bronchitis). Bronchodilator response was calculated by 4 different methods: absolute value, percent change form baseline FEV1, from theoretical value and from weighted value. Significant differences in response were observed among the various methods of assessment. Patients with asthma and bronchitis showed the greatest response to salbutamol and their results were used to analyze the usefulness of the reversibility indices. The index that discriminated best was percent of theoretical reference value, although the sensitivity of this index was low and specificity varied from 0.73 to 1 depending on the cut-off point used. This index of reversibility along with absolute valué proved to be the least dependent on baseline FEV1.

We conclude that bronchodilator response is best assessed by calculating changes in FEV1 in relation to a theoretical reference value. This bronchomotor test, however, does not adequately assess patients with asthma and bronchitis.

Key words:
Bronchoreversibility
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
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Copyright © 1994. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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