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Vol. 47. Issue S6.
Antibioterapia inhalada
Pages 24-29 (June 2011)
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Vol. 47. Issue S6.
Antibioterapia inhalada
Pages 24-29 (June 2011)
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Antibioterapia inhalada en otras enfermedades respiratorias
Inhaled antibiotic therapy in other respiratory diseases
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Félix Baranda
Corresponding author
felixbaranda@euskaltel.net

Autor para correspondencia.
, Ainhoa Gómez, Beatriz Gómez
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España
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Resumen

La administración de los antimicrobianos en aerosol se viene utilizando en la práctica clínica desde la década de los cincuenta del siglo pasado. La principal ventaja y el objetivo de esta vía de administración es el depósito del fármaco en el sitio de la infección en el pulmón. La consecución de este objetivo puede producir altas concentraciones en el lugar de la infección o colonización y reducir al mínimo la toxicidad sistémica. Los datos más convincentes para apoyar el uso de antimicrobianos en aerosol provienen de su uso para el tratamiento de mantenimiento en pacientes con fibrosis quística. Además de su utilización en la fibrosis quística, el uso de los antimicrobianos en aerosol también se ha estudiado para el tratamiento o prevención de una serie de enfermedades adicionales, incluyendo las bronquiectasias no fibrosis quística, la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica, la profilaxis contra las infecciones pulmonares por hongos, la infección pulmonar por micobacterias y, más recientemente, en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Aunque las bases teóricas que hay detrás de la administración de antibióticos en aerosol parecen convincentes, los datos disponibles son limitados para apoyar el uso rutinario de esta modalidad terapéutica. Debido a las lagunas que aún hay acerca del uso rutinario de antibióticos en aerosol, se debe tener precaución cuando se contemple la administración de antimicrobianos a través de esta vía en situaciones que no respondan con claridad a las indicaciones establecidas, como el tratamiento de pacientes con fibrosis quística, las bronquiectasias o la neumonía por Pneumocystis.

Palabras clave:
Antibióticos inhalados
Enfermedades respiratorias
Neumonía asociada al ventilador
Infecciones fúngicas
Micobacterias no tuberculosas
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Abstract

Aerosolized antimicrobial agents have been used in clinical practice since the 1950s. The main advantage and aim of using this route of administration is delivery of the drug to the site of infection in the lung. Achieving this aim may produce high concentrations in the site of infection or colonization and reduce systemic toxicity to a minimum. The most convincing data to support the use of aerosolized antimicrobials comes from their use as maintenance treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis. In addition to this indication, the use of aerosolized antimicrobials has also been studied in the treatment or prevention of a series of other diseases, including noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, prophylaxis against fungal lung infections, mycobacterial lung infections and, more recently, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although the theoretical bases underlying aerosol antibiotic administration seem convincing, there is insufficient evidence to support its routine use. Due to the gaps in knowledge that persist in the routine use of aerosolized antibiotics, caution should be exercised in situations without clearly established indications for this modality, such as the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis or Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Keywords:
Inhaled antibiotics
Respiratory diseases
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Fungal infections
Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Pneumocystis jiroveci
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